Computer graphics which are useful for displaying and analyzing data are presented. Many classical and several newly developed graphical techniques in statistical data analysis are presented for small univariate and multivariate data sets. These include histograms, empirical density functions, pie charts, contour plots, a discriminant analysis display, cluster analysis, Chernoff ''faces,'' and Andrews' sine curves. Recent advances in data collection technology and computer data base management systems have made it imperative to utilize computer graphics for large data sets. Several innovative graphical techniques are presented to handle this situation. Spatial relationships among the data (particularly geographic data) are difficult to conceptualize. Several cartographic techniques are presented which enhance the understanding of these spatial relationships within the data.

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The computer control system used on the twelve Neutral Beams of the 2XIIB experiment at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) has evolved over the last three years. It is now in its final form and in regular use. It provides automatic data collection, reduction, and graphics presentation, as well as automatic conditioning, automatic normal operation, and processing of calorimeter data. This paper presents an overview of the capabilities and implementation of the current system, a detailed discussion of the automatic conditioning algorithm, and discusses the future directions for neutral beam automation.

Four manuals containing methods for the accountability of plutonium nitrate solutions, plutonium dioxide, uranium dioxide and mixed uranium-plutonium oxide have been prepared by us and issued by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. A similar manual on methods for the accountability of uranium and plutonium in reprocessing plant dissolver solutions is now in preparation. In the present paper, we discuss the contents of the previously issued manuals and give a preview of the manual now being prepared.

California has the most abundant known reserves of geothermal resources in the nation, and California State government has taken several important actions to accelerate the environmentally acceptable development of geothermal energy. The roles played by various California State government agencies and the legislature to accomplish this goal are discussed.

Rifazone-8{sub 2} (R-8{sub 2}), a new rifamycin derivative, is shown to preferentially inhibit the growth of virus-transformed chick cells in culture. Macromolecular synthesis and glucose uptake of transformed cells are also appreciably decreased in the presence of low concentrations of R-8{sub 2} where the normal cells appear unaffected. While R-8{sub 2} is shown to be a selective inhibitor of RNA-directed DNA polymerase in vitro, its action on the growth of transformed cells may involve some other mechanism.

The Performance Measurement System (PMS), a system for managing a given project or program, is described; this system incorporates the value earned for work accomplished approach. Development and application of this system is discussed under the following headings: PMS vs conventional management control systems; PMS implementation on a project/program; PMS data elements (organization, planning and budgeting, accounting, analysis, reports, and performance measurement data elements); recent PMS applications (FFTF, CRBRP, FMEF, and FMIT); and future of PMS. 25 references, 6 figures, 3 tables. (RWR)

It is concluded that although the challenges facing diagnosticians working on the inertial confinement approach to controlled fusion are large and varied, the means potentially available to meet them are more than adequate. No new instrumentation fields need be opened; rather, substantial extensions of those already being explored by workers in ICF will suffice. Also, large contributions may be expected from other technological applications thrusts, as well as from the general, currently rapid advance of the entire physical technology base.

The conclusions we have reached are that rainout of fresh radioactive debris occurred at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, that this precipitation was initiated either by the weapon itself or by the ensuing fires or by both, and that self-induced rainout can occur and deposit sufficient amounts of radioactivity on the ground to pose a significant collateral damage hazard.

This report discusses a computer automated stage and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) system for detecting defects in glass spheres for inertial confinement laser fusion experiments. This system detects submicron defects and permits inclusion of acceptable spheres in targets after examination. The stage used to examine and manipulate the spheres through 4..pi.. steradians is described. Primary image recording is made on a roster scanning video disc. The need for SEM stability and methods of achieving it are discussed.

A technique for measuring primary creep was developed which facilitates rapid load application to high temperature creep samples. Creep strain measurements for times as short as one second can be made. The strain as a function of time has a logarithmic relationship with a time exponent of 0.7 +- 0.1. Although the resulting expression is in conflict with the normal way of describing the high temperature deformation of fuel under stress, it is possible to incorporate so-called steady state creep into the proposed primary creep relationship. (FS)

A numerical analysis has been performed on the time-dependent equations of heat balance, gas convection, pressure drop, and mass-flow rate for supercritical helium gas flowing through a tubular superconductor. Three dimensional graphs of wall temperature, gas temperature, and mass-flow rate as functions of position and time are used to show the evolution of normal zones. In contrast to other methods of studying stability in superconductors by a quasi-steady-state analysis of critical-sized normal zones (minimum propagating zone), our analysis shows that stability is influenced by both the magnitude and the time dependence of the disturbance. As the current is increased in a system subjected to certain types of thermal disturbances, propagating normal zones may originate at positions well downstream from the site of the disturbance. At higher currents, propagating zones may originate both downstream and at the disturbed site, coalescing into a large propagating normal zone. With certain types of disturbances (such as an extraneous heat source over a short length of conductor), higher critical currents may be reached by fast current ramping, while with other types of disturbances (such as self heating in a degraded section of conductor), slow current ramping leads to higher critical currents.

Schemes that could be used for detection of superheavy elements (SHE) are briefly discussed first. The question of producing SHE in other than complete fusion reactions (e.g., in deep inelastic reactions) is addressed at greater length. Production cross sections are estimated. A heavy ion lens spectrometer for the detection of reaction products is described. 18 figures, 3 tables. (RWR)

Imaging techniques that can be used to translate seismic and electromagnetic wave signals into visual representation are briefly discussed. The application of these techniques is illustrated on the example of determining the subsurface structure of a proposed power plant. Imaging makes the wave signals intelligible to the non-geologists. R and D work needed in this area are tabulated. (JSR)

Background information concerning how and why Bendix Kansas City became interested in numerical control of machine tools and what the approach was in determining whether it would prove beneficial is presented. The present status of implementation and future plans are discussed. The material is presented by 22 slides. (TFD)

Bronze-processed Nb/sub 3/Sn composite wire conductors exhibit changes in their superconducting parameters when strained in tension. This paper describes a detailed study of the effect of strain on critical current and an analysis by optical and SEM techniques of crack formation in the Nb/sub 3/Sn layer under strain. The effect of strain history on both reversible and irreversible changes in critical current and the roles of differential thermal contraction induced residual strains and of Nb/sub 3/Sn cracking are discussed.

Figure-of-merit equations for material selection and detailed design equations have been developed to aid in the design of a linear electrooptic deflector element for use in a 10-ps streak camera. The figure of merit indicates that BaTiO/sub 3/, KTN, and ammonium oxalate (AMO) are suitable materials. Possible deflector designs, including that of a current AMO prototype development program, are discussed. Quadratic (Kerr-effect) operation and materials are discussed along with the possibility for 10.6-..mu..m-wavelength use.

As part of Lawrence Livermore Laboratory's Enhanced Filtration Program, we are investigating the use of an externally applied electric field to improve the performance of fibrous filters. Our objective in this program is to develop filtration systems for the nuclear industry that will reduce the cost and volume of nuclear waste associated with present systems. We have developed a new theory of the electrostatic filter that is consistent with experimental tests made during transient and steady-state conditions. For these tests, we used ac and dc electric fields, insulated and noninsulated electrodes, and conducting and nonconducting filter media; all tests were conducted in our small-scale 25 l/s test system, using sodium chloride aerosols. Our theory employs a new mechanism based on the attraction between charged particles and charged fibers in addition to the previously proposed mechanism based on the attraction between charged particles and polarized fibers. In this theory, fibers are charged when charged particles deposit on them. We have also developed a theoretical model that explains the increase in filter efficiency and pressure drop when particles load on the filter. The filter loading tests we conducted to evaluate this model verify its accuracy to a remarkable degree. By using the …

Simultaneous measurements of enthalpy, specific volume, temperature, and electrical resistivity for lead and uranium were measured. From the measured data, estimates of the bulk modulus and sound velocity in these metals are made. (GHT)

Bubbles are concentrations of electromagnetic energy in the region of the critical density that force out the plasma to form a void. Since the critical density surface is cratered, absorption may be greater than a smooth surface since a larger area will be available for absorption and the reflected light will have a large probability of restriking the critical density. The distance between bubbles is several wavelengths and consequently they may encourage Rayleigh--Taylor instabilities. The threshold, magnetic field generation, and possible experimental evidence for bubbles are discussed. Also, the competition between sidescatter and self focusing in an entirely underdense plasma is studied and it is found that sidescatter dominates for polarization out of the simulation plane.

ARGUS is a two-beam Nd: glass laser system built for laser fusion irradiation experiments. It is the first glass laser system planned and built with the understanding that small-scale beam break-up is the dominant performance limiting factor in obtaining high output power. Accordingly, five vacuum spatial filters are located at strategic intervals along each chain to eliminate the accumulated small-scale filamentation. This strategy permits cascading of amplifiers to obtain a focusable output of more than one terawatt per arm in a spatially clean beam of 20 centimeter diameter. Beam diagnostics which characterize each shot include the time-integrated spatial profile and the time resolved intensity/power at the target. Demonstrated performance to date includes: (1) Peak power in excess of 2 TW at the target is achieved with regularity. (2) Maximum system brightness is in excess of 10/sup 17/ watts/cm/sup 2/ ster. (3) Shot-to-shot pointing stability within 50 ..mu.. radians is achieved over periods of days. (4) Successful target experiments have been performed with pulses of from 30 to 500 ps duration.

An analysis of the scheme to heat magnetically confined plasma columns to kilovolt temperatures with a laser beam requires consideration of two propagation problems. The first question to be answered is whether stable beam trapping is possible. Since the laser beam creates its own density profile by heating the plasma, the propagation of the beam becomes a nonlinear phenomenon, but not necessarily a stable one. In addition, the electron density at a given time depends on the preceding history of both the medium and the laser pulse. A self-consistent time dependent treatment of the beam propagation and the medium hydrodynamics is consequently required to predict the behavior of the laser beam. Such calculations have been carried out and indicate that propagation of a laser beam in an initially uniform plasma can form a stable filament which alternately focuses and defocuses. An additional question that is discussed is whether diffractive losses associated with long propagation paths are significant.

The formation of ozone from oxygen and the dissociation carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and oxygen is studied in a gamma-neutron chemical process blanket associated with a controlled thermonuclear reactor. Materials used for reactor tube wall will affect the efficiency of the energy absorption by the reactants and consequently the yield of reaction products. Three kinds of materials, aluminum, stainless steel and fiber (Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/)-aluminium are investigated for the tube wall material in the study.

Copper and uranium were melted together in an electron beam furnace, rolled and vacuum annealed at 900/sup 0/C. Several samples were examined, varying in uranium content from 0.074 to 1.82 wt. percent. Each sample was mounted in a resin and polished for optical microscope and electron microprobe work. These samples, when viewed under an optical microscope exhibited three distinct phases: featureless grain surfaces, a light gray phase in the grain boundaries, and an occasional dark gray phase also found in the grain boundaries. It is shown that the Count Rate Discriminator technique used in coincidence with a target current detector provides a powerful tool to map and to determine quantitatively the distribution of minor phases in grain boundaries and inclusions. (DLC)