A weekly newspaper from Mineral Wells, Texas that included local, state, and national news along with advertising.

Those phosphate related and food processing industries in Southeastern Idaho are identified which require large energy inputs and the potential for direct application of geothermal energy is assessed. The total energy demand is given along with that fractional demand that can be satisfied by a geothermal source of known temperature. The potential for geothermal resource development is analyzed by examining the location of known thermal springs and wells, the location of state and federal geothermal exploration leases, and the location of federal and state oil and gas leasing activity in Southeast Idaho. Information is also presented regarding the location of geothermal, oil, and gas exploration wells in Southeast Idaho. The location of state and federal phosphate mining leases is also presented. This information is presented in table and map formats to show the proximity of exploration and development activities to current food and phosphate processing facilities and phosphate mining activities. (MHR)

Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.

The resource testing and data gathering involve four sequentially scheduled stages: production well drilling tests, short term production tests, injection well drilling tests, and full scale production tests. Each stage is described and discussed. (MHR)

An extensive review of the literature revealed that the use of foam to lower the mobility of gases used to displace oil has been considered since 1956. Although early work was related mainly to light hydrocarbons, it is natural to extend the concept to the CO/sub 2/ flooding process. Samples of foaming agents, compatible with oil reservoir environments, were obtained from major manufacturers. Ninety-three samples were tested both alone and in admixture. The most promising class of additives appears to be ionic surfactants produced by ethoxylation of a linear alcohol followed by sulfation. One of the best, Plurafoam NO-2N was tested in a linear sandpack and found to reduce the mobility of gas relative to water an average of 300-fold. Viscosity measurements of the foam at varying shear rates were made to help explain the dramatic change in gas mobility in the linear flow model. The foam is non-Newtonian but many-fold more viscous than the liquid from which it is generated at all reasonable shear rates. Viscosities exceeding 1000 centipose are routinely obtained. Addition of water-soluble polymers to the foaming liquid greatly enhances the stability of the foam. Five different polymer structures were tested, all of which had a common …

A series of combustion tube tests were performed at the Cities Service Research Laboratory using Bellevue core samples and produced oil. The objectives of the study were to obtain information concerning the basic in-situ combustion process that would aid in understanding the performance of the Bellevue fireflood. Also investigated was the interaction of water with the burning process in order to determine the water/air injection ratio that should be used in field operations. Finally, the formation ignition temperature of the rock-oil system was approximated by means of laboratory oxidation tests. The following conclusions were determined from the laboratory combustion tests: (1) Fuel deposit and air requirement of dry combustion were calculated by means of combustion tube tests to be 2 number/f/sup 3/ and 17 MMSCF/A-f. (2) Injecting water increases the efficiency of the burning process by decreasing fuel deposit and air requirement. (3) Water rates as high as 500 B/MMSCF do not extinguish the combustion reaction in the laboratory system. (4) The ignition temperature of the Nacatoch formation is approximately 500/sup 0/F.

Information collected and analyzed for a preliminary environmental analysis of geopressured geothermal prospect areas in Colorado and DeWitt Counties, Texas is presented. Specific environmental concerns for each geopressured geothermal prospect area are identified and discussed. Approximately 218 km/sup 2/(85 mi/sup 2/) were studied in the vicinity of each prospect area to: (1) conduct an environmental analysis to identify more and less suited areas for geopressured test wells; and (2) provide an environmental data base for future development of geopressured geothermal energy resources. A series of maps and tables are included to illustrate environmental characteristics including: geology, water resources, soils, current land use, vegetation, wildlife, and meteorological characteristics, and additional relevant information on cultural resources, power- and pipelines, and regulatory agencies. A series of transparent overlays at the scale of the original mapping has also been produced for the purposes of identifying and ranking areas of potential conflict between geopressured geothermal development and environmental characteristics. The methodology for ranking suitability of areas within the two prospect areas is discussed in the appendix. (MHR)

Based on existing data, different boundary conditions and material properties were simulated using a computer program to calculate heat and mass transport in liquid-saturated nonisothermal media. In these simulations, it was assumed that initially Cerro Prieto was essentially a one-phase (liquid-dominated) geothermal system. Steady-state temperatures were computed for various assumed preproduction recharge and discharge boundary conditions. The results are discussed and compared with published initial temperature distributions in the Cerro Prieto system.

Exploratory drilling in Boise, Idaho, in the vicinity of the Boise Front Fault has confirmed the presence of a 170/sup 0/F (77/sup 0/C) geothermal resource below about 800 ft (244 m) near the Veterans Hospital of the Military Reserve Park. The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), sponsored by the Department of Energy, drilled three exploratory slim holes and two deep exploratory test wells. Study results based on tests of the two exploratory-test wells are reported. Faulting related to the Boise Front Fault defines a major physiographic break in the area that acts as a subsurface conduit through which geothermal water circulates. Hydrologic tests indicate that rocks disturbed by the Boise Front Fault may be as much as ten times more permeable than those removed from the major structural lineament.

The following are described: the proposed action; existing environment; probable impacts, direct and indirect; probable cumulative and long-term environmental impacts; accidents; coordination with federal, state, and local agencies; and alternatives. (MHR)

The Nation's continued reliance on liquid fossil fuels and decreasing reserves of light oils gives increased impetus to improving the recovery of heavy oil. Thermal enhanced oil recovery EOR techniques, such as steam injection, have generally been the most effective for increasing heavy oil production. However, conventional steam generation consumes a large fraction of the produced oil. The substitution of alternate (solid) fuels would release much of this consumed oil to market. This two-part report focuses on two solid fuels available in California, the site of most thermal EOR - petroleum coke and lignite. Phase I, entitled Economic Analysis, shows detailed cost comparisons between the two candidate fuels and also with Western coal. The analysis includes fuels characterizations, process designs for several combustion systems, and a thorough evaluation of the technical and economic uncertainties. In Phase II, many technical parameters of petroleum coke combustion were measured in a pilot-plant fluidized bed. The results of the study showed that petroleum coke combustion for EOR is feasible and cost effective in a fluidized bed combustor.

Samples of geothermal scale formed from Magmamax No. 1 and Woolsey No. 1 wells in the Imperial Valley, Calif., were exposed to concentrated and dilute solutions of common laboratory reagents. The time of exposure and temperature of the reagent were also varied. Several reagents easily dissolved significant amounts of the scale. An in situ test was performed with marginal success.

The northwest-southeast trending Cerro Prieto fault is part of a major regional lineament that extends into Sonaro and has characteristics of both a wrench fault and an oceanic transform fault. The distribution of lithologies and temperature within the field was studied by comparing data from well cuttings, cores, well logs, and geochemical analyses. Across the earliest developed portion of the field, in particular along a 1.25-km northeast-southwest section from well M-9 to M-10, interesting correlations emerge that indicate a relationship among lithology, microfracturing, and temperature distribution. In the upper portion of Reservoir A of this stratigraphic section, between 1200 and 1400 m, the percentage of sandstones ranges from 20 to 55. Temperatures are 225/sup 0/ to 275/sup 0/C based on well logs, calcite isotope maxima, and Na-K-Ca indices. The study shows that an isothermal high in this vicinity corresponds to the lowest total percentage of sandstones. Scanning electron microphotographs of well cores and cuttings from sandstone and shale units reveal clogging, mineral dissolution, and mineral precipitation along microfractures. The working hypothesis is that these sandy shale and siltstone facies are most amenable to increased microfracturing and, in turn, such microfracturing allows for higher temperature fluid to rise to shallower depths …

Separate abstracts were prepared for the 101 individual papers presented in this annual report. (ERB)

The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory is pursuing laboratory and field experiments in the development of the Hot Dry Rock concept of geothermal energy. The field program consists of experiments in a hydraulically fractured region of low permeability in which hot rock is intercepted by two wellbores. These experiments are designed to test reservoir engineering parameters such as: heat extraction rates, water loss rates, flow characteristics including impedance and buoyancy, seismic activity and fluid chemistry. Laboratory experiments have been designed to provide information on the mineral reactivity which may be encountered in the field program. Two experimental circulation systems have been built to study the rates of dissolution and alteration in dynamic flow. Solubility studies have been done in agitated systems. To date, pure minerals, samples of the granodiorite from the actual reservoir and Tijeras Canyon granite have been reacted with distilled water and various solutions of NaCl, NaOH, and Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/. The results of these experimental systems are compared to observations made in field experiments done in a hot dry rock reservoir at a depth of approximately 3 km with initial rock temperatures of 150 to 200/sup 0/C.

Alumni magazine of Tarleton State University providing information on events at the school and news about university students, staff, and alumni.

Student newspaper of Weatherford High School in Weatherford, Texas that includes school news and information along with advertising.

Weekly newspaper from Jacksboro, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.

Weekly newspaper from Jacksboro, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.

Weekly newspaper from Jacksboro, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.

Weekly newspaper from Jacksboro, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.

Daily newspaper from Stephenville, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.

Daily newspaper from Stephenville, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.

Student newspaper of Weatherford High School in Weatherford, Texas that includes school news and information along with advertising.