A short review of the field of internal conversions. Isomeric transitions teach us many details of nuclear structure. In these studies electromagnetic theory is considered as a "tool". It is a quite quantitative tool in the case of "internal conversion" - a phenomenon which has been widely studied for many years. Internal conversion takes place in competition with γ-ray emission: a fraction of the nuclei in excited states decay by γ-ray emission, the remaining fraction by transferring the energy to K, or L, etc. electrons in the atomic shell. Thus the lifetime of an excited nuclear state depends on the internal conversion coefficient. As internal conversion must be expected to depend on the details of the electronic environment, the lifetime of an isomeric state depends on the state of chemical combination of the isomer - as was recently shown explicitly in one case, that of Te-99m(6hr.).

When deaerated solutions of KNO2 at their natural pH are irradiated with γ- or x-rays, the main initial reaction is a formation of hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide. As peroxide builds up, a radiation-induced reaction between nitrite and peroxide sets in, which results in the formation of nitrate. This reaction is slower the higher the nitrite concentration. The kinetics of the nitrite-peroxide reaction were studied in detail by the irradiation of synthetic mixtures, and the results were satisfactorily explained by a free radical mechanism. The main feature of the mechanism is a competition between H2O2 and NO2- for reaction with H atoms generated in the water. The yield for H-atom formation is found to be 2.4 per 100 ev. The initial yield of peroxide in the pure nitrite solutions is greater than the yield of hydrogen, and decreases with increasing nitrite concentration, at concentrations below 0.002M. The effect of nitrite on the initial peroxide yield is qualitatively similar to the effect of bromide reported by Sworski. In nitrite solutions containing oxygen, an immediate nitrite oxidation occurs on irradiation, with a yield which increases with increasing ratio of the concentration of nitrite to that of oxygen.

Technical report outlining the effects of chromosomal abnormalities in tetraploid Argentine flint maize pollination, and subsequent generations.

In this technical report studies on the sites in the porphyyrin moiety for the binding of vitamin B12 by serum proteins are presented. "The binding capacity of serum for radio-hydroxocobalamin is compared to that for radio-cyanocobalamin, and th effect of subsequent binding of radio-cyanocobalamin by prior addition of non-radioactive analogues and sodium cyanide are presented.

Report issued by the Brookhaven National Laboratory discussing the work conducted by the lab during the fiscal year of 1956. As stated in the introduction, "the progress and trends of the research program are presented along with a description of the operational, service, and administrative activities of the Laboratory" (p. vii). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

A strong motivation for metabolic investigations of essential metals lies with the simple fact that these elements are primordial metabolites and building blocks of living matter, a truism largely forgotten today. Among them, the metals of the first transition group display high physical and chemical flexibility: They can concomitantly coordinate natural or artificial ligands; they can regulate electron and proton transport; they can act as catalysts or as cofactors to catalysis.

Recently, we reported that the administration of the thyroid hormone, L-triiodothyronine (T3), markedly accelerated the development of experimental hypertension associated with a high-salt intake in intact rate. Earlier, Selye and his associates and Masson, Corcoran, and Page has observed a similar effect from thyroxin in uninephrectomized salt-fed rats. We were aware of the fact that oxidative phosphorylation is uncoupled by the thyroid hormone and were intrigued by the possibility that such uncoupling was instrumental in the accelerated development of the hypertension observed. The work reported here was undertaken with this possibility in mind; it was based on the well documented observation of Loomis and Lipmann that dinitrophenol reversibly inhabits oxidative phosphorylation. The present studies indicates that 2, 4-dinitrophenol, like L-triiodothyronine, can also rapidly induce hypertension in salt-fed rate. These observations have led us to develop a working hypothesis that may have general implications relative to the pathogenesis of hypertension in man.

Report issued by the Brookhaven National Laboratory discussing annual work conducted during 1961. As stated in the introduction, "the progress and trends of the research program are presented together with a description of the operational, service, and administrative activities of the Laboratory" (p. ix). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

The discussion during the summer study centered on objectives and techniques of experimentation at high center-of-mass energies using either colliding beams or super-energy accelerators Also a great deal of interest was expressed in possible increase in intensity of existing and proposed accelerators. This raised attendant questions about space-charge limits, intensity-dependent beam instabilities and residual radioactivity. Papers on these other associated topics will be found in the proceedings.

The biological effects of various doses of radiation in plants are reviewed. Data are reported from a study of the effects of gamma radiation on a terrestrial ecosystem in which oak and pine are the principal tree species. Exposure rates around a 9500-C Cs¹³⁷ source varied from several thousand r/day within a few meters to about 2 r/day at 130 m delivered during a 20-hr day. Measurements were made of changes in the populations of species which formed the ecosystem, the rates of fixation, paths of energy movement through the system, differences in radiosensitivity among the plant species, and radiation effects on host-parasite relations. Results are discussed from the standpoint of the results of contamination of the environment with radioactive debris.

Report issued by the Brookhaven National Laboratory discussing costs of power plant operations. As stated in the objective, "the objective of this study was to determine and evaluate operating and maintenance costs for nuclear power plants" (p. 1). This report includes tables, and illustrations.

The G-values for the formation of H₂ and CH₄ in the Co60 gamma radiolysis of the xylene isomers and ethylbenzene were compared. The presence of iodine does not affect GH2, but reduces GCH4 a limiting value. For p-xylene, GH2 and the unscavengeable CH₄ yield are independent of temperature from 20 to 110 deg C, whereas the total CH₄ yield increases six-fold over this range. The H₂ and CH₄ yields are greatly reduced in the solid state, and in the liquids state benzene shows a protective effect on the yields of both gases. The formation of CH₄ and C₂ -hydrocarbons was compared with the C6 -and C7 - products for p- xylene and ethylbenzene, and isomerization is shown to occur to a negligible extent. The production of high-molecular-weight products was measured for the xylenes, and is independent of dose rate and temperature for liquid p-xylene, but is decreased in the solid state. The results are qualitatively consistent with the reactions of radicals and excited molecules.

From summary: "During 1951 NDA has, at the request of ORNL, been studying the supercritical-water reactor as proposed for aircraft propulsion in Wash-24...This study has concerned itself only with the reactor and shield." The report describes the reactor and the processes involved in developing it. The goal of the development of this reactor is identified as a path to supersonic flight.

Report issued by the Brookhaven National Laboratory discussing the work conducted by the lab during the fiscal year of 1957. As stated in the introduction, "the progress and trends of the research program are presented along with a description of the operational, service, and administrative activities of the Laboratory" (p. vii). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Report issued by the Brookhaven National Laboratory discussing the work conducted by the lab during the fiscal year of 1958. As stated in the introduction, "the progress and trends of the research program are presented along with a description of the operational, service, and administrative activities of the Laboratory" (p. vii). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Report issued by the Brookhaven National Laboratory discussing the work conducted by the lab during the fiscal year of 1960. As stated in the introduction, "the progress and trends of the research program are presented together with a description of the operational, service, and administrative activities of the Laboratory" (p. vii). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Report issued by the Brookhaven National Laboratory containing conference proceedings from the first three sessions of the Symposium in Biology, held June 3-5, 1968. It includes research and papers discussing developments in the structure, function, and evolution in proteins with tables, illustrations, and photographs.