A Resource Assessment Of Geothermal Energy Resources For Converting Deep Gas Wells In Carbonate Strata Into Geothermal Extraction Wells: A Permian Basin Evaluation (open access)

A Resource Assessment Of Geothermal Energy Resources For Converting Deep Gas Wells In Carbonate Strata Into Geothermal Extraction Wells: A Permian Basin Evaluation

Previously conducted preliminary investigations within the deep Delaware and Val Verde sub-basins of the Permian Basin complex documented bottom hole temperatures from oil and gas wells that reach the 120-180C temperature range, and occasionally beyond. With large abundances of subsurface brine water, and known porosity and permeability, the deep carbonate strata of the region possess a good potential for future geothermal power development. This work was designed as a 3-year project to investigate a new, undeveloped geographic region for establishing geothermal energy production focused on electric power generation. Identifying optimum geologic and geographic sites for converting depleted deep gas wells and fields within a carbonate environment into geothermal energy extraction wells was part of the project goals. The importance of this work was to affect the three factors limiting the expansion of geothermal development: distribution, field size and accompanying resource availability, and cost. Historically, power production from geothermal energy has been relegated to shallow heat plumes near active volcanic or geyser activity, or in areas where volcanic rocks still retain heat from their formation. Thus geothermal development is spatially variable and site specific. Additionally, existing geothermal fields are only a few 10’s of square km in size, controlled by the …
Date: October 12, 2006
Creator: Erdlac, Richard J., Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Mineral Revenues: Data Management Problems and Reliance on Self-Reported Data for Compliance Efforts Put MMS Royalty Collections at Risk (open access)

Mineral Revenues: Data Management Problems and Reliance on Self-Reported Data for Compliance Efforts Put MMS Royalty Collections at Risk

Correspondence issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Department of the Interior's (Interior) Minerals Management Service (MMS) collected the equivalent of over $9 billion in oil and gas royalties in fiscal year 2007, more than $5 billion of which it deposited in the U.S. Treasury; it dispersed the remaining approximately $4 billion to other federal, state, and tribal accounts. These royalties--payments made to the federal government for the right to produce oil and gas from federal lands and waters--represent one of the country's largest nontax sources of revenue. The amount of oil and gas royalties MMS collects may increase if the price of energy increases and industry's demand to drill on lands and in waters controlled by the federal government continues to trend upward. Companies that develop and produce oil and gas resources from federal lands and waters do so under leases obtained from and administered by Interior--BLM for onshore leases and MMS's OEMM for offshore leases. Together, BLM and OEMM are responsible for ongoing oversight of oil and gas operations on more than 28,000 producing leases to help ensure that oil and gas companies comply with applicable laws, regulations, and agency policies. Among other …
Date: September 12, 2008
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Statistical Comparison of Gross Alpha and Radium Measurement Between Background and Point of Compliance (POC) Wells at the SRS Sanitary Landfill (SLF) (open access)

Statistical Comparison of Gross Alpha and Radium Measurement Between Background and Point of Compliance (POC) Wells at the SRS Sanitary Landfill (SLF)

Statistical analyses were performed on groundwater monitoring data obtained for gross alpha, radium 226, and 228 from the SRS Sanitary Landfill (SLF). Several inference tests were performed using the prescribed statistical methods of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Part B Permit regulations (US EPA 1992). Test results show that the LFW 29R, LFW 57B and LFW 62B wells have significantly elevated concentrations of all three radiological constituents above background. However, isotopic ratios of Ra228 to Ra226 are consistent with naturally occurring concentrations of each. In addition, corresponding pH data for these same three wells suggests that acidic conditions may have effected a mobilization of naturally occurring radium from the soils associated with the SLF. In fact, there is a statistically significant and negative correlation between gross alpha, Ra226, and Ra228 measurements vs pH.
Date: July 12, 2004
Creator: TUCKFIELD, RICHARD
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Results of Tritium Tracking and Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site 200 Area State-Approved Land Disposal Site--Fiscal Year 2001 (open access)

Results of Tritium Tracking and Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site 200 Area State-Approved Land Disposal Site--Fiscal Year 2001

The Hanford Site 200 Area Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) processes contaminated liquids derived from Hanford Site facilities. The clean water generated by these processes is occasionally enriched in tritium, and is discharged to the 200 Area State Approved Land Disposal Site (SALDS). Groundwater monitoring for tritium and other constituents is required by the state-issued permit at 22 wells surrounding the facility. During FY 2001, tritium activities in the SALDS proximal well 699-48-77A increased (maximum 670,000 pCi/L) as a result of the resumption of tritium disposal in September 2000, following a 16-month hiatus in significant tritium discharges. Well 699-48-77C, where tritium results reached a maximum value of 980,000 pCi/L, is reflecting the result of the delayed penetration of effluent deeper into the aquifer from 1999 SALDS tritium discharges. Speculation in FY 2000 (Barnett 2000b) that tritium may have reached two wells due south of the facility is probably premature. FY 2001 results indicate no departures from historical levels of tritium in these wells.
Date: October 12, 2001
Creator: Barnett, D. Brent & Rieger, Joanne T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Results of Tritium Tracking and Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site 200 Area State-Approved Land Disposal Site--Fiscal Year 2001 (open access)

Results of Tritium Tracking and Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site 200 Area State-Approved Land Disposal Site--Fiscal Year 2001

The Hanford Site 200 Area Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) processes contaminated liquids derived from Hanford Site facilities. The clean water generated by these processes is occasionally enriched in tritium, and is discharged to the 200 Area State Approved Land Disposal Site (SALDS). Groundwater monitoring for tritium and other constituents is required by the state-issued permit at 22 wells surrounding the facility. During FY 2001, tritium activities in the SALDS proximal well 699-48-77A increased (maximum 670,000 pCi/L) as a result of the resumption of tritium disposal in September 2000, following a 16-month hiatus in significant tritium discharges. Well 699-48-77C, where tritium results reached a maximum value of 980,000 pCi/L, is reflecting the result of the delayed penetration of effluent deeper into the aquifer from 1999 SALDS tritium discharges. Speculation in FY 2000 (Barnett 2000b) that tritium may have reached two wells due south of the facility is probably premature. FY 2001 results indicate no departures from historical levels of tritium in these wells.
Date: October 12, 2001
Creator: Barnett, Brent & Rieger, Joanne T
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Statistical Analysis of Elevated Radium and Gross Alpha Measurement in the Sanitary Landfill (open access)

Statistical Analysis of Elevated Radium and Gross Alpha Measurement in the Sanitary Landfill

In 2002, radium 226 and 228 measurements elevated above the 5 pCi/L groundwater protection standard (GWPS) and gross alpha measurements above the 15 pCi/L GWPS were noticed in several groundwater monitoring wells at the SRS Sanitary Landfill. An additional four quarters of confirmatory measurements for Ra in the SLF groundwater were taken during 2003 as directed by the SC Department of Health and Environmental Control. Elevated radium concentrations in groundwater of the Aiken County area are a common occurrence. Price and Michel (1990) compiled radium concentrations in drinking water wells of this area and showed several instances of the concentrations exceeding the regulatory limit. Ra226 is an alpha emitter and contributes much of the natural alpha radioactivity found in uncontaminated groundwater. Thus, the elevated radium concentrations are usually accompanied by elevated gross alpha concentrations. Appendix A2 indicates that this is the case at the SLF where Ra226 accounts for almost all elevated gross alpha.
Date: April 12, 2004
Creator: Tuckfield, Richard
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
100-D Area In Situ Redox Treatability Test for Chromate-Contaminated Groundwater (open access)

100-D Area In Situ Redox Treatability Test for Chromate-Contaminated Groundwater

A treatability test was conducted for the In Situ Redox Manipulation (ISRM) technology at the 100 D Area of the U. S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. The target contaminant was dissolved chromate in groundwater. The ISRM technology creates a permeable subsurface treatment zone to reduce mobile chromate in groundwater to an insoluble form. The ISRM permeable treatment zone is created by reducing ferric iron to ferrous iron within the aquifer sediments, which is accomplished by injecting aqueous sodium dithionite into the aquifer and then withdrawing the reaction products. The goal of the treatability test was to create a linear ISRM barrier by injecting sodium dithionite into five wells. Well installation and site characterization activities began in spring 1997; the first dithionite injection took place in September 1997. The results of this first injection were monitored through the spring of 1998. The remaining four dithionite injections were carried out in May through July of 1998.These five injections created a reduced zone in the Hanford unconfined aquifer approximately 150 feet in length (perpendicular to groundwater flow) and 50 feet wide. The reduced zone extended over the thickness of the unconfined zone. Analysis of post-emplacement groundwater samples showed concentrations of chromate, in …
Date: October 12, 2000
Creator: Williams, Mark D.; Vermeul, Vincent R.; Szecsody, James E. & Fruchter, Jonathan S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hanford Site Groundwater Monitoring for Fiscal Year 2003 (open access)

Hanford Site Groundwater Monitoring for Fiscal Year 2003

This report presents the results of groundwater and vadose zone monitoring and remediation for fiscal year 2003 (October 2002 through September 2003) on the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site, Washington. The most extensive contaminant plumes in groundwater are tritium, iodine-129, and nitrate, which all had multiple sources and are very mobile in groundwater. The largest portions of these plumes are migrating from the central Hanford Site to the southeast, toward the Columbia River. Concentrations of tritium, nitrate, and some other contaminants continued to exceed drinking water standards in groundwater discharging to the river in some locations. However, contaminant concentrations in river water remained low and were far below standards. Carbon tetrachloride and associated organic constituents form a relatively large plume beneath the central part of the Hanford Site. Hexavalent chromium is present in smaller plumes beneath the reactor areas along the river and beneath the central part of the site. Strontium-90 exceeds standards beneath all but one of the reactor areas, and technetium-99 and uranium are present in the 200 Areas. Uranium exceeds standards in the 300 Area in the south part of the Hanford Site. Minor contaminant plumes with concentrations greater than standards include carbon-14, cesium-137, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, cyanide, …
Date: April 12, 2004
Creator: Hartman, Mary J.; Morasch, Launa F. & Webber, William D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 157, No. 8, Ed. 1 Wednesday, April 12, 2006 (open access)

Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 157, No. 8, Ed. 1 Wednesday, April 12, 2006

Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: April 12, 2006
Creator: Whitehead, Marie
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 159, No. 3, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 12, 2008 (open access)

Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 159, No. 3, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 12, 2008

Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: March 12, 2008
Creator: Whitehead, Marie
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 158, No. 29, Ed. 1 Wednesday, September 12, 2007 (open access)

Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 158, No. 29, Ed. 1 Wednesday, September 12, 2007

Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: September 12, 2007
Creator: Whitehead, Marie
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 158, No. 42, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 12, 2007 (open access)

Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 158, No. 42, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 12, 2007

Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: December 12, 2007
Creator: Whitehead, Marie
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
INTELLIGENT COMPUTING SYSTEM FOR RESERVOIR ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE RED RIVER FORMATION (open access)

INTELLIGENT COMPUTING SYSTEM FOR RESERVOIR ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE RED RIVER FORMATION

Integrated software has been written that comprises the tool kit for the Intelligent Computing System (ICS). The software tools in ICS have been developed for characterization of reservoir properties and evaluation of hydrocarbon potential using a combination of inter-disciplinary data sources such as geophysical, geologic and engineering variables. The ICS tools provide a means for logical and consistent reservoir characterization and oil reserve estimates. The tools can be broadly characterized as (1) clustering tools, (2) neural solvers, (3) multiple-linear regression, (4) entrapment-potential calculator and (5) file utility tools. ICS tools are extremely flexible in their approach and use, and applicable to most geologic settings. The tools are primarily designed to correlate relationships between seismic information and engineering and geologic data obtained from wells, and to convert or translate seismic information into engineering and geologic terms or units. It is also possible to apply ICS in a simple framework that may include reservoir characterization using only engineering, seismic, or geologic data in the analysis. ICS tools were developed and tested using geophysical, geologic and engineering data obtained from an exploitation and development project involving the Red River Formation in Bowman County, North Dakota and Harding County, South Dakota. Data obtained from …
Date: November 12, 2003
Creator: Sippel, Mark A.; Carrigan, William C.; Luff, Kenneth D. & Canter, Lyn
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Calcite Precipitation and Trace Metal Partitioning in Groundwater and the Vadose Zone: Remediation of Strontium-90 and Other Divalent Metals and Radionuclides in Arid Western Environments (open access)

Calcite Precipitation and Trace Metal Partitioning in Groundwater and the Vadose Zone: Remediation of Strontium-90 and Other Divalent Metals and Radionuclides in Arid Western Environments

In situ remediation is an emerging technology that will play an important role in DOE's environmental restoration program, and is an area where enhancement in fundamental understanding will lead to significantly improved cleanup tools. In situ remediation technologies have inherent advantages because they do not require the costly removal, transport, and disposal of contamination. In addition, these technologies minimize worker exposure because contaminated materials are not brought to the surface. Finally, these technologies will minimize the generation of secondary waste streams with their associated treatment and disposal. A particularly promising in situ remediation technology is bioremediation. For inorganic contaminants such as radionuclides and metals, in situ bioremediation can be used to alter the mobility or reduce the toxicity of radionuclides and metals by changing the valence state of the radionuclides and metals, degrading or producing complexing ligands, or facilitating partitioning on to or off of solid phases. The purpose of the research presented here was to explore microbially facilitated partitioning of metal and radionuclides by their co-precipitation with calcium carbonate. Although this approach is a very attractive cleanup alternative, its practical implementation requires improved scientific understanding of the geochemical and biological mechanisms involved, particularly with respect to rates and mechanisms …
Date: April 12, 2003
Creator: Ferris, F. Grant
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Weatherford Democrat (Weatherford, Tex.), Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 12, 2003 (open access)

The Weatherford Democrat (Weatherford, Tex.), Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 12, 2003

Daily newspaper from Weatherford, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: November 12, 2003
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The University News (Irving, Tex.), Vol. 38, No. 15, Ed. 1 Tuesday, February 12, 2008 (open access)

The University News (Irving, Tex.), Vol. 38, No. 15, Ed. 1 Tuesday, February 12, 2008

Weekly student newspaper from the University of Dallas in Irving, Texas that includes campus news and commentaries along with advertising.
Date: February 12, 2008
Creator: Crotty, Sarah
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Archer County News (Archer City, Tex.), No. 41, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 12, 2000 (open access)

Archer County News (Archer City, Tex.), No. 41, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 12, 2000

Weekly newspaper from Archer City, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: October 12, 2000
Creator: Lewis, Shelley
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Brady Standard-Herald and Heart O' Texas News (Brady, Tex.), Ed. 1 Friday, July 12, 2002 (open access)

Brady Standard-Herald and Heart O' Texas News (Brady, Tex.), Ed. 1 Friday, July 12, 2002

Semiweekly newspaper from Brady, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: July 12, 2002
Creator: Stewart, James E.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Clifton Record (Clifton, Tex.), Vol. 110, No. 32, Ed. 1 Friday, August 12, 2005 (open access)

The Clifton Record (Clifton, Tex.), Vol. 110, No. 32, Ed. 1 Friday, August 12, 2005

Weekly newspaper from Clifton, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 12, 2005
Creator: Smith, W. Leon
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Comanche Chief (Comanche, Tex.), No. 41, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 12, 2004 (open access)

Comanche Chief (Comanche, Tex.), No. 41, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 12, 2004

Weekly newspaper from Comanche, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 12, 2004
Creator: Wilkerson, James C., III
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 91, No. 9, Ed. 1 Tuesday, September 12, 2006 (open access)

North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 91, No. 9, Ed. 1 Tuesday, September 12, 2006

Daily student newspaper from the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date: September 12, 2006
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Comanche Chief (Comanche, Tex.), No. 2, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 12, 2005 (open access)

Comanche Chief (Comanche, Tex.), No. 2, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 12, 2005

Weekly newspaper from Comanche, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: May 12, 2005
Creator: Wilkerson, James C., III
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 133, No. 42, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 12, 2009 (open access)

The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 133, No. 42, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 12, 2009

Weekly newspaper from Albany, Texas that includes local, county, and state news along with extensive advertising.
Date: March 12, 2009
Creator: Lucas, Melinda L.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Archer County News (Archer City, Tex.), No. 15, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 12, 2007 (open access)

Archer County News (Archer City, Tex.), No. 15, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 12, 2007

Weekly newspaper from Archer City, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: April 12, 2007
Creator: Lewis, Shelley
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History