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Hanford Works Monthly Report
11
Irradiation Processing Department Monthly Record Report
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Journal of Undergraduate Research
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Fiscal Year 1994
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Fiscal Year 1993
2
LLE Review Quarterly Report
2
SNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development Annual Report
2
ACRH Semiannual Report on Medical Research
1
Brookhaven National Laboratory Annual Report
1
Fiscal Year 1967
1
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An abstract approach to music.
In this article we have outlined a formal framework for an abstract approach to music and music composition. The model is formulated in terms of objects that have attributes, obey relationships, and are subject to certain well-defined operations. The motivation for this approach uses traditional terms and concepts of music theory, but the approach itself is formal and uses the language of mathematics. The universal object is an audio wave; partials, sounds, and compositions are special objects, which are placed in a hierarchical order based on time scales. The objects have both static and dynamic attributes. When we realize a composition, we assign values to each of its attributes: a (scalar) value to a static attribute, an envelope and a size to a dynamic attribute. A composition is then a trajectory in the space of aural events, and the complex audio wave is its formal representation. Sounds are fibers in the space of aural events, from which the composer weaves the trajectory of a composition. Each sound object in turn is made up of partials, which are the elementary building blocks of any music composition. The partials evolve on the fastest time scale in the hierarchy of partials, sounds, and …
Date:
April 19, 1999
Creator:
Kaper, H. G. & Tipei, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MUSIC for localization of thunderstorm cells
Lightning represents an event detectable optically, electrically, and acoustically, and several systems are already in place to monitor such activity. Unfortunately, such detection of lightning can occur too late, since operations need to be protected in advance of the first lightning strike. Additionally, the bolt itself can traverse several kilometers before striking the ground, leaving a large region of uncertainty as to the center of the storm and its possible strike regions. NASA Kennedy Space Center has in place an array of electric field mills that monitor the (effectively) DC electric field. Prior to the first lightning strike, the surface electric fields rise as the storm generator within a thundercloud begins charging. Extending methods we developed for an analogous source localization problem in mangnetoencephalography, we present Cramer-Rao lower bounds and MUSIC scans for fitting a point-charge source model to the electric field mill data. Such techniques can allow for the identification and localization of charge centers in cloud structures.
Date:
December 31, 1993
Creator:
Mosher, J. C.; Lewis, P. S. & Rynne, T. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Interpretation of the MEG-MUSIC scan in biomagnetic source localization
MEG-Music is a new approach to MEG source localization. MEG-Music is based on a spatio-temporal source model in which the observed biomagnetic fields are generated by a small number of current dipole sources with fixed positions/orientations and varying strengths. From the spatial covariance matrix of the observed fields, a signal subspace can be identified. The rank of this subspace is equal to the number of elemental sources present. This signal sub-space is used in a projection metric that scans the three dimensional head volume. Given a perfect signal subspace estimate and a perfect forward model, the metric will peak at unity at each dipole location. In practice, the signal subspace estimate is contaminated by noise, which in turn yields MUSIC peaks which are less than unity. Previously we examined the lower bounds on localization error, independent of the choice of localization procedure. In this paper, we analyzed the effects of noise and temporal coherence on the signal subspace estimate and the resulting effects on the MEG-MUSIC peaks.
Date:
September 1, 1993
Creator:
Mosher, J. C.; Lewis, P. S. & Leahy, R. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radar Imaging of Spheres in 3D using MUSIC
We have shown that multiple spheres can be imaged by linear and planar EM arrays using only one component of polarization. The imaging approach involves calculating the SVD of the scattering response matrix, selecting a subset of singular values that represents noise, and evaluating the MUSIC functional. The noise threshold applied to the spectrum of singular values for optimal performance is typically around 1%. The resulting signal subspace includes more than one singular value per sphere. The presence of reflections from the ground improves height localization, even for a linear array parallel to the ground. However, the interference between direct and reflected energy modulates the field, creating periodic nulls that can obscure targets in typical images. These nulls are largely eliminated by normalizing the MUSIC functional with the broadside beam pattern of the array. The resulting images show excellent localization for 1 and 2 spheres. The performance for the 3 sphere configurations are complicated by shadowing effects and the greater range of the 3rd sphere in case 2. Two of the three spheres are easily located by MUSIC but the third is difficult to distinguish from other local maxima of the complex imaging functional. Improvement is seen when the linear …
Date:
January 21, 2003
Creator:
Chambers, D H & Berryman, J G
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Source localization using recursively applied and projected (RAP) MUSIC
A new method for source localization is described that is based on a modification of the well known multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. In classical MUSIC, the array manifold vector is projected onto an estimate of the signal subspace, but errors in the estimate can make location of multiple sources difficult. Recursively applied and projected (RAP) MUSIC uses each successively located source to form an intermediate array gain matrix, and projects both the array manifold and the signal subspace estimate into its orthogonal complement. The MUSIC projection is then performed in this reduced subspace. Using the metric of principal angles, the authors describe a general form of the RAP-MUSIC algorithm for the case of diversely polarized sources. Through a uniform linear array simulation, the authors demonstrate the improved Monte Carlo performance of RAP-MUSIC relative to MUSIC and two other sequential subspace methods, S and IES-MUSIC.
Date:
March 1, 1998
Creator:
Mosher, J.C. & Leahy, R.M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
DISCO: An object-oriented system for music composition and sound design
This paper describes an object-oriented approach to music composition and sound design. The approach unifies the processes of music making and instrument building by using similar logic, objects, and procedures. The composition modules use an abstract representation of musical data, which can be easily mapped onto different synthesis languages or a traditionally notated score. An abstract base class is used to derive classes on different time scales. Objects can be related to act across time scales, as well as across an entire piece, and relationships between similar objects can replicate traditional music operations or introduce new ones. The DISCO (Digital Instrument for Sonification and Composition) system is an open-ended work in progress.
Date:
September 5, 2000
Creator:
Kaper, H. G.; Tipei, S. & Wright, J. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EEG and MEG source localization using recursively applied (RAP) MUSIC
The multiple signal characterization (MUSIC) algorithm locates multiple asynchronous dipolar sources from electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. A signal subspace is estimated from the data, then the algorithm scans a single dipole model through a three-dimensional head volume and computes projections onto this subspace. To locate the sources, the user must search the head volume for local peaks in the projection metric. Here we describe a novel extension of this approach which we refer to as RAP (Recursively APplied) MUSIC. This new procedure automatically extracts the locations of the sources through a recursive use of subspace projections, which uses the metric of principal correlations as a multidimensional form of correlation analysis between the model subspace and the data subspace. The dipolar orientations, a form of `diverse polarization,` are easily extracted using the associated principal vectors.
Date:
December 31, 1996
Creator:
Mosher, J.C. & Leahy, R.M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Manifold compositions, music visualization, and scientific sonification in an immersive virtual-reality environment.
An interdisciplinary project encompassing sound synthesis, music composition, sonification, and visualization of music is facilitated by the high-performance computing capabilities and the virtual-reality environments available at Argonne National Laboratory. The paper describes the main features of the project's centerpiece, DIASS (Digital Instrument for Additive Sound Synthesis); ''A.N.L.-folds'', an equivalence class of compositions produced with DIASS; and application of DIASS in two experiments in the sonification of complex scientific data. Some of the larger issues connected with this project, such as the changing ways in which both scientists and composers perform their tasks, are briefly discussed.
Date:
January 5, 1998
Creator:
Kaper, H. G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acoustic Longitudinal Field NIF Optic Feature Detection Map Using Time-Reversal & MUSIC
We developed an ultrasonic longitudinal field time-reversal and MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) based detection algorithm for identifying and mapping flaws in fused silica NIF optics. The algorithm requires a fully multistatic data set, that is one with multiple, independently operated, spatially diverse transducers, each transmitter of which, in succession, launches a pulse into the optic and the scattered signal measured and recorded at every receiver. We have successfully localized engineered ''defects'' larger than 1 mm in an optic. We confirmed detection and localization of 3 mm and 5 mm features in experimental data, and a 0.5 mm in simulated data with sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio. We present the theory, experimental results, and simulated results.
Date:
February 9, 2006
Creator:
Lehman, S. K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MEG (Magnetoencephalography) multipolar modeling of distributed sources using RAP-MUSIC (Recursively Applied and Projected Multiple Signal Characterization)
We describe the use of truncated multipolar expansions for producing dynamic images of cortical neural activation from measurements of the magnetoencephalogram. We use a signal-subspace method to find the locations of a set of multipolar sources, each of which represents a region of activity in the cerebral cortex. Our method builds up an estimate of the sources in a recursive manner, i.e. we first search for point current dipoles, then magnetic dipoles, and finally first order multipoles. The dynamic behavior of these sources is then computed using a linear fit to the spatiotemporal data. The final step in the procedure is to map each of the multipolar sources into an equivalent distributed source on the cortical surface. The method is illustrated through an application to epileptic interictal MEG data.
Date:
January 1, 2001
Creator:
Mosher, John C.; Baillet, Sylvain; Jerbi, Karim & Leahy, Richard M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
K Reactor natural I&E goal exposure
Return can be increased on the order of $1000 to $2000 per calendar day at each K Reactor if the goal exposure for natural I & E slugs is reduced from 800 to 700 MWD/T. This gain is predicated on primarily a decrease in rupture losses. The recommended goal is a straight line on a linear graph of exposure in MWD/T versus maximum tube power in kw per tube, passing through the following two points: (850 kw/tube, 900 MWD/T); (1400 kw/tube; 490 MWD/T). In addition, I & E natural uranium charges running below 850 kw, if any, should be discharged not higher than 900 MWD/T. At a maximum tube power of 1300 kw, the recommended goal will give a weighted average exposure of about 700 MWD/T. Power at which a tube operates should be determined as recommended in HW-57937, ``Goal Exposure for Enriched I & E Material at the C and K Reactors.`` These are interim recommendations. We expect to recommend some changes in the goal, for reasons explained below. The recommended goal was calculated on the IBM-650, using an equation for return. The equation included, we believe, proper allowance for all but two factors. Principle affecting factors were included.
Date:
November 26, 1958
Creator:
Music, J. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pile power raises after Project CG-558
The document presents powers to which the piles are predicted to be limited by slug ruptures and outlines two plans for raising power after 558. These plans are coordinated in the sense that results from one area are used to make operating plans for other areas.
Date:
November 29, 1956
Creator:
Music, J. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Graphite development pile graphite technical activities report June 1952
Graphite burnout and chemical studies include: carbon dioxide - graphite reaction, controlled gas atmospheres, cyclotron irradiation, graphite - carbon dioxide - helium reaction kinetics. Physical properties studies include: hot test hole irradiation, surface studies, stored energy, physical expansion annealing. The experimental graphite program is discussed to include thermal conductivity and thermal expansion measurements. Also reported are: pile sampling, thermal conductivity of gases, irradiations in the MTR at Arco, in-pile controlled atmosphere program, heat generation in graphite, induction heater, mechanical properties programs and damage mechanism studies.
Date:
July 10, 1952
Creator:
Music, J. F. & Zuhr, H. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Technical activities report - July 1952 graphite development - pile graphite
Physical data are presented for transverse CSF samples with capsule exposures of 568, 1049, and 1617 MD/CT. The higher exposures indicate a sharper damage gradient toward the front of the pile. Additional casings of various types of graphite were loaded into test holes during this month. Average values of the thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity for several types of virgin graphites are presented. Data of this nature will be a regular portion of this report henceforth. Process tube channel 2677-H was mined and traversed for bore diameter. Although several of the tube block junctions were obscured, the channel was quite uniform. Examination of all previously mined graphite powder samples for aluminum oxide corrosion product has been completed and the results are reported.
Date:
August 11, 1952
Creator:
Music, J. F. & Zuhr, H. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Multi-University Southeast INIE Consortium
2 Project Summary: The Multi-University Southeast INIE Consortium (MUSIC) was established in response to the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Innovations in Nuclear Infrastructure and Education (INIE) program. MUSIC was established as a consortium composed of academic members and national laboratory partners. The members of MUSIC are the nuclear engineering programs and research reactors of Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT), North Carolina State University (NCSU), University of Maryland (UMD), University of South Carolina (USC), and University of Tennessee (UTK). The University of Florida (UF), and South Carolina State University (SCSU) were added to the MUSIC membership in the second year. In addition, to ensure proper coordination between the academic community and the nation’s premier research and development centers in the fields of nuclear science and engineering, MUSIC created strategic partnerships with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) including the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project and the Joint Institute for Neutron Scattering (JINS), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). A partnership was also created with the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) with the aim of utilizing their reactor in research if funding becomes available. Consequently, there are three university research reactors (URRs) within MUSIC, which are located at …
Date:
December 29, 2010
Creator:
Hawari, Ayman; Hertel, Nolan; Al-Sheikhly, Mohamed; Miller, Laurence; Bayoumi, Abdel-Moeze; Haghighat, Ali et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Formalizing the concept of sound.
The notion of formalized music implies that a musical composition can be described in mathematical terms. In this article we explore some formal aspects of music and propose a framework for an abstract approach.
Date:
August 3, 1999
Creator:
Kaper, H. G. & Tipei, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Equipment Proposal for Bevalac Experiments. Final Technical Report
A large Multiple Sampling Ionization Chamber (MUSIC) has been developed as a part of the Heavy Ion Spectrometer System (HISS). This facility is being used for the study of relativistic nuclear collisions at the Bevalac of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. We have measured for MUSIC a single event resolution of 15% for Fe beam and a charge resolution better than 0.5 units of charge for a Ne beam. These results indicate that a charge resolution of one unit from Z = 7 to Z = 100 should be achieved with the present detector.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Brady, F. P. & Romero, J. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fourth annual workshop on management in basic and applied research environments
The struggle to develop quality management concepts that ``map`` onto the cultural and work practices found in basic and applied research environments has been (for better or for worse) an attempt to differentiate basic and applied research from the nuclear industry. In the first (1990) edition of this ``Music Book`` proceedings, almost every laboratory that participated had a quality program that was traceable to, based on, influenced by, or in reaction to the nuclear quality standard ASME-NQA-1. This 1993 edition of the ``Music Book`` is very different in that almost every laboratory has developed a quality program that is based on, traceable to, or heavily influenced by DOE 5700.6C (Quality Assurance) and the DOE Standard; Implementation Guide for Quality Assurance Programs for Basic and Applied Research (DOE-ER-STD-6001-92). In order to construct a context for what follows and properly introduce the contents of this book, we want to briefly recount some of the highlights of the events that brought about this change, from the perspective of one who participated in the process.
Date:
November 1, 1993
Creator:
Bodnarczuk, M. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adsorption Mechanisms of Trivalent Gold onto Iron Oxy-Hydroxides: From the Molecular Scale to the Model
Gold is a highly valuable metal that can concentrate in iron-rich exogenetic horizons such as laterites. An improved knowledge of the retention mechanisms of gold onto highly reactive soil components such as iron oxyhydroxides is therefore needed to better understand and predict the geochemical behavior of this element. In this study, we use EXAFS information and titration experiments to provide a realistic thermochemical description of the sorption of trivalent gold onto iron oxy-hydroxides. Analysis of Au L{sub III}-edge XAFS spectra shows that aqueous Au(III) adsorbs from chloride solutions onto goethite surfaces as inner-sphere square-planar complexes (Au(III)(OH,Cl){sub 4}), with dominantly OH ligands at pH > 6 and mixed OH/Cl ligands at lower pH values. In combination with these spectroscopic results, Reverse Monte Carlo simulations were used to constraint the possible sorption sites on the surface of goethite. Based on this structural information, we calculated sorption isotherms of Au(III) on Fe oxy-hydroxides surfaces, using the CD-MUSIC (Charge Distribution--Multi Site Complexation) model. The various Au(III)-sorbed species were identified as a function of pH, and the results of these EXAFS+CD-MUSIC models are compared with titration experiments. The overall good agreement between the predicted and measured structural models shows the potential of this combined approach …
Date:
December 13, 2006
Creator:
Cances, Benjamin; Benedetti, Marc; Farges, Francois; Brown, Gordon E., Jr. & /Stanford U., Geo. Environ. Sci. /SLAC, SSRL
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Additive synthesis with DIASS-M4C on Argonne National Laboratory`s IBM POWERparallel System (SP)
DIASS-M4C, a digital additive instrument was implemented on the Argonne National Laboratory`s IBM POWER parallel System (SP). This paper discusses the need for a massively parallel supercomputer and shows how the code was parallelized. The resulting sounds and the degree of control the user can have justify the effort and the use of such a large computer.
Date:
December 31, 1995
Creator:
Kaper, H.; Ralley, D.; Restrepo, J. & Tiepei, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Statistical Stability and Time-Reversal Imgaing in Random Media
Localization of targets imbedded in a heterogeneous background medium is a common problem in seismic, ultrasonic, and electromagnetic imaging problems. The best imaging techniques make direct use of the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the array response matrix, as recent work on time-reversal acoustics has shown. Of the various imaging functionals studied, one that is representative of a preferred class is a time-domain generalization of MUSIC (MUltiple Signal Classification), which is a well-known linear subspace method normally applied only in the frequency domain. Since statistical stability is not characteristic of the frequency domain, a transform back to the time domain after first diagonalizing the array data in the frequency domain takes optimum advantage of both the time-domain stability and the frequency-domain orthogonality of the relevant eigenfunctions.
Date:
February 5, 2002
Creator:
Berryman, J; Borcea, L; Papanicolaou, G & Tsogka, C
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Of extracellular matrix, scaffolds, and signaling: Tissuearchitectureregulates development, homeostasis, and cancer
The microenvironment surrounding cells influences gene expression, such that a cell's behavior is largely determined by its interactions with the extracellular matrix, neighboring cells, and soluble cues released locally or by distant tissues. We describe the essential role of context and organ structure in directing mammary gland development and differentiated function, and in determining response to oncogenic insults including mutations. We expand on the concept of 'dynamic reciprocity' to present an integrated view of development, cancer, and aging, and posit that genes are like piano keys: while essential, it is the context that makes the music.
Date:
March 9, 2006
Creator:
Nelson, Celeste M. & Bissell, Mina J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Muon Simulation at the Daya Bay SIte
With a pretty good-resolution mountain profile, we simulated the underground muon background at the Daya Bay site. To get the sea-level muon flux parameterization, a modification to the standard Gaisser's formula was introduced according to the world muon data. MUSIC code was used to transport muon through the mountain rock. To deploy the simulation, first we generate a statistic sample of sea-level muon events according to the sea-level muon flux distribution formula; then calculate the slant depth of muon passing through the mountain using an interpolation method based on the digitized data of the mountain; finally transport muons through rock to get underground muon sample, from which we can get results of muon flux, mean energy, energy distribution and angular distribution.
Date:
May 23, 2006
Creator:
Mengyun, Guan; Jun, Cao; Changgen, Yang; Yaxuan, Sun & Luk, Kam-Biu
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electromagnetic imaging of dynamic brain activity
Neural activity in the brain produces weak dynamic electromagnetic fields that can be measured by an array of sensors. Using a spatio-temporal modeling framework, we have developed a new approach to localization of multiple neural sources. This approach is based on the MUSIC algorithm originally developed for estimating the direction of arrival of signals impinging on a sensor array. We present applications of this technique to magnetic field measurements of a phantom and of a human evoked somatosensory response. The results of the somatosensory localization are mapped onto the brain anatomy obtained from magnetic resonance images.
Date:
December 31, 1991
Creator:
Mosher, J.; Leahy, R.; Lewis, P.; Lewine, J.; George, J. & Singh, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library