Following detailed geological (Parry et al., 1976; Miller, 1976) and geophysical (Mase, Chapman, and Ward, 1978; Kilty, Mase, and Chapman, 1978) studies of the Monroe, Utah hydrothermal system, a program of drilling two intermediate depth test wells was undertaken. The objectives of the test well drilling were three-fold: (1) to obtain structural information bearing on the poorly known dip of the Sevier Fault, (2) to obtain temperature information below the shallow depths (approximately 300 ft.) sampled in the first phase of exploration, and (3) to provide cased wells which could act as monitor wells during the production phase of the project. The test well drilling was seen to be vital to the selection of a site for a production well. This report describes the results from the drilling of the two test wells, designated MC1 and MC2, and offers interpretation of the hydrothermal system which may be used as a basis for selecting production wells.

Information obtained on the operation of the plant, components, brine and steam composition, production and injection wells, and the potential of the Niland Reservoir are reviewed. The Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility (GLEF) was modified from a four stage flash/binary process to a two stage flash process with two parallel flash trains for the extraction of energy from a high temperature, high salinity, liquid-dominated resource. The general operation and accomplishments of the GLEF during the period from October 1977 through September 1978 are summarized and these activities during the period from July 1978 through September 1978 are detailed. The four stage flash/binary process test results were used in a Feasibility and Risk Study which identified the two stage flash cycle as the preferred cycle. The facility was modified to test critical portions of the cycle and testing was initiated.

A series of four, parallel, hydraulically induced hydrofractures were created. The hydrofractures will be used later in Phase I as the loading fractures for slurried explosives. An evaluation of the aerial extent, thickness, and resistance to air flow of each of these four fractures is reported. Downhole pressure, well-head pressure, surface resistivity, tiltmeter, hydrophone response, and crack opening measurements were used as dynamic tests to monitor and to later describe the hydrofracture. Downhole television, high-resolution seismic reflection survey (HRSRS), cross-hole seismic survey (CHSS), pressurized air-flow, tracer-gas flows, gamma-ray logging, and hydrogeologic monitoring were all used as posthydrofracture tests. Of all of these tests, tiltmeter, wellhead pressure, downhole television, pressurized air flows, and hydrogeologic monitoring were the most useful. Downhole pressure, crack opening, hydrophone response, tracer gas flow, and gamma-ray logging were less useful and provided only supportive data. HRSRS and CHSS provided no useful evaluation data. These evaluation tests showed the four hydrofractures to be narrow (less than or equal to 0.01 inches) and horizontal; to extend out at least to the outer ring of production wells in a southeasterly direction; to extend beyond the outer ring of production wells in a northwesterly direction; to have some degree of vertical …

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This quarterly basin activities report is a summation of three months drilling and testing activities in the primary study areas of the WGSP; these include the Greater Green River Basin, the Northern Great Plains Province, the Piceance Basin, and the Uinta Basin. Additional low permeability sandstone areas are listed and located geographically. Activities in each primary study area are summarized under core program and dilling activity. (JRD)

The proposed action will consist of drilling one geothermal fluid well for intermittent production testing of 284 days over a three year period. Two disposal wells will initially be drilled to provide disposal of lower volume fluids produced during initial testing. Two additional disposal wells will be drilled, logged, completed, tested, and operated prior to commencement of high volume fluid production. Construction of the proposed action will change the land-use of 2 ha (5 ac) for the test well and each of the injection wells from agriculture or wetlands to resource exploration. Lands will be cleared and erosion and runoff will result. During operation of the well test, the only expected impacts are from venting of gases or flaring of gases and noise. After the tests are completed, the area will be restored as much as possible to its natural condition by revegetation programs using nature species. All sources of pollutants will be collected and disposed in environmentally acceptable ways. Accidents may result from this proposed action.

Activities in programs to conduct polymer-waterflood studies are reported. During the period a study was conducted of the Burbank-Bartlesville sand reservoir, located in the north half of the Stanley Stringer Field, Osage County, Oklahoma. Progress in the overall program is summarized in a chart. (JRD)

The dry-steam geothermal power plants in the Boraciferous (Larderello), Monte Amiata, and Travale regions of Italy are described. The geology of these areas is described along with the nature of the geothermal steam. Details are given about the drilling techniques and the methods used to complete the wells. Noncondensing and condensing steam turbines are described in detail, including special features aimed at improving the flexibility of the machines to meet a variety of geofluid specifications while, at the same time, maintaining high performance. The type of materials used to resist the corrosive and erosive nature of the geothermal fluid are also covered. Economic data and operating experience are presented.

The geology and hydrology of the Tigre Lagoon Gas Field and the structural and depositional basin in which it occurs, as described, define a hydrodynamic system which has been in operation for millions of years. Fluid entrapment and geopressuring of the deposits has resulted in steepened geothermal gradients, accelerated maturation and thermal degradation (cracking) of fluid hydrocarbons, thermal diagenesis of certain clay minerals with release of much bound and intracrystalline water as free pore water, and a systematic fluid migration history controlled by the sand-bed aquifers in the basin, and by upward leakage at growth faults wherever fluid pressures approached or exceeded rock pressures. Observed geotemperature, geopressure, water salinity, and natural gas occurrence in the study area conform with the conceptual model developed.

This edition of the WGSP status report summarizes September 1978 progress of the government-sponsored projects directed towards increasing gas production from the low-permeability gas sands of the western United States. Background information is provided in the September 1977 Status Report, NVO/0655-100. The Williston Basin Symposium was held in Billings, Montana, the 24th through the 27th of September 1978. The USGS continued work on characterization and assessment of the resource in the four primary study areas and completed the 1978 field work in the Sand Wash and Green River Basins. CER Corporation is evaluating a Twin Arrow drill site, located on the Douglas Creek Arch for the possibility of obtaining core, and preparations are being made for the Logging Program meeting to be held at the CER offices the latter part of October, 1978. The design phase for the pressure coring system has been completed and work is progressing on the fabrication and testing of the improved system. The National Laboratories and Energy Technology Centers continued work on mathematical model development, new tools and instrumentation systems, data analysis techniques and rock mechanics. Work continued on the field tests and demonstrations aspect of the WGSP. Bids sent to several service companies by …

The study included five parts: geology, seismicity, well testing, reservoir simulation, and geochemistry. Included in appendices are: production test data and discussion, interference tests, production tests in the northern portion of the East Mesa KGRA, conversion tables, chemical analysis of fluids from East Mesa wells, and results of laboratory studies of scale samples taken from the vertical tube evaporator. (MHR)

The modeling undertaken during this project incorporated a wide range of problems that impact the design of the waste repository. Interaction of groundwater, heat and stress were considered on a regional scale, whereas on the room and canister scale thermo-mechanical analyses were undertaken. In the Phase II report, preliminary guidelines for waste densities were established based primarily on short-term stress criteria required to maintain stability during the retrievability period. Additional analyses are required to evaluate the effect of joints, borehole linings, room support and ventilation on these preliminary waste loading densities. The regional analyses did not indicate any adverse effect that could control the allowable waste loading densities. However, further refinements of geologic structure, hydrologic models, seismicity and possible induced seismicity are required before firm estimates of the loading densities can be made.

A synthesis and preliminary interpretation of predominantly geophysical information relating to the Klamath Basin geothermal resource is presented. The Swan Lake Valley area, northeast of Klamath Falls, and the Klamath Hills area, south of Klamath Falls, are discussed in detail. Available geophysical data, including gravity, magnetic, electrical resistivity, microseismic, roving dipole resistivity, audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) and magnetotelluric (MT) data sets, are examined and reinterpreted for these areas. One- and two-dimensional modeling techniques are applied, and general agreement among overlapping data sets is achieved. The MT method appears well suited to this type of exploration, although interpretation is difficult in the complex geology. Roving dipole and AMT are useful in reconnaissance, while gravity and magnetics help in defining structure. For the Swan Lake Valley the data suggest buried electrically conductive zones beneath Meadow Lake Valley and Swan Lake, connected by a conductive layer at 1 kilometer depth. In the Klamath Hills area, the data suggest a conductive zone centered near the northwestern tip of Stukel Mountain, associated with a concealed northeast-trending cross-fault. Another conductive zone appears near some producing hot wells at the southwestern edge of the Klamath Hills. These conductive zones may represent geothermal reservoirs. Specific types of follow-up work are …

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