B-roll video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.

Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.

B-roll video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.

B-roll video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.

B-roll video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.

Information is provided on the solar energy system installed in the newly constructed office building of the North Georgia Area Planning and Development Commission near downtown Dalton, Georgia. This solar heating, cooling and hot water system supplies 65 to 70% of the cooling demand and 90 to 95% of the heating demand. There are 2,001 square feet of effective Revere collector area, and the absorption chiller is in Arkla model 300 and provides 16 tons of cooling.

Leach tests were conducted using a modified version of the IAEA procedure to study the behavior of glass waste-solution interactions. Release rates were determined for Tc, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, and Si in the following solutions: WIPP B salt brine, NaCl (287 g/l), NaCl (1.76 g/1), CaCl/sub 2/ (1.66 g/l), NaHCO/sub 3/ (2.52 g/l), and deionized water. The leach rates for all elements decreased an order of magnitude from their initial values during the first 20 to 30 days leaching time. The sodium bicarbonate solution produced the highest elemental release rates, while the saturated salt brine and deionized water in general gave the lowest release. Technetium has the highest initial release of all elements studied. The technetium release rates, however, decreased by over four orders of magnitude in 150 days of leaching time. In the prepared glass, technetium was phase separated, concentrating on internal pore surfaces. Neptunium, in all cases except CaCl/sub 2/ solution, shows the highest actinide release rate. In general, curium and uranium have the lowest release rates. The range of actinide release rates is from 10/sup -5/ to 10/sup -8/ g/cm/sup 2//day. 25 figures, 7 tables.

Individual abstracts were prepared for 19 of the papers in these proceedings. The remaining two have already been cited in ERA, and may be located by reference to the entry CONF-790834-- in the Report Number Index. (RWR)

Objective is to understand the spent fuel performance. In order to do this, we must quantify the spent fuel characteristics at various time intervals during specific field and laboratory tests. This spent fuel characterization is used to identify and describe mathematically the degradation modes experienced during the tests. Incorporation of these descriptions into the more comprehensive spent fuel performance prediction model will aid in the overall licensing of repositories for permanent disposal of the spent fuel waste form.

A laminar flow isothermal furnace has been constructed and used to study lignite pyrolysis in nitrogen at temperatures between 700/sup 0/ and 1000/sup 0/C. Particles of a Texas lignite (Darco Seam) between 41 and 201 microns in mean diameter, are found to flow down the furnace tube with velocities approximated by the summation of the gas plug-flow velocity and particle free-fall velocities. Some particle shrinkage and density changes occur during pyrolysis. Pyrolysis rate is particle size independent and increases with increase in temperature over the range of operating conditions. Ultimate yield of volatiles in the isothermal furnace, which is calculated from the linear relationship between weight loss and change in proximate volatile matter, is 66% of the original dry-ash-free coal and is particle size independent and relatively temperature independent. Ultimate yields of volatiles from fixed beds of pulverized coal are smaller than for dispersed particles of the same size. Proximate volatile matter for the lignite is, for example, 51% of the original dry-ash-free coal. Heating rates drop from about 10,000/sup 0/C/s in the isothermal furnace to about 20/sup 0/C/s in the proximate volatile matter test. Pyrolysis rates decrease and display particle size dependency in fixed beds. This implication of physical …

A preliminary design study of a large scale graphite oxidation loop was performed in order to assess feasibility and to estimate capital costs. The nominal design operates at 50 atmospheres helium and 1800 F with a graphite specimen 30 inches long and 10 inches in diameter. It was determined that a simple single walled design was not practical at this time because of a lack of commercially available thick walled high temperature alloys. Two alternative concepts, at reduced operating pressure, were investigated. Both were found to be readily fabricable to operate at 1800 F and capital cost estimates for these are included. A design concept, which is outside the scope of this study, was briefly considered.

The objectives were to develop a simple approach for determining clear sky temperature from ground air temperature and absolute humidity and to develop an inexpensive device for direct measurement of sky temperature. The analytical approach taken was similar to that developed by Bliss. A simpler model to estimate sky temperature to acceptable accuracy, however, was not achieved. A simple device to measure sky temperature was designed and tested but development efforts within the means of the project were unsuccessful. It was concluded that a device that could include measurement or knowledge of the convective heat transfer coefficient rather than control or elimination of it would be an alternative approach in the development of a sky temperature measurement device. Project funds were depleted before the alternative device could be designed and tested.

Data from hourly precipitation samples taken at Brookhaven National Laboratory from June 1976 to May 1979 were analyzed to determine the hourly variability within precipitation events with respect to the event means for each of the chemical measurements. These included conductivity and concentrations of hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfate, ammonium, chloride, and sodium ions. The coefficient of variation (S.D./anti X) was found for each variable in each event of three hours or more. Events were then classified by length, season, precipitation rate, and by meteorological parameters and the variability of the coefficient of variation computed for each class. Results are presented in a series of tables.

In 1978, the US and Peru conducted a comprehensive assessment of Peru's energy resources, needs, and uses and developed several alternative energy strategies that utilize the available resources to meet their energy requirements. This Volume I reports the findings of the assessment and contains the executive summary, the main report, and five appendices of information that support the integrated energy supply and demand analysis. The following chapters are included: The Energy Situation in Peru (economic context and background, energy resources and production, energy consumption patterns); Reference Supply and Demand Projection (approach, procedures, and assumptions; economic projections; energy demand and supply projections; supply/demand integration; uncertainties); and The Development of Strategies and Options (the analysis of options; strategies; increased use of renewables, hydropower, coal; increased energy efficiency; and financial analysis of strategies).

Hazards and pollutional impacts from residuals generated at the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center are explained in the context of hazardous waste regulations proposed by the federal government (RCRA). Nine hazard characteristics are defined and an overview of their significance to PETC is presented. Pollutional impacts on air, water and land are discussed in the energy research perspective. Legislative and statutory relationships between the Center and local, county, state and federal enforcement agencies are listed and analyzed. Expected liability resting on the Center in this framework is outlined. One hundred seven different chemical and indeterminate wastes were reported in an inventory conducted as an earlier task of this project. All of these are tabulated, classified in accordance with the latest proposed federal regulations, with recommended treatment and disposal methodologies included. The existing residuals management system is described to establish baseline conditions in preparing the recommended system. Management policies as they are presently practiced are included in the presentation. A recommended residuals management plan is offered for consideration. It includes the organizational arrangement of PETC personnel, a description of authority and responsibilities of the various human elements of the plan, an information network with detailed data sheets and installation of a mandatory …

B-roll video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.

During the current contract period, the variation of coordination number of tervalent lanthanides observed earlier with 8-quinolinol extraction systems was exploited in the development of mixed ligand (so-called synergistic) extraction systems involving 1, 10-phenanthroline (phen) and 8-quinolinol (HOx). Using a mixture of HOx and phen significantly enhanced the difference between adjacent lanthanide ions and facilitated their separation.

Work in Catalyst Preparation and Screening was concerned with modification of product workup procedure and elimination or reduction of uncertainties in the analysis of data from batch autoclave screening runs. Toluene was substituted for benzene as a solvent in the product workup because of the health hazard associated with the use of benzene and was added to the product prior to filtration in order to expose both liquid and solid product to the solvent. The conversion was about the same, using either the old benzene or new toluene product workup. The Engelhard dry coal charging device was used in an attempt to eliminate uncertainties in the batch screening data analysis. After considerable experimentation, use of the charging device was abandoned because of problems with plugging, temperature upsets, and catalyst coking. The effort in Catalyst Aging Tests with Eastern and Western Coal was centered around preparation of enough liquefaction solvent for the DOE program. In the application of new catalysts to the H-Coal process work centered around the 500 pound batch Amocat-1A (CoMo) received from W.R. Grace Company Catalyst inspection data were acceptable and, according to a recent HRI report, the performance results of the 500 pound batch were equivalent to …

The electronics system design for both the transmitting system and the receiving system, the laboratory test results obtained on the system completed thus far, and the effort needed to complete the system are detailed. (MHR)

The energy consumed in manufacturing silicon solar cell modules was calculated for the current process, as well as for 1982 and 1986 projected processes. In addition, energy payback times for the above three sequences are shown. The module manufacturing energy was partitioned two ways. In one way, the silicon reduction, silicon purification, sheet formation, cell fabrication, and encapsulation energies were found. In addition, the facility, equipment, processing matrial, and direct material lost-in-process energies were appropriated in junction formation processes and full module manufacturing sequences. A brief methodology accounting for the energy of silicon wafers lost-in-processing during cell manufacturing is described.

Measures that offer promise of efficiency improvements or economy in energy usage in rail passenger transportation are identified and described; the future of rail passenger transportation in the US is discussed; and possible future roles of Federal agencies are discussed.

The lighting and vision literature, materials on management science and the reflectivity of surfaces are reviewed. The analysis emphasized the connection between lighting design and productivity. It is concluded that polarizing panels should be included among the alternatives normally considered by the lighting designer to utilize energy more efficiently than normal general lighting systems using standard prismatic or diffusing panels. A lighting design using polarizing panels might use 1/4 to 1/3 less energy than a reference system using standard prismatic panels without compromising function. The estimate of the potential energy savings available with polarizing panels is based on the estimate of their efficiency at producing Equivalent Spherical Illumination (ESI). ESI combines the effects of luminance and contrast into a single figure of merit for visibility. A short history and some background of ESI and a discussion of the measured reflectivities of paper and pencil on paper are presented. These data are used in ESI calculations. The problems and limitations of evaluating lighting systems strictly in terms of ESI per watt (or dollar) are discussed. An attempt was made to evaluate polarizing panels in terms of the factors discussed. Additional information is provided in 4 appendices.

The fluidized-bed, waste-heat boiler (FBWHB) may represent a significant opportunity for industrial energy conservation. The applications of FBWHBs to the recovery of heat from waste streams are examined. Compared to other waste-heat recovery units, FBWHBs can transfer more heat per unit volume and are physically smaller - an important consideration for retrofit and construction costs. A detailed discussion of fluidized beds, including their application in waste-heat recovery and the factors affecting FBWHB design is presented. Design methodology is discussed along with a preliminary engineering design for recovering heat from a waste-gas stream, a typical FBWHB application.

The successful design of full-scale open-cycle, coal-fired MHD generators for baseload electrical production requires a detailed understanding of the plasma chemical and plasma dynamic characteristics of anticipated combustor and channel fluids. The report documents the development of a diffusion controlled heterogeneous condensation model and channel heat loss model for incorporation into the PACKAGE code used to calculate core flow plasma properties and generator efficiency. PACKAGE calculations comparing realistic baseload subsonic and supersonic generator models are also presented. Progress on the refinement of a laboratory scale coal combustion plasma source and its associated molecular beam mass spectrometer diagnostic and diode laser absorption plasma temperature measurement systems is documented. Finally, progress on the development of a numerical model describing arc behavior in MHD electrode boundary layers is presented.