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Texas Attorney General Opinion: JM-1221
Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Division of taxing authority over certain severed mineral interests between two contiguous underground water conservation districts (RQ-1927), (RQ-1983)
Date:
September 14, 1990
Creator:
Texas. Attorney-General's Office.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Interaction of cold-water aquifers with exploited reservoirs of the Cerro Prieto geothermal system
Cerro Prieto geothermal reservoirs tend to exhibit good hydraulic communication with adjacent cool groundwater aquifers. Under natural state conditions the hot fluids mix with the surrounding colder waters along the margins of the geothermal system, or discharge to shallow levels by flowing up fault L. In response to exploitation reservoir pressures decrease, leading to changes in the fluid flow pattern in the system and to groundwater influx. The various Cerro Prieto reservoirs have responded differently to production, showing localized near-well or generalized boiling, depending on their access to cool-water recharge. Significant cooling by dilution with groundwater has only been observed in wells located near the edges of the field. In general, entry of cool water at Cerro Prieto is beneficial because it tends to maintain reservoir pressures, restrict boiling, and lengthen the life and productivity of wells. 15 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
April 1, 1990
Creator:
Truesdell, A.H. (Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA (USA)) & Lippmann, M.J. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (USA))
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geologic characterization of tight gas reservoirs
The objectives of US Geological Survey (USGS) work during FY 89 were to conduct geologic research characterizing tight gas-bearing sandstone reservoirs and their resources in the western United States. Our research has been regional in scope but, in some basins, our investigations have focused on single wells or small areas containing several wells where a large amount of data is available. The investigations, include structure, stratigraphy, petrography, x-ray mineralogy, source-rock evaluation, formation pressure and temperature, borehole geophysics, thermal maturity mapping, fission-track age dating, fluid-inclusion thermometry, and isotopic geochemistry. The objectives of these investigations are to provide geologic models that can be compared and utilized in tight gas-bearing sequences elsewhere. Nearly all of our work during FY 89 was devoted to developing a computer-based system for the Uinta basin and collecting, analyzing, and storage of data. The data base, when completed will contain various types of stratigraphic, organic chemistry, petrographic, production, engineering, and other information that relate to the petroleum geology of the Uinta basin, and in particular, to the tight gas-bearing strata. 16 refs., 3 figs.
Date:
December 1, 1990
Creator:
Law, B.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The extraction of bitumen from western tar sands. Annual report
Topics discussed include: characterization of bitumen impregnated sandstone, water based tar sand separation technology, electrophoretic characterization of bitumen and fine mineral particles, bitumen and tar sand slurry viscosity, the hot water digestion-flotation process, electric field use on breaking water-in-oil emulsions, upgrading of bitumens and bitumen-derived liquids, solvent extraction.
Date:
July 1990
Creator:
Oblad, A. G.; Bunger, J. W.; Deo, M. D.; Hanson, F. V.; Miller, J. D. & Seader, J. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of geophysical methods for fracture characterization
One of the most crucial needs in the design and implementation of an underground waste isolation facility is a reliable method for the detection and characterization of fractures in zones away from boreholes or subsurface workings. Geophysical methods may represent a solution to this problem. If fractures represent anomalies in the elastic properties or conductive properties of the rocks, then the seismic and electrical techniques may be useful in detecting and characterizing fracture properties. 7 refs., 3 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Lee, K. H.; Majer, E. L.; McEvilly, T. V. & Morrison, H. F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A strategy for the derivation and use of sorption coefficients in performance assessment calculations for the Yucca Mountain site
The chemical interactions of dissolved radionuclides with mineral surfaces along flowpaths from the proposed repository to the accessible environment around Yucca Mountain constitute one of the potential barriers to radionuclide migration at the site. Our limited understanding of these interactions suggests their details will be complex and will involve control by numerous chemical and physical parameters. It appears unlikely that we will understand all the details of these reactions or obtain all the site data required to evaluate each of them in the time available for site characterization. Yet, performance assessment calculations will require some form of coupling of chemical interaction models will hydrologic flow models for the site. Clearly, strategies will be needed to bound the problem without compromising the reliability of the performance assessment calculations required for site suitability analysis. The main purpose of this paper is to describe such a strategy. 39 refs., 7 figs., 5 tabs.
Date:
December 31, 1990
Creator:
Meijer, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The extraction of bitumen from western tar sands
Topics discussed include: characterization of bitumen impregnated sandstone, water based tar sand separation technology, electrophoretic characterization of bitumen and fine mineral particles, bitumen and tar sand slurry viscosity, the hot water digestion-flotation process, electric field use on breaking water-in-oil emulsions, upgrading of bitumens and bitumen-derived liquids, solvent extraction.
Date:
July 1, 1990
Creator:
Oblad, A. G.; Bunger, J. W.; Deo, M. D.; Hanson, F. V.; Miller, J. D. & Seader, J. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reactive Chemical Transport in Ground-Water Hydrology: Challenges to Mathematical Modeling
For a long time, earth scientists have qualitatively recognized that mineral assemblages in soils and rocks conform to established principles of chemistry. In the early 1960's geochemists began systematizing this knowledge by developing quantitative thermodynamic models based on equilibrium considerations. These models have since been coupled with advective-dispersive-diffusive transport models, already developed by ground-water hydrologists. Spurred by a need for handling difficult environmental issues related to ground-water contamination, these models are being improved, refined and applied to realistic problems of interest. There is little doubt that these models will play an important role in solving important problems of engineering as well as science over the coming years. Even as these models are being used practically, there is scope for their improvement and many challenges lie ahead. In addition to improving the conceptual basis of the governing equations, much remains to be done to incorporate kinetic processes and biological mediation into extant chemical equilibrium models. Much also remains to be learned about the limits to which model predictability can be reasonably taken. The purpose of this paper is to broadly assess the current status of knowledge in modeling reactive chemical transport and to identify the challenges that lie ahead.
Date:
July 1, 1990
Creator:
Narasimhan, T. N. & Apps, J. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hot Dry Rock; Geothermal Energy
The commercial utilization of geothermal energy forms the basis of the largest renewable energy industry in the world. More than 5000 Mw of electrical power are currently in production from approximately 210 plants and 10 000 Mw thermal are used in direct use processes. The majority of these systems are located in the well defined geothermal generally associated with crustal plate boundaries or hot spots. The essential requirements of high subsurface temperature with huge volumes of exploitable fluids, coupled to environmental and market factors, limit the choice of suitable sites significantly. The Hot Dry Rock (HDR) concept at any depth originally offered a dream of unlimited expansion for the geothermal industry by relaxing the location constraints by drilling deep enough to reach adequate temperatures. Now, after 20 years intensive work by international teams and expenditures of more than $250 million, it is vital to review the position of HDR in relation to the established geothermal industry. The HDR resource is merely a body of rock at elevated temperatures with insufficient fluids in place to enable the heat to be extracted without the need for injection wells. All of the major field experiments in HDR have shown that the natural fracture …
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Establishment of an oil and gas database for increased recovery and characterization of oil and gas carbonate reservoir heterogeneity
The objectives of this project are to augment the National Reservoir Database (TORIS database) and to increase our understanding of geologic heterogeneities that affect the recoveries of oil and gas from carbonate reservoirs in the State of Alabama and to identify those resources that are producible at moderate cost. These objectives will be achieved through detailed geological, engineering, and geostatistical characterization of typical Jurassic Smackover Formation hydrocarbon reservoirs in selected productive fields in the State of Alabama. The results of these studies will be used to develop and test mathematical models for prediction of the effects of reservoir heterogeneities in hydrocarbon production. Work to date has focused on the completion of Subtasks 1, 2, and 3. Subtask 1 included the survey and tabulation of available reservoir engineering and geological data relevant to the Smackover reservoir in southwestern Alabama. Subtask 2 comprises the geological and engineering characterization of Smackover reservoir lithofacies. This has been accomplished through detailed examination and analysis of geophysical well logs, core material, well cuttings, and well-test data from wells penetrating Smackover reservoirs in southwestern Alabama. From these data, reservoir heterogeneities, such as lateral and vertical changes in lithology, porosity, permeability, and diagenetic overprint, have been recognized and …
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Mancini, Ernest A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Screening criteria for microbial for processes
The National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research (NIPER) has maintained a microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) field project data base since 1985. One of the major goals of this data base is to continue to document characteristics of reservoirs used for MEOR field projects and to assist the US Department of Energy by revising published screening criteria for MEOR processes. Since the last update of this data base in 1987, the number of MEOR field projects entered has increased from 39 to 65. Microbial EOR has been recognized as a potentially cost-effective method, particularly for stripper well production. Stripper wells are particularly in need of cost-effective EOR because independent operators produce about 40% of the total oil recovered, but cannot conduct needed EOR research. Microbial methods for improving oil recovery are potentially cost-effective and particularly well suited to be applied in today's economic climate. The lower price of crude oil as well as a more general acceptance of use of biotechnological processes has probably contributed to this increase. Although in some instances information was unavailable or not reported for each element of the data base, there exists adequate data to demonstrate both the viability and variety of options for …
Date:
December 1, 1990
Creator:
Bryant, R.S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Selenium speciation in ground water. Quarterly report
Selenium toxicity diseases in animals may occur when the intake exceeds 4 mg/kg and selenium deficiency symptoms may occur when dietary intake is less than 0.04 mg/kg. Since the selenium dietary requirement is very close to toxic concentration, it is important to understand the distribution of selenium in the environment. Selenium occurs in four oxidation states (-II, 0, +IV, and +VI) as selenide, elemental selenium, selenite and selenate. Selenate is reported as more soluble and less adsorbed than selenite. Selenate is more easily leached from soils and is the most available form for plants. Increased mobility of Se into the environment via anthropogenic activities, and the potential oxidation-reduction behavior of the element have made it imperative to study the aquatic chemistry of Se. For this purpose, Se species are divided into two different categories: dissolved Se (in material that passes through filters with 0.45 u openings) and particulate Se (in material of particle size > 0.45 mm) typically suspended sediment and other suspended solids. Element and colloidal phase, not truly dissolved, but passing through the filter is deemed to consist of selenium (-2,0). In dissolved state selenium may exist in three of its four oxidation states; Se(-II), Se(+IV), and Se(+VI). …
Date:
July 10, 1990
Creator:
Atalay, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Selenium speciation in ground water
Selenium toxicity diseases in animals may occur when the intake exceeds 4 mg/kg and selenium deficiency symptoms may occur when dietary intake is less than 0.04 mg/kg. Since the selenium dietary requirement is very close to toxic concentration, it is important to understand the distribution of selenium in the environment. Selenium occurs in four oxidation states (-II, 0, +IV, and +VI) as selenide, elemental selenium, selenite and selenate. Selenate is reported as more soluble and less adsorbed than selenite. Selenate is more easily leached from soils and is the most available form for plants. Increased mobility of Se into the environment via anthropogenic activities, and the potential oxidation-reduction behavior of the element have made it imperative to study the aquatic chemistry of Se. For this purpose, Se species are divided into two different categories: dissolved Se (in material that passes through filters with 0.45 u openings) and particulate Se (in material of particle size > 0.45 mm) typically suspended sediment and other suspended solids. Element and colloidal phase, not truly dissolved, but passing through the filter is deemed to consist of selenium (-2,0). In dissolved state selenium may exist in three of its four oxidation states; Se(-II), Se(+IV), and Se(+VI). …
Date:
July 10, 1990
Creator:
Atalay, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of in-situ oil-shale retorting on water quality near Rock Springs, Wyoming, Volume 1
Experimental in-situ retorting techniques (methods of extracting shale oil without mining) were used from 1969 to 1979 by the Department of Energy's (DOE) Laramie Energy Technology Center (LETC) at a test area near Rock Springs in southwestern Wyoming. The retorting experiments at site 9 have produced elevated concentrations of some contaminants in the ground water. During 1988 and 1989, the US Geological Survey, in cooperation with the US Department of Energy, conducted a site characterization study to evaluate the chemical contamination of ground water at the site. Water samples from 34 wells were analyzed; more than 70 identifiable organic compounds were detected using a combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analytical methods. This report provides information that can be used to evaluate possible remedial action for the site. Remediation techniques that may be applicable include those techniques based on removing the contaminants from the aquifer and those based on immobilizing the contaminants. Before a technique is selected, the risks associated with the remedial action (including the no-action alternative) need to be assessed, and the criteria to be used for decisions regarding aquifer restoration need to be defined. 31 refs., 23 figs., 9 tabs.
Date:
December 1, 1990
Creator:
Lindner-Lunsford, J.B.; Eddy, C.A.; Plafcan, M. & Lowham, H.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Natural radioactivity in ground water near the Savannah River Site
A study of natural radioactivity in groundwater on and adjacent to the Savannah River Site (SRS) in Aiken (SC) was conducted to determine the spatial and temporal variations in the concentration of specific radionuclides. All available measurements for gross alpha particle activity, gross beta activity, uranium, Ra-226, Ra-228, and radon were collated. Relatively few radionuclide-specific results were found. Twenty samples from drinking water supplies in the area were collected in October 1987 and analyzed for U-238, U-234, Ra-226, Ra-228, and Rn-222. The aquifer type for each public water supply system was determined, and statistical analyses were conducted to detect differences among aquifer types and geographic areas defined at the country level. For samples from the public water wells and distribution systems on and adjacent to the site, most of the gross alpha particle activity could be attributed to Ra-226. Aquifer type was an important factor in determining the level of radioactivity in groundwater. The distribution and geochemical factors affecting the distribution of each radionuclide for the different aquifer types are discussed in detail. Statistical analyses were also run to test for aerial differences, among counties and the site. For all types of measurements, there were no differences in the distribution …
Date:
August 1, 1990
Creator:
Price, V. Jr. (Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC (USA)) & Michel, J. (Research Planning Inst., Inc., Columbia, SC (USA))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Slipstream, Volume 28, Number 2, February 1990
Monthly magazine published by the Maverick Region of the Porsche Club of America containing stories related to the organization or of interest to the group's members including news, upcoming and past events, other feature articles, and classified advertisements.
Date:
February 1990
Creator:
Porsche Club of America. Maverick Region.
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Slipstream, Volume 28, Number 5, May 1990
Monthly magazine published by the Maverick Region of the Porsche Club of America containing stories related to the organization or of interest to the group's members including news, upcoming and past events, other feature articles, and classified advertisements.
Date:
May 1990
Creator:
Porsche Club of America. Maverick Region.
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Weatherford Coyote (Weatherford, Tex.), Ed. 1 Sunday, April 1, 1990
School newspaper from Weatherford College in Weatherford, Texas that includes news of interest to students, staff, and alumni along with advertising.
Date:
April 1, 1990
Creator:
Weatherford College
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Slipstream, Volume 28, Number 6, June 1990
Monthly magazine published by the Maverick Region of the Porsche Club of America containing stories related to the organization or of interest to the group's members including news, upcoming and past events, other feature articles, and classified advertisements.
Date:
June 1990
Creator:
Porsche Club of America. Maverick Region.
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Slipstream, Volume 28, Number 4, April 1990
Monthly magazine published by the Maverick Region of the Porsche Club of America containing stories related to the organization or of interest to the group's members including news, upcoming and past events, other feature articles, and classified advertisements.
Date:
April 1990
Creator:
Porsche Club of America. Maverick Region.
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Jacksboro Gazette-News (Jacksboro, Tex.), Vol. 110, No. 22, Ed. 1 Monday, October 1, 1990
Weekly newspaper from Jacksboro, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
October 1, 1990
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Slipstream, Volume 28, Number 7, July 1990
Monthly magazine published by the Maverick Region of the Porsche Club of America containing stories related to the organization or of interest to the group's members including news, upcoming and past events, other feature articles, and classified advertisements.
Date:
July 1990
Creator:
Porsche Club of America. Maverick Region.
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Jacksboro Gazette-News (Jacksboro, Tex.), Vol. 110, No. 21, Ed. 1 Monday, September 24, 1990
Weekly newspaper from Jacksboro, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
September 24, 1990
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Jacksboro Gazette-News (Jacksboro, Tex.), Vol. 110, No. 9, Ed. 1 Monday, July 2, 1990
Weekly newspaper from Jacksboro, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
July 2, 1990
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History