A regional geothermal resource assessment has been conducted for the major islands in the Hawaiian chain. The assessment was made through the compilation and evaluation of the readily accessible geological, geochemical, and geophysical data for the Hawaiian Archipelago that have been acquired during the last two decades. The geologic criteria used in the identification of possible geothermal reservoirs were age and location of most recent volcanism on the island and the geologic structure of each island. The geochemical anomalies used as traces for geothermally altered groundwater were elevated silica concentrations and elevated chloride/magnesium ion ratios. Geophysical data used to identify subsurface structure with possible geothermal potential were aeromagnetic anomalies, gravity anomalies, and higher-than-normal well and basal spring discharge temperatures. Geophysical and geochemical anomalies that may be the result of subsurface thermal effects have been identified on the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, and Oahu.

The overall objective of this program is to conduct research on metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) solar cells to improve understanding of the basic parameters which control photovoltaic processes in these cell structures. Current work includes fabrication, characterization, and theoretical studies of single crystal silicon-based cells, with Si0/sub x/ as the insulating film and Al or Au as the front metal contact. Studies of these two systems are intended to provide needed reference systems from which improved single crystal or polycrystalline devices can be systematically developed. The approach to cell fabrication involves growth of a Si0/sub x/ layer on a silicon substrate, and subsequent evaporation of a metal layer for the front contact by vacuum evaporation or electron beam deposition. Characterization of cells involves both physical and electro-optical measurements. Scanning Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) are utilized to determine depth concentration profiles and the nature of bonding in the interfacial region. Electron-optical measurements include current-voltage, capacitance-voltage, and spectral photoresponse measurements with the completed cell. In addition, ellipsometric measurements are utilized to determine oxide film thickness and the optical parameters for metal films on silicon. These results are compared to parameters determined from reflection and transmission measurements made on …

The program's potential environmental impacts are evaluated to ensure that environmental issues are considered at the earliest meaningful point in the decision-making process. The existing environment is studied for the following: grain drying; crop drying; livestock shelter heating; food processing; textile products; lumber and wood products; paper products; chemicals; petroleum refining; stone, clay, and glass products; and primary metals industries. Environmental impacts of the proposed action on the following are studied: air quality, water quality, ecosystems, health and safety, land use, esthetics, and social and institutional impacts. (MHR)

IMP 6 observations of the plasma boundary layer (PBL) and magnetopause layer (MPL) of the earth's magnetosphere indicate that plasma in the low-latitude portion of the PBL is supplied primarily by direct transport of magnetosheath plasma across the MPL and that this transport process is relatively widespread over the entire sunward magnetospheric boundary.

The results of Task I, Design Requirements, are presented. Environmental conditions for the Punta Tuna, Puerto Rico site are reviewed and synthesized to provide definition of current, wind and wave severity, direction, and occurrence for service, operational, and extreme sea states. SKSS performance requirements, including design life and watch circle, are followed by interface considerations particularly for the electrical transmission riser cable, and design criteria including safety and load factors. The SKSS concepts will be analyzed to evaluate performance, reliability, and cost. Performance analysis conducted included catenary anchor leg static calculations to size components, as well as drag due to environmental loads in the operational and extreme sea states for both ship and spar platforms. Dynamic analyses and trade studies to be conducted in Task II are presented. A reliability and risk assessment analysis of the three basic SKSS types - single-, multiple-, and tension-anchor-leg moors - was completed, indicating that the multiple-anchor-leg/multiple-point rotary or turret moor has the lowest risk-criticality for the ship, while that for the spar is the multiple-anchor-leg/multiple-point moor. The catenary single-anchor-leg/single-point moor has insufficient reliability for both platforms. The life cycle cost analysis methodology, including work breakdown structure, cost estimating, and cost minimization define the …

This report covers Phase III effort on the Foster-Miller Associates, Inc. Coal Feeder Development Program from 1 July 1978 to 31 December 1978. At the end of this period, the Linear Pocket Feeder had been operated for 234 hours. Problems with the unit have been limited to excessive wear of the conveyor joints. This problem is expected to be relatively easy to solve. Design, fabrication, and assembly of the 500 psig Centrifugal Feeder prototype was completed, and testing of the feeder was initiated. The enlarged feeder test facility (5-ton capacity) was completed.

This study developed a generic planning process that utilities can use to determine the feasibility of utilizing WECS (Wind Energy Conversion Systems) as part of their future mix of equipment. While this is primarily an economic process, other questions dealing with WECS availability, capacity credit, operating reserve, performance of WECS arrays, etc., had to be addressed. The approach was to establish the worth, or breakeven value, of WECS to the utility and to determine the impact that WECS additions would have on the utilities mix of conventional source.

Because of high internal temperatures, the external temperature has no effect upon the reaction rate of coke particles with air for temperatures above 750/sup 0/K. Reactions could not be initiated below that temperature. Chemical reaction rate was not found to be a rate-controlling step: both extra-particle and intra-particle diffusion are important and limit the rate of oxidation. The observed values of k/sub c/, the extra-particle mass transfer coefficient were found to be in good agreement with the correlation of Ranz and Marshall. The effective diffusivity, D/sub e/, of the ash layer was not affected by changes in temperature, oxygen concentration, gas flow rate, and particle size. The observed value of D/sub e/ was 0.69 cm/sup 2//sec with a standard deviation of 0.04. Experiments with bench-scale combustors, measurements of the thermal conductivity of coke and of the reactivity of coke at 500/sup 0/C made from Alabama coals are also discussed. (LTN)

The project plans and procedures to be used in drilling and completing both the production and injection wells for Holly Sugar Company are described. The following are included: general site activities, occupational health and safety, drilling operations, permits, environmental report, and schedule.

In studying the position of the United States Department of Energy, Non-proliferation Alternative Systems Assessment Program, this report determines the uranium saving associated with various improvement concepts applicable to a once-through fuel cycle of a standard four-loop Westinghouse Pressurized Water Reactor. Increased discharged fuel burnup from 33,000 to 45,000 MWD/MTM could achieve a 12% U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ saving by 1990. Improved fuel management schemes combined with coastdown to 60% power, could result in U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ savings of 6%.

The study identifies opportunities for and barriers to increased use of railroads to promote fuel conservation. Transportation officials were interviewed from 9 companies in the processed food, metals, chemicals, and transportation vehicle industries. These industry personnel identified unreliable delivery times and equipment shortages as the key issues in their decision not to use the railroads. A range of actions that railroad management could take to improve transit time reliability is identified. Barriers to implementing changes include (in increasing order of difficulty) changes in operating practices, capital outlays, increased operating costs, and changes in work rules. Ranked by increased order of difficulty to implement actions to improve reliability are as follows: rationalize train schedules, yard crew assignments in terminal areas, system blocking plan, and configuration of complex terminal areas; schedule freight cars from door to door; and operate freight trains more frequently.

This volume contains the appendices to a study to identify design requirements for photovoltaic modules and arrays used in residential applications. Appendices include: (1) codes, standards, and manuals of accepted practice-definition and importance; (2) regional code variations-impact; (3) model and city codes-review; (4) National Electric Code (NEC)-review; (5) types of standards-definition and importance; (6) federal standards-review; (7) standards review method; (8) manuals of accepted practice; (9) codes and referenced standards-summary; (10) public safety testing laboratories; (11) insurance review; (12) studies approach; (13) mounting configurations; (14) module/panel size and shape cost analysis; (15) grounding, wiring, terminal and voltage studies; (16) array installation cost summary; (17) photovoltaic shingle/module comparison; (18) retrofit application; (19) residential photovoltaic module performance criteria; (20) critique of JPL's solar cell module design and test specifications for residential applications; and (21) CSI format specification. (WHK)

This environmental impact assessment addresses the design, construction, and operation of an electric generating plant (3 to 4 MWe) and research station (Hawaii Geothermal Research Station (HGRS)) in the Puna district on the Island of Hawaii. The facility will include control and support buildings, parking lots, cooling towers, settling and seepage ponds, the generating plant, and a visitors center. Research activities at the facility will evaluate the ability of a successfully flow-tested well (42-day flow test) to provide steam for power generation over an extended period of time (two years). In future expansion, research activities may include direct heat applications such as aquaculture and the effects of geothermal fluids on various plant components and specially designed equipment on test modules. 54 refs., 7 figs., 22 tabs.

B-roll video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.

B-roll video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.

B-roll video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.

This volume contains brief appendixes of three types: (1) some topics, although their analyses were not directly requested in the contract work statement, are examined because they are central to determining the validity of the Energyplex concept (e.g., socioeconomic effects and anaerobic digestion of animal wastes to recovery energy). (2) Methane from Illinois coal beds is discussed as a potential energy resource; however detailed analysis has been prevented by the paucity of necessary geological data. (3) Those Energyplex elements whose brief examination revealed some barrier are noted. For example, recovering energy from the relatively small amount of municipal waste generated by Charleston and Mattoon shows no economic promise, and cement production in the southeast quadrant of Illinois appears to be limited by inadequate quantities of limestone of the proper quality.

This primer was developed as part of the study conducted by the Laboratory for Nuclear Science (LNS) on the feasibility of networks for computer resource sharing. The primer is an instructinal guide for the LNS user who would like to access and use computers at other government sites on the ARPA network. The format is a series of scenarios of actual recorded on-line terminal sessions' showing the novice user how to access the foreign site, obtain help documentation, run a simple program, and transfer files to and from the foreign site. Access to the ARPA network in these scenarios is via Multics or the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Terminal Interface Processor. The foreign government sites accessed are the computing facilities at Argonne National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, and New York University Courant Institute. This technique of auditing actual terminal sessions as a teaching aid can be extended to include other computing facilities as well as other networks.

The technical and economic feasibility of retrofitting thermal power plants in Minnesota to accommodate both heat and power generation for district heating was examined and is discussed. Three communities were identified as viable sites for co-generation district heating. (LCL)

A summary is presented of the experimental development and testing of a muon polarimeter, a device to be used in an experiment proposed for the PEP facility. The work consisted of two phases. Phase one was the cosmic ray studies, done at Brown University during the summer of 1978, using a small model of the actual polarimeter. A second series of tests, done on a much more sophisticated version of the polarimeter, was conducted at the Brookhaven AGS A2 test beam. A discussion of the polarimeter concept and a brief description of some of the hardware used in the experimental work are given. Results of the summer tests are discussed, and theoretical calculations of the quantities of interest in the Brookhaven tests are presented. (GHT)

A number of materials are commonly used as vacuum system walls. The desorption of gases from these materials may contribute significantly to the internal pressure of an unpumped device or to the gas load which a pump must handle in a dynamic system. This report describes the thermodesorption measurements made on a number of metals (molybdenum, nickel, Kovar alloy, copper, copper-2% beryllium alloy) and two insulators (molybdenum sealing glass ceramic and high alumina ceramic). All of the materials after typical cleaning and air exposure contain considerable gas. With a long 400/sup 0/ to 500/sup 0/ vacuum bake, however, all can be cleaned sufficiently so that they will not contribute appreciable gas to their surrounding when vacuum stored at room temperature for many years. Most materials display desorption kinetics which are first order (a single bond or trap energy must be overcome for desorption). It appears that the desorption of CO from Kovar is rate limited by carbon diffusion (D/sub 0/ approx. = .4 cm/sup 2//s and E/sub d/ approx. = 27,000 cal/mol). The desorption of hydrogen from glass ceramic also appears to be diffusion rate limited (D/sub 0/ approx. = 1 x 10/sup -3/ cm/sup 2//s and E/sub d/ approx. …

The Department of Energy contracted with Gibbs and Cox, M. Rosenblatt and Son and Lockheed Missile and Space Corporation to prepare conceptual designs, cost estimates and analyses for a 400 MWe OTEC Commercial Size platform. Each contractor was directed to investigate two predetermined hull configurations and to relate them to one operating site, selected by DOE. A total of 6 designs, covering sphere, spar, ship and semisubmersibles were studied by the three contractors. The results of their investigations were presented by DOE in Washington on May 8, 1978. The presentations showed that whereas a considerable data base has been built, no clear conclusions had emerged with respect to the direction that future design of the commercial platform should take. JJMA has been directed by Value Engineering on behalf of DOE to review the conceptual designs and the accompanying data base prepared by the three contractors. The intent of this review is to propose to DOE the answers to the following questions, based on the results of studies by the three contractors: (1) If DOE were to build a 400 MW OTEC plant, starting now, what should they build. (2) What are the reasons for the decisions. (3) What would it …

The results of a Bevalac experiment to measure the single electron attachment and stripping cross sections for relativistic (0.5 < ..beta.. < 0.95) C, Ne and Ar ions passing through thin solid targets ranging in atomic number from 4 (Be) to 79 (Au) are reported. Magnetic analysis was used to separate the single electron, N/sub 1/, and fully stripped, N/sub 0/, ion beams emerging from the targets. Separate counters measured the number of ions in each charge state. The ratios N/sub 1//N/sub 0/ for different target thicknesses were fit to a simple growth curve to yield electron attachment and stripping cross sections. The data are compared to relativistic extrapolations of available theories. Clear evidence for two separate attachment processes, radiative and non-radiative, is found. Data are compared to a recently improved formulation for the stripping cross sections.

The task accomplished during the first six months of the cooperative agreement between the US Department of Energy and the Idaho Office of Energy is summarized, concentrating on geothermal resource data, regional and local development plans, energy and economic factors and institutional factors.