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Heavy oil reservoirs recoverable by thermal technology. Annual report
The purpose of this study was to compile data on reservoirs that contain heavy oil in the 8 to 25/sup 0/ API gravity range, contain at least ten million barrels of oil currently in place, and are non-carbonate in lithology. The reservoirs within these constraints were then analyzed in light of applicable recovery technology, either steam-drive or in situ combustion, and then ranked hierarchically as candidate reservoirs. The study is presented in three volumes. Volume I presents the project background and approach, the screening analysis, ranking criteria, and listing of candidate reservoirs. The economic and environmental aspects of heavy oil recovery are included in appendices to this volume. This study provides an extensive basis for heavy oil development, but should be extended to include carbonate reservoirs and tar sands. It is imperative to look at heavy oil reservoirs and projects on an individual basis; it was discovered that operators, and industrial and government analysts will lump heavy oil reservoirs as poor producers, however, it was found that upon detailed analysis, a large number, so categorized, were producing very well. A study also should be conducted on abandoned reservoirs. To utilize heavy oil, refiners will have to add various unit operations …
Date:
February 1, 1981
Creator:
Kujawa, P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Atlas of Coal/Minerals and Important Resource Problem Areas for Fish and Wildlife in the Conterminous United States
This atlas highlights areas in the conterminous United States of potential concern involving coal and minerals development activities and fish and wildlife resources, in particular the Important Resource Problem Areas (IRPs) designated in 1980 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) as areas of emphasis in policy making.
Date:
July 1981
Creator:
Honig, Robert A.; Olson, R. J. & Mason, William T., Jr.
Object Type:
Map
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Groundwater prospecting for sandstone-type uranium deposits: the merits of mineral-solution equilibria versus single element tracer methods. Volume 2
This report presents the results of further research on the groundwater geochemistry of 96 well waters in two uraniferous aquifers in Texas and Wyoming, and is a continuation of the work presented by Chatham et al. (1981). In this study variations in concentrations of U, As, Mo, Se and V were compared with the saturation state of the groundwater with respect to mineral phases of these elements known or expected to occur in each area. The non-radiogenic trace elements exhibited strong redox dependence consistent with thermodynamic predictions, but their variations did not pinpoint existing uranium ore bodies, because of a shift in groundwater flow patterns since the time of ore emplacement. Saturation levels of trace element minerals such as realgar, native Se, and molybdenite showed broad anomalies around the ore-bearing areas, similar to patterns found for U minerals by Langmuir and Chatham (1980), and Chatham et al. (1981). The radiogenic elements Ra and Rn showed significant anomalies directly within the ore zones. Helium anomalies were displaced in the direction of groundwater flow, but by their magnitude and areal extent provided strong evidence for the existence of nearby uranium accumulations. Uranium isotope ratios showed no systematic variations within the two aquifers …
Date:
August 1981
Creator:
Wanty, R. B.; Langmuir, D. & Chatham, J. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Heavy oil reservoirs recoverable by thermal technology. Annual report
This volume contains reservoir, production, and project data for target reservoirs which contain heavy oil in the 8 to 25/sup 0/ API gravity range and are susceptible to recovery by in situ combustion and steam drive. The reservoirs for steam recovery are less than 2500 feet deep to comply with state-of-the-art technology. In cases where one reservoir would be a target for in situ combustion or steam drive, that reservoir is reported in both sections. Data were collectd from three source types: hands-on (A), once-removed (B), and twice-removed (C). In all cases, data were sought depicting and characterizing individual reservoirs as opposed to data covering an entire field with more than one producing interval or reservoir. The data sources are listed at the end of each case. This volume also contains a complete listing of operators and projects, as well as a bibliography of source material.
Date:
February 1, 1981
Creator:
Kujawa, P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mineral-resource Potential of the Arnold Mesa RARE II Further Planning Area, Yavapai County, Arizona
From foreword: This report is on the Arnold Mesa RARE II Further Planning Area, Yavapai County, Arizona.
Date:
1981
Creator:
McColly, Robert A. & Korzeb, Stanley L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Testing geopressured geothermal reservoirs in existing wells: Pauline Kraft Well No. 1, Nueces County, Texas. Final report
The Pauline Kraft Well No. 1 was originally drilled to a depth of 13,001 feet and abandoned as a dry hole. The well was re-entered in an effort to obtain a source of GEO/sup 2/ energy for a proposed gasohol manufacturing plant. The well was tested through a 5-inch by 2-3/8 inch annulus. The geological section tested was the Frio-Anderson sand of Mid-Oligocene age. The interval tested was from 12,750 to 12,860 feet. A saltwater disposal well was drilled on the site and completed in a Micocene sand section. The disposal interval was perforated from 4710 to 4770 feet and from 4500 to 4542 feet. The test well failed to produce water at substantial rates. Initial production was 34 BWPD. A large acid stimulation treatment increased productivity to 132 BWPD, which was still far from an acceptable rate. During the acid treatment, a failure of the 5-inch production casing occurred. The poor production rates are attributed to a reservoir with very low permeability and possible formation damage. The casing failure is related to increased tensile strain resulting from cooling of the casing by acid and from the high surface injection pressure. The location of the casing failure is now known …
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Testing geopressured geothermal reservoirs in existing wells: Detailed completion prognosis for geopressured-geothermal well of opportunity, prospect #2
A geopressured-geothermal test of Martin Exploration Company's Crown Zellerbach Well No. 2 will be conducted in the Tuscaloosa Trend. The Crown Zellerbach Well No. 1 will be converted to a saltwater disposal well for disposal of produced brine. The well is located in the Satsuma Area, Livingston parish, Louisiana. Eaton proposes to test the Tuscaloosa by perforating the 7 inch casing from 16,718 feet to 16,754 feet. The reservoir pressure at an intermediate formation depth of 16,736 feet is anticipated to be 12,010 psi and the temperature is anticipated to be 297 F. Calculated water salinity is 16,000 ppm. The well is expected to produce a maximum of 16,000 barrels of water a day with a gas content of 51 SCF/bbl. Eaton will re-enter the test well, clean out to 17,000 feet, run production casing and complete the well. The disposal well will be re-entered and completed in the 9-5/8 inch casing for disposal of produced brine. Testing will be conducted similar to previous Eaton annular flow WOO tests. An optional test from 16,462 feet to 16,490 feet may be performed after the original test and will require a workover with a rig on location to perform the plugback. The …
Date:
March 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Shale mineralogy and burial diagenesis of Frio and Vicksburg Formations in two geopressured wells, McAllen Ranch area, Hidalgo County, Texas
Thirty-six shale samples ranging in depth from 1454 ft to 13,430 ft from Shell Oil Company No. 1 Dixie Mortgage Loan well and 33 shale samples ranging in depth from 2183 ft to 13,632 ft from Shell Oil/Delhi-Taylor Oil Corporation No. 3 A.A. McAllen well were examined by x-ray techniques to determine the mineralogical parameters of the geopressured zone in the Vicksburg Fairway. Both wells have the same weight-percent trends with depth for the mineralogy: quartz, calcite, total clay, and potassium feldspar are constant; plagioclase feldspar gradually increases; kaolinite increases; discrete illite decreases; total mixed-layer illite-smectite (I/S) decreases; illite in mixed-layer I/S increases; and smectite in mixed-layer I/S decreases. Chlorite is found only in the geopressured zone of each well.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Freed, R.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Western gas sands project. Status report, July-August-September 1981
The progress during July, August and September 1981 on increasing gas production from low permeability gas sands of the Western United States, is summarized in this edition of the WGSP Quarterly Status Report. During the quarter, CK GeoEnergy completed the field work in the Rifle Gap area near Rifle, Colorado, as well as the Draft Phase VI report covering the prognosis about reservoir geometry in the Multi-Well site area. The improved pressure coring system project, officially terminated Sept. 30. Accomplishments included increased capabilities for the pressure core barrel, improvements in the low invasion fluid plus various laboratory core intrusion studies and improved designs for PDC drill bits. At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the P/sup 2/L/sup 2/ system described last quarter was evaluated further and the decision has been made to abandon further investigation. The Los Alamos National Laboratory Ceramics Materials Group is preparing to fabricate a ceramic sample with cylindrical pores of specified diameters. The NMR data on this type sample will contribute to a better understanding of the parameters affecting NMR relaxation rates in porous media. During the quarter, modifications were made in the operating and application software of the DOE Well Test Facility, which will support additions to …
Date:
March 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Quantitative analysis of the economically recoverable resource
The objective of this study is to obtain estimates of the economically recoverable gas in the Appalachian Basin. The estimates were obtained in terms of a probability distribution, which quantifies the inherent uncertainty associated with estimates where geologic and production uncertainties prevail. It is established that well productivity on a county and regional basis is lognormally distributed, and the total recoverable gas is Normally distributed. The expected (mean), total economically recoverable gas is 20.2 trillion cubic feet (TCF) with a standard deviation of 1.6 TCF, conditional on the use of shooting technology on 160-acre well-spacing. From properties of the Normal distribution, it is seen that a 95 percent probability exists for the total recoverable gas to lie between 17.06 and 23.34 TCF. The estimates are sensitive to well spacings and the technology applied to a particular geologic environment. It is observed that with smaller well spacings - for example, at 80 acres - the estimate is substantially increased, and that advanced technology, such as foam fracturing, has the potential of significantly increasing gas recovery. However, the threshold and optimum conditions governing advanced exploitation technology, based on well spacing and other parameters, were not analyzed in this study. Their technological impact …
Date:
May 1, 1981
Creator:
Pulle, C.V. & Seskus, A.P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coalbed methane production case histories
The production of methane gas from coal and coal-bearing rocks is one of the prime objectives of the Department of Energy's Methane Recovery from Coalbeds Project. This report contains brief description of wells that are presently producing gas from coal or coal-bearing rocks. Data from three gob gas production areas in Illinois, an in-mine horizontal borehole degasification, and eleven vertical boreholes are presented. Production charts and electric logs of the producing zones are included for some of the wells. Additional information on dry gas production from the San Juan Basin, Colorado/New Mexico and the Greater Green River Coal Region, Colorado/Wyoming is also included.
Date:
February 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Assessment of Development and Production Potential of Federal Coal Leases
A report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) that assesses the resources of mining activities and coal leases, specifically the "estimation of the likely production from the existing 548 Federal coal leases in the seven major Western coal States" (p. iii).
Date:
December 1981
Creator:
United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Testing geopressured geothermal reservoirs in existing wells. Saldana well No. 2, Zapata County, Texas. Volume I. Completion and testing. Final report
The Saldana Well No. 2, approximately 35 miles Southeast of the city of Laredo, Texas, was the sixth successful test of a geopressured-geothermal aquifer under the DOE Wells of Opportunity Program. The well was tested through the annulus between 7-inch casing and 2-3/8 inch tubing. The interval tested was from 9745 to 9820 feet. The geological section was the 1st Hinnant Sand, an upper member of the Wilcox Group. Produced water was injected into the Saldana Well No. 1, which was also acquired from Riddle Oil Company and converted to a disposal well. A Miocene salt water sand was perforated from 3005 to 3100 feet for disposal. One pressure drawdown flow test and one pressure buildup test were conducted during a 10-day period. A total of 9328 barrels of water was produced. The highest sustained flow rate was 1950 BWPD.
Date:
October 7, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Continental Scientific Drilling Committee: comments on the Continental Scientific Drilling Program of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Department of Energy
This program, which provides support for geoscience research, including advanced technology and data/information services, concerning drilling in the continental crust of the United States for scientific purposes, is described. The curatorial needs and comparative site assessment projects are discussed. (MHR)
Date:
May 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal Drilling in Cerro Prieto
To date, 71 geothermal wells have been drilled in Cerro Prieto. The activity has been divided into several stages, and, in each stage, attempts have been made to correct deficiencies that were gradually detected. Some of these problems have been solved; others, such as those pertaining to well casing, cement, and cementing jobs, have persisted. The procedures for well completion--the most important aspect for the success of a well--that were based on conventional oil well criteria have been improved to meet the conditions of the geothermal reservoir. Several technical aspects that have improved should be further optimized, even though the resolutions are considered to be reasonably satisfactory. Particular attention has been given to the development of a high-temperature drilling fluid capable of being used in drilling through lost circulation zones. Conventional oil well drilling techniques have been used except where hole-sloughing is a problem. Sulfonate lignitic mud systems have been used with good results. When temperatures exceed 300 C (572 F), it has been necessary to use an organic polymer to stabilize the mud properties.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Aguirre, B. D. & Garcia, G. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Volcanic stratigraphy and secondary mineralization of U. S. G. S. Pucci geothermal test well, Mount Hood, Oregon
Ninety-one sample splits of drill cuttings from approximately 6.1 m intervals in the 610 m hole that was completed in 1979 were provided for this study. An additional 225 sample splits (3.05 m intervals) from 536 m to the bottom of the drill hole at 1220 m were added to the study following the deepening of the drill hole. Stratigraphic and petrologic observations of the cuttings were made. Scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffractometer examinations were made of alteration minerals. The lithology and secondary mineralization are discussed.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Gannett, M. W. & Bargar, K. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lithology and well-log study of Campbell E-2, geothermal test well, Humboldt House geothermal prospect, Pershing County, Nevada
In light of the cuttings and geophysical logs from the Campbell E-2 hole, it seems unlikely that a geothermal reservoir exists in the horst block of the Humboldt House area. All known sinter deposits occur in the graben block in the valley, northwest and southwest of Campbell E-2. The range front fault, which may serve as a conduit for deeply circulating fluids, dips to the west and intersects the hole at 890 feet (271.3 m). The presence of sinter deposits and the deeper extension of the fault to the west suggest that the geothermal system may be located to the west of the Campbell E-2 hole. The Grass Valley Formation and the Auld Lange Syne Group in general are fine-grained argillaceous and slaty rocks these rocks have a very low intergranular permeability and may not be competent enough to maintan a significant fracture permeability necessary for a geothermal reservoir rock.
Date:
August 1, 1981
Creator:
Sibbett, B. S. & Glenn, W. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geopressured Geothermal Drilling and Completions Technology Development Needs
Geopressured geothermal formations found in the Texas and Louisiana gulf coast region and elsewhere have the potential to supply large quantities of energy in the form of natural gas and warm brine (200 to 300/sup 0/F). Advances are needed, however, in hardware technology, well design technology, and drilling and completion practices to enable production and testing of exploratory wells and to enable economic production of the resource should further development be warranted. This report identifies needed technology for drilling and completing geopressured geothermal source and reinjection wells to reduce the cost and to accelerate commercial recovery of this resource. A comprehensive prioritized list of tasks to develop necessary technology has been prepared. Tasks listed in this report address a wide range of technology needs including new diagnostic techniques, control technologies, hardware, instrumentation, operational procedure guidelines and further research to define failure modes and control techniques. Tasks are organized into the functional areas of well design, drilling, casing installation, cementing, completions, logging, brine reinjection and workovers.
Date:
March 1, 1981
Creator:
Maish, A. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Testing geopressured geothermal reservoirs in existing wells. Final report P. R. Girouard Well No. 1, Lafayette Parish, Louisiana. Volume I. Completion and testing
The P.R. Girouard No. 1 Well, located approximately 10 miles southeast of Lafayette, Louisiana, was the fourth successful test of a geopressured-geothermal aquifer under the Wells of Opportunity program. The well was tested through 3-1/2 inch tubing set on a packer at 14,570 feet without major problems. The geological section tested was the Oligocene Marginulina Texana No. 1 sand of upper Frio age. The interval tested was from 14,744 to 14,819 feet. Produced water was piped down a disposal well perforated from 2870 to 3000 feet in a Miocene saltwater sand. Four flow tests were conducted for sustained production rates of approximately 4000 BWPD to approximately 15,000 BWPD. The highest achieved, during a fifth short test, was 18,460 BWPD. The test equipment was capable of handling higher rates. The gas-to-water ratio was relatively uniform at approximately 40 SCF/bbl. The heating value of the gas is 970 Btu/SCF. The reservoir tests show that is is doubtful that this well would sustain production rates over 10,000 BWPD for any lengthy period from the sand zone in which it was completed. This limited flow capacity is due to the well's poor location in the reservoir and is not a result of any production …
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Drilling, logging and preliminary well testing of geothermal well Susan 1, Susanville, Lassen County, California
Susan 1, a hot water production well, was drilled late in 1980 for the City of Susanville, California, as part of its geothermal space-heating project. A history of drilling, logging, completion and pump testing of this well is presented. Susan 1 was drilled to 930 feet using local river water with a 17-1/2-inch bit from 50 to 540 feet and a 12-1/2-inch bit from 540 to 927 feet. A 12-3/4-inch solid casing was set from surface to 350 feet, a slotted casing from 350 to 538 feet, and a 8-5/8-inch slotted casing from 520 to 925 feet. Interpretations of the following logs and test data from this well are presented: drilling logs (penetration rate, water loss and gain, return temperatures); formation logs (description of well cuttings, caliper, spontaneous potential, electrical resistivity, gamma ray, neutron); production logs (temperature, spinner); and pump test data.
Date:
March 1, 1981
Creator:
McNitt, J. R.; Petersen, C. A. & Sanyal, S. K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Well test plan for the City of El Centro utility core field experiment
The following are included in the well test plan: well test program schedule and order of work; the injection well drilling program details; the production well drilling program details; and long-term (30-day) production testing program details. (MHR)
Date:
June 15, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Oxygen isotope exchange in rocks and minerals from the Cerro Prieto geothermal system: indicators of temperature distribution and fluid flow
Oxygen isotopic compositions have been measured in drill cuttings and core samples from more than 40 wells ranging in depth to more than 3.5 km in the Cerro Prieto geothermal field. Oxygen isotopic profiles of pore-filling calcites in sandstones appear to be a reliable measure of the recent equilibrium temperature distribution in the field before production began. From these data, a detailed, three-dimensional map has been developed, showing the equilibrium temperatures in the geothermal field. A mass balance calculation has been performed using measured /sup 18/O enrichment of the geothermal brine. This calculation implies an overall water; rock volume ratio of approximately 3:1 during the history of the Cerro Prieto system. Paleotemperatures different from the present thermal regime have been studied by examining coexisting mineral systems which exchanged their oxygen with the geothermal brines at different rates.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Williams, A. E. & Elders, W. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proceedings of the international conference on geothermal drilling and completion technology
Separate abstracts were prepared for the thirty papers included in this proceedings.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Great Western Malting Company geothermal project, Pocatello, Idaho. Final report
The Great Western Malting Company recently constructed a barley malting facility in Pocatello, Idaho, designed to produce 6.0 million bushels per year of brewing malt. This facility uses natural gas to supply the energy for germination and kilning processes. The escalating cost of natural gas has prompted the company to look at alternate and more economical sources of energy. Trans Energy Systems has investigated the viabiity of using geothermal energy at the new barley processing plant. Preliminary investigations show that a geothermal resource probably exists, and payback on the installation of a system to utilize the resource will occur in under 2 years. The Great Western Malting plant site has geological characteristics which are similar to areas where productive geothermal wells have been established. Geological investigations indicate that resource water temperatures will be in the 150 to 200/sup 0/F range. Geothermal energy of this quality will supply 30 to 98% of the heating requirements currently supplied by natural gas for this malting plant. Trans Energy Systems has analyzed several systems of utilizing the geothermal resource at the Great Western barley malting facility. These systems included: direct use of geothermal water; geothermal energy heating process water through an intermediary heat exchanger; …
Date:
December 23, 1981
Creator:
Christensen, N.T.; McGeen, M.A.; Corlett, D.F. & Urmston, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library