Article presents research where friction stir additive manufacturing technique was employed to fabricate AZ31B magnesium-hydroxyapatite composite. The study aims to evaluate effect of hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆OH₂), a ceramic similar to natural bone, into AZ31B Mg alloy matrix on biomineralization and biocompatibility.

Article covers the emerging trends of pharmacologic therapies for osteoarthritis (OA) such as traditional OA drugs (acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), intra-articular injections of corticosteroids, and dietary supplements), which are effective in pain relief but not in reversing damage, and are frequently associated with adverse events.

Authors of the article state that in the first step of their experiment, the sorption was investigated using La(III) ions before testing for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from pretreated industrial acidic leachate. They infer that phosphonate groups participate in the sorption, and that the most effective sorption is at pH = 4.