[Letter from C. H. Chernosky to Alex Bradford - September 5, 1939] (open access)

[Letter from C. H. Chernosky to Alex Bradford - September 5, 1939]

Letter from C. H. Chernosky to Alex Bradford thanking him for both his continued support of the Czechoslovakian people and his willingness to travel abroad to join the Czechoslovakian war efforts against the Nazi war machine. Additionally, Mr.Chernosky regrets that not enough of the American people are willing to support the Czech people.
Date: September 5, 1939
Creator: Chernosky, C. H.
Object Type: Letter
System: The Portal to Texas History
NATO and the European Union (open access)

NATO and the European Union

Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.
Date: January 4, 2005
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
NATO and the European Union (open access)

NATO and the European Union

Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.
Date: May 12, 2005
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
NATO and the European Union (open access)

NATO and the European Union

Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.
Date: January 3, 2006
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Invasion of Czechoslovakia, August 20, 1968: A Collection of Background Materials and Samples of Congressional Statements and Speeches for Use on the Preparation of Commemorative Statements and Speeches (open access)

The Invasion of Czechoslovakia, August 20, 1968: A Collection of Background Materials and Samples of Congressional Statements and Speeches for Use on the Preparation of Commemorative Statements and Speeches

This report discusses the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 by the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact (Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and East Germany) which overthrew the government of liberal Communist Party leader, Alexander Dubcek. The report provides statements and news stories related to the invasion and its aftermath as well as resources for Congress members giving speeches or releasing statements at commemorative events.
Date: July 19, 1972
Creator: Mihalchenko, Barbara
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
NATO and the European Union (open access)

NATO and the European Union

Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.
Date: April 6, 2004
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union: Ongoing Challenges and Future Prospects (open access)

The European Union: Ongoing Challenges and Future Prospects

This report provides a brief history of the European Union (EU) and the major challenges confronting the bloc. It also discusses the potential implications for the EU and for U.S.-EU relations.
Date: December 3, 2018
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union: Current Challenges and Future Prospects (open access)

The European Union: Current Challenges and Future Prospects

This report provides a brief history of the European Union (EU) and the major challenges currently confronting the EU as an institution. It also discusses the potential implications both for the EU itself and for U.S.-EU relations.
Date: February 27, 2017
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude (open access)

EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude

This report provides background information and analysis of the U.S.-EU economic relationship.
Date: April 15, 2005
Creator: Cooper, William H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union: Questions and Answers (open access)

The European Union: Questions and Answers

This report serves as a primer on the European Union and provides a brief description of U.S.-EU relations that may be of interest in the 114th Congress.
Date: February 21, 2017
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude (open access)

EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude

This report provides background information and analysis of the U.S.-EU economic relationship for members of the 112th Congress as they contemplate the costs and benefits of closer U.S. economic ties with the EU. It examines the economic and political framework of the relationship and the scope and magnitude of the ties based on data from various sources. In addition, the report analyzes the implications these factors have for U.S. economic policy toward the EU.
Date: January 27, 2011
Creator: Cooper, William H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
European Union Enlargement (open access)

European Union Enlargement

The European Union (EU) has long viewed the enlargement process as an extraordinary opportunity to promote political stability and economic prosperity in Europe. U.S. Administrations and many Members of Congress have long backed EU enlargement, believing that it serves U.S. interests by advancing democracy and economic prosperity throughout the European continent. Some U.S. officials are concerned that "enlargement fatigue" as well as the EU's ongoing financial crisis could hinder EU expansion. The status of EU enlargement and its implications for both the EU itself and U.S.-EU relations may be of interest to the second session of the 112th Congress.
Date: April 4, 2012
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
European Union Enlargement (open access)

European Union Enlargement

This report discusses the status of European Union (EU) enlargement and its implications for both the EU itself and U.S.-EU relations. It includes a history of the European Union, the process of enlargement, overviews of current EU candidates, prospects for future enlargements, and U.S. perspectives.
Date: January 26, 2012
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union: Questions and Answers (open access)

The European Union: Questions and Answers

This report provides a brief overview of the European Union (EU), an economic and political partnership between 27 sovereign member states. The report describes the formation of the EU, the three main institutions of the EU, and the EU's relationship with the United States.
Date: January 24, 2011
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Mix, Derek E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union: Questions and Answers (open access)

The European Union: Questions and Answers

This report provides a brief overview of the European Union (EU), an economic and political partnership between 27 sovereign member states. The report describes the formation of the EU, the three main institutions of the EU, and the EU's relationship with the United States.
Date: November 5, 2010
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Mix, Derek E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union: Questions and Answers (open access)

The European Union: Questions and Answers

This report describes the European Union (EU), its evolution, governing institutions, trade policy, and efforts to forge common foreign and defense policies. The report also addresses the EU-U.S. and EU-NATO relationships, which may be of interest to the second session of the 110th Congress. It will be updated as events warrant. For more information, see CRS Report RS21344, European Union Enlargement, by Kristin Archick, and CRS Report RL34381, European Union-U.S. Trade and Investment Relations: Key Issues, coordinated by Raymond Ahearn.
Date: July 3, 2008
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
European Union’s Arms Embargo on China: Implications and Options for U.S. Policy (open access)

European Union’s Arms Embargo on China: Implications and Options for U.S. Policy

Overall, there are two sets of questions for Congress in examining U.S. policy toward the fate of the EU’s arms embargo on China. What are the implications for U.S. interests in trans-Atlantic relations and China? If U.S. interests are adversely affected, what are some options for Congress to discourage the EU from lifting its arms embargo on China and, if it is lifted, to protect U.S. national security interests in both Asia and Europe? Issues raised by these questions are the subject of this CRS Report.
Date: May 27, 2005
Creator: Archick, Kristin; Grimmett, Richard F. & Kan, Shirley A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Future of the Eurozone and U.S. Interests (open access)

The Future of the Eurozone and U.S. Interests

Seventeen of the European Union's 27 member states share an economic and monetary union (EMU) with the euro as a single currency. These countries are effectively referred to as the Eurozone. What has become known as the Eurozone crisis began in early 2010 when financial markets were shaken by heightened concerns that the fiscal positions of a number of Eurozone countries, beginning with Greece, were unsustainable. This report provides background information and analysis on the future of the Eurozone in six parts, including discussions on the origins and design challenges of the Eurozone, proposals to define the Eurozone crisis, possible scenarios for the future of the Eurozone, and the implications of the Eurozone crisis for U.S. economic and political interests.
Date: January 10, 2011
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J.; Jackson, James K.; Nelson, Rebecca M. & Weiss, Martin A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
European Union's Arms Control Regime and Arms Exports to China: Background and Legal Analysis (open access)

European Union's Arms Control Regime and Arms Exports to China: Background and Legal Analysis

This report provides detailed background and legal analysis of the nature of the current European Union embargo on arms exports to China. It also provides detailed background on the European Union’s current Code of Conduct on Arms Exports. A strengthened version of the Code would be one of the control mechanisms that would remain should the EU lift the embargo on arms exports to China. This report also gives information on recent EU arms exports authorized for China. It further summarizes U.S. concerns regarding the lifting of the arms embargo, and notes the prospective timing of EU action on the embargo issue.
Date: March 1, 2005
Creator: Grimmett, Richard F. & Papademetriou, Theresa
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union's Reform Process: The Lisbon Treaty (open access)

The European Union's Reform Process: The Lisbon Treaty

In December 2007, leaders of the European Union (EU) signed the Lisbon Treaty, which seeks to reform the EU's governing institutions and decisionmaking processes to enable a larger EU to operate more effectively. This new treaty represents the latest stage in a reform process begun in 2002 and essentially replaces the proposed EU "constitution" that foundered after French and Dutch voters rejected it in referendums in 2005. In June 2008, Irish voters rejected the Lisbon Treaty, and have thrown its future into doubt. This report provides background information on EU reform efforts and possible implications for U.S.-EU relations that may be of interest in the second session of the 110th Congress.
Date: July 3, 2008
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Future of the Eurozone and U.S. Interests (open access)

The Future of the Eurozone and U.S. Interests

Seventeen of the European Union's 27 member states share an economic and monetary union (EMU) with the euro as a single currency. These countries are effectively referred to as the Eurozone. What has become known as the Eurozone crisis began in early 2010 when financial markets were shaken by heightened concerns that the fiscal positions of a number of Eurozone countries, beginning with Greece, were unsustainable. This report provides background information and analysis on the future of the Eurozone in six parts, including discussions on the origins and design challenges of the Eurozone, proposals to define the Eurozone crisis, possible scenarios for the future of the Eurozone, and the implications of the Eurozone crisis for U.S. economic and political interests.
Date: January 17, 2012
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J.; Jackson, James K.; Mix, Derek E. & Nelson, Rebecca M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-EU Trade and Economic Relations: Key Policy Issues for the 112th Congress (open access)

U.S.-EU Trade and Economic Relations: Key Policy Issues for the 112th Congress

U.S. and European private stakeholders, concerned about slow growth, job creation, and increased competition from emerging economies, have urged Brussels and Washington to strengthen transatlantic trade and economic ties by reducing or eliminating remaining trade barriers and by cooperating more closely in addressing global economic challenges. A select group of these issues are examined in this report.
Date: January 18, 2012
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-EU Trade and Economic Relations: Key Policy Issues for the 112th Congress (open access)

U.S.-EU Trade and Economic Relations: Key Policy Issues for the 112th Congress

This report examines the trade relations between the United States, the European Union, and China.
Date: February 17, 2011
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union's Energy Security Challenges (open access)

The European Union's Energy Security Challenges

This report examines some of Europe's critical energy security challenges and EU efforts to coordinate a common European energy strategy. It also includes an overview of broader transatlantic energy security cooperation and will be updated as needed.
Date: January 30, 2008
Creator: Belkin, Paul
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library