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[News Clip: Meza mineral wells]
Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.
Date:
July 9, 1993, 6:00 p.m.
Creator:
KXAS-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type:
Video
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary assessment report for Fort Jacob F. Wolters, Installation 48555, Mineral Wells, Texas. Installation Restoration Program
This report presents the results of the preliminary assessment (PA) conducted by Argonne National Laboratory at the Texas Army National Guard (TXARNG) property near Mineral Wells, Texas. Preliminary assessments of federal facilities are being conducted to compile the information necessary for completing preremedial activities and to provide a basis for establishing corrective actions in response to releases of hazardous substances. The principal objective of the PA is to characterize the site accurately and determine the need for further action by examining site activities, quantities of hazardous substances present, and potential pathways by which contamination could affect public health and the environment. This PA satisfies, for the Fort Wolters property, the requirement of the Department of Defense Installation Restoration Program.
Date:
August 1, 1993
Creator:
Dennis, C. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[News Clip: Mineral wars]
Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.
Date:
June 7, 1993, 10:00 p.m.
Creator:
KXAS-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type:
Video
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[News Clip: Meza]
B-roll video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.
Date:
July 8, 1993, 12:00 p.m.
Creator:
KXAS-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type:
Video
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary conceptual model for mineral evolution in Yucca Mountain
A model is presented for mineral alteration in Yucca Mountain, Nevada, that suggests that the mineral transformations observed there are primarily controlled by the activity of aqueous silica. The rate of these reactions is related to the rate of evolution of the metastable silica polymorphs opal-CT and cristobalite assuming that a{sub SiO{sub 2(aq)}} is fixed at the equilibrium solubility of the most soluble silica polymorph present. The rate equations accurately predict the present depths of disappearance of opal-CT and cristobalite. The rate equations have also been used to predict the extent of future mineral alteration that may result from emplacement of a high-level nuclear waste repository in Yucca Mountain. Relatively small changes in mineralogy are predicted, but these predictions are based on the assumption that emplacement of a repository would not increase the pH of water in Yucca Mountain nor increase its carbonate content. Such changes may significantly increase mineral alteration. Some of the reactions currently occurring in Yucca Mountain consume H{sup +} and CO{sub 3}{sup 2{minus}}. Combining reaction rate models for these reactions with water chemistry data may make it possible to estimate water flux through the basal vitrophyre of the Topopah Spring Member and to help confirm the …
Date:
December 1, 1993
Creator:
Duffy, C.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Closure of shallow underground injection wells
Shallow injection wells have long been used for disposing liquid wastes. Some of these wells have received hazardous or radioactive wastes. According to US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations, Class IV wells are those injection wells through which hazardous or radioactive wastes are injected into or above an underground source of drinking water (USDW). These wells must be closed. Generally Class V wells are injection wells through which fluids that do not contain hazardous or radioactive wastes are injected into or above a USDW. Class V wells that are responsible for violations of drinking water regulations or that pose a threat to human health must also be closed. Although EPA regulations require closure of certain types of shallow injection wells, they do not provide specific details on the closure process. This paper describes the regulatory background, DOE requirements, and the steps in a shallow injection well closure process: Identification of wells needing closure; monitoring and disposal of accumulated substances; filling and sealing of wells; and remediation. In addition, the paper describes a major national EPA shallow injection well enforcement initiative, including closure plan guidance for wells used to dispose of wastes from service station operations.
Date:
October 1, 1993
Creator:
Veil, J. A. & Grunewald, B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of mixed surfactants for improved chemical flooding
Phase behavior studies were conducted using combinations of a primary surfactant component and several ethoxylated surfactants. The objective of the study is to evaluate combinations of surfactants, anionic-nonionic and anionic-anionic mixtures, that would yield favorable phase behavior and solubilization capacity. The dependence of the solution behavior on the additive surfactant structure, surfactant type, oil, surfactant proportion, salinity, HLB, and temperature was observed. The results showed that the ethoxylated surfactants can improve the solution behavior of the overall system. The increase in optimum salinity range of these solutions corresponded to an increase in the degree of ethoxylation of additive surfactant, up to a certain limit. The nonionic surfactant additives yielded much higher salinities compared to the results from the ethoxylated anionics tested. The proportion of surfactant component in solution was critical in achieving a balance between the solubilization capacity and the enhancement in the system's salinity tolerance. Some combinations of these types of surfactants showed improved solution behavior with favorable solubilization capacity. The phase inversion temperature (PIT) method has been shown to be a relatively fast method for screening candidate surfactant systems. Comparisons were made using both the conventional salinity scan and the PIT method on selected chemical systems. The results …
Date:
February 1, 1993
Creator:
Llave, F. M.; French, T. R. & Lorenz, P. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reactive fluid flow models and applications to diagenesis, mineral deposits and crustal rocks
Funds are requested for a combined theoretical and field study of coupled fluid flow, heat and mass transport, and chemical reaction in hydrothermal and metamorphic systems. An existing computer code developed by the applicants which numerically treats multi-component, finite-rate reactions combined with advective and dispersive transport in one and two dimensions and which incorporates isotopic exchange and heat and mass transfer will continue to be developed and applied in a variety of geological settings. The code we have developed simultaneously solves for mass transport and reaction, thus offering a significant improvement in computational efficiency over existing ``batch`` reaction path codes. By coupling flow and chemical reaction in a hydrothermal system, we can explicitly investigate the extent to which characteristic flow-reaction paths govern the chemical evolution of the fluids in a hydrothermal system. The concept of a flow-reaction path is particularly important where certain portions of mature hydrothermal systems may exhaust the buffer capacity of the rock as the primary mineralogy is consumed. In these instances 7 fluids traversing distinct regions within the hydrothermal system may experience very different reaction histories, even where the system can be described as nearly isothermal. The study of paleo-hydrothermal systems can yield some important insights …
Date:
August 1, 1993
Creator:
Lasaga, A. C. & Rye, D. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Lathrop Wells volcanic center: Status of field and geochronology studies
The Lathrop Wells volcanic center is located 20 km south of the potential Yucca Mountain site, at the south end of the Yucca Mountain range. It has long been recognized as the youngest basalt center in the region. However, determination of the age and eruptive history of the center has proven problematic. The purpose of this paper is to describe the status of field and geochronology studies of the Lathrop Wells center. Our perspective is that it is critical to assess all possible methods for obtaining cross-checking data to resolve chronology and field problems. It is equally important to consider application of the range of chronology methods available in Quaternary geologic research. Such an approach seeks to increase the confidence in data interpretations through obtaining convergence among separate isotopic, radiogenic, and age-correlated methods. Finally, the assumptions, strengths, and weaknesses of each dating method need to be carefully described to facilitate an impartial evaluation of results.
Date:
March 1, 1993
Creator:
Crowe, B.; Morley, R.; Wells, S.; Geissman, J.; McDonald, E.; McFadden, L. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Summary of wells validated during fiscal years 1991 to 1992
The Well Validation Project was initiated in fiscal year 1990, with the intended purpose to evaluate wells on the Nevada Test Site. During fiscal years 1991 and 1992, a temperature/electrical conductivity logging tool was redesigned and a thermal-pulse flowmeter logging tool was developed. Seven wells were evaluated during this time period: USGS HTH {number_sign}1, UE-18r, UE-14b, HTH {open_quotes}E{close_quotes}, USGS Test Well B Ex., UE-1q, and UE-5n. The validation techniques used at each site varied depending on the site-specific objectives. Thermal-pulse flowmeter surveys were carried out in several of the wells with limited success. The thermal-pulse flowmeter was designed for boreholes 2 to 6 inches in diameter, most wells at the Nevada Test Site are generally much larger in diameter, 10 to 24 inches. Therefore, the thermal-pulse flowmeter was outfitted with an inflatable rubber packer, which constricts borehole flow through the thermal-pulse flowmeter, increasing the resolution. The thermal-pulse flowmeter can be outfitted with various-sized packers depending on the borehole diameter to be evaluated; these packers are commercially available. The packers are inflated with borehole fluid via a small submersible pump which was designed, built, and tested as part of this study.
Date:
June 1, 1993
Creator:
Lyles, B. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A study of hydrocarbons associated with brines from DOE geopressured wells
Accomplishments are summarized on the following tasks: distribution coefficients and solubilities, DOE design well sampling, analysis of well samples, review of theoretical models of geopressured reservoir hydrocarbons, monitor for aliphatic hydrocarbons, development of a ph meter probe, DOE design well scrubber analysis, removal and disposition of gas scrubber equipment at Pleasant Bayou Well, and disposition of archived brines.
Date:
January 1, 1993
Creator:
Keeley, D. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measuring and predicting reservoir heterogeneity in complex deposystems: The fluvial-deltaic Big Injun sandstone in West Virginia
The purpose of this research is to develop techniques to measure and predict heterogeneities in oil reservoirs that are the products of complex deposystems. The unit chosen for study is the Lower Mississippian Big Injun sandstone, a prolific oil producer (nearly 60 fields) in West Virginia. This research effort has been designed and is being implemented as an integrated effort involving stratigraphy, structural geology, petrology, seismic study, petroleum engineering, modeling and geostatistics. Sandstone bodies are being mapped within their regional depositional systems, and then sandstone bodies are being classified in a scheme of relative heterogeneity to determine heterogeneity across depositional systems. Facies changes are being mapped within given reservoirs, and the environments of deposition responsible for each facies are being interpreted to predict the inherent relative heterogeneity of each facies. Structural variations will be correlated both with production, where the availability of production data will permit, and with variations in geologic and engineering parameters that affect production. A reliable seismic model of the Big Injun reservoirs in Granny Creek field is being developed to help interpret physical heterogeneity in that field. Pore types are being described and related to permeability, fluid flow and diagenesis, and petrographic data are being integrated …
Date:
April 1, 1993
Creator:
Patchen, D.G.; Hohn, M.E.; Aminian, K.; Donaldson, A.; Shumaker, R. & Wilson, T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Recommended management practices for operation and closure of shallow injection wells at DOE facilities
The Safe Drinking Water Act established the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program to ensure that underground injection of wastes does not endanger an underground source of drinking water. Under UIC regulations, an injection well is a hole in the ground, deeper than it is wide, that receives wastes or other fluid substances. Types of injection wells range from deep cased wells to shallow sumps, drywells, and drainfields. The report describes the five classes of UIC wells and summarizes relevant regulations for each class of wells and for the UIC program. The main focus of the report is Class IV and V shallow injection wells. Class IV wells are prohibited and should be closed when they are identified. Class V wells are generally authorized by rule, but EPA or a delegated state may require a permit for a Class V well. This report provides recommendations on sound operating and closure practices for shallow injection wells. In addition the report contains copies of several relevant EPA documents that provide additional information on well operation and closure. Another appendix contains information on the UIC programs in 21 states in which there are DOE facilities discharging to injection wells. The appendix includes the name …
Date:
July 1, 1993
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A study of hydrocarbons associated with brines from DOE geopressured wells. Final report
Accomplishments are summarized on the following tasks: distribution coefficients and solubilities, DOE design well sampling, analysis of well samples, review of theoretical models of geopressured reservoir hydrocarbons, monitor for aliphatic hydrocarbons, development of a ph meter probe, DOE design well scrubber analysis, removal and disposition of gas scrubber equipment at Pleasant Bayou Well, and disposition of archived brines.
Date:
July 1, 1993
Creator:
Keeley, D. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geochemical study of evaporite and clay mineral-oxyhydroxide samples from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site
Samples of clay minerals, insoluble oxyhydroxides, and their host evaporites from the WIPP site have been studied for their major and minor elements abundances, x-ray diffraction characteristics, K-Ar ages, and Rb-Sr ages. This study was undertaken to determine their overall geochemical characteristics and to investigate possible interactions between evaporates and insoluble constituents. The evaporite host material is water-soluble, having Cl/Br ratios typical of marine evaporites, although the Br content is low. Insoluble material (usually a mixture of clay minerals and oxyhydroxide phases) yields very high Cl/Br ratios, possibly because of Cl from admixed halide minerals. This same material yields K/Rb and Th/U ratios in the normal range for shales; suggesting little, if any, effect of evaporite-induced remobilization of U, K, or Rb in the insoluble material. The rare-earth element (REE) data also show normal REE/chondrite (REE/CHON) distribution patterns, supporting the K/Rb and Th/U data. Clay minerals yield K-Ar dates in the range 365 to 390 Ma and a Rb-Sr isochron age of 428 {+-} 7 Ma. These ages are well in excess of the 220- to 230-Ma formational age of the evaporites, and confirm the detrital origin of the clays. The ages also show that any evaporite or clay mineral …
Date:
June 1, 1993
Creator:
Brookins, D. G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mechanism and environmental effects on MEOR induced by the alpha process
This project was an interdisciplinary investigation of the enhanced oil recovery effects of a commercial microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) system. The purpose was to investigate in parallel laboratory and field studies the response of a portion of the Shannon Sandstone reservoir to two single-well treatments with a commercial MEOR system, to investigate basic bacteria/rock interactions, and to investigate mechanisms of oil release. The MEOR system consisted of a mixed culture of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria, inorganic nutrients, and other growth factors. Parallel field and laboratory investigations into the effect and mechanisms of the treatment were carried out by independent principal investigators. The Shannon Sandstone at the Naval Petroleum Reserve [number sign]3 (NPR [number sign]3), Teapot Dome Field, Wyoming, was the location of the pilot field treatment. The treated and adjacent observation wells showed production and microbiological perturbations that are attributed to the effects of treatment during the first four post-treatment months. Effects of treatment declined to background levels within four months of inoculation. No production response was recorded in control wells unaffected by microbial stimulation. Laboratory research resulted in descriptions of colonization patterns of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria in the reservoir rock environment. Core-flooding research utilizing various components of the MEOR system did …
Date:
April 1, 1993
Creator:
Hiebert, F. K.; Zumberge, J.; Rouse, B.; Cowes, A. & Lake, L. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geochemistry of thermal/mineral waters in the Clear Lake region, California, and implications for hot dry rock geothermal development
Thermal/mineral waters of the Clear Lake region are broadly classified as thermal meteoric and connote types based on chemical and isotopic criteria. Ratios of conservative components such as B/Cl are extremely different among all thermal/mineral waters of the Clear Lake region except for clusters of waters emerging from specific areas such as the Wilbur Springs district and the Agricultural Park area south of Mt. Konocti. In contrast, ratios of conservative components in large, homogeneous geothermal reservoirs are constant. Stable isotope values of Clear Lake region waters show a mixing trend between thermal meteoric and connote end-members. The latter end-member has enriched [delta]D as well as enriched d[sup l8]O, very different from typical high-temperature geothermal reservoir waters. Tritium data and modeling of ages indicate most Clear Lake region waters are 500 to > 10,000 yr., although mixing of old and young components is implied by the data. The age of end-member connate water is probably > 10,000 yr. Subsurface equilibration temperature of most thermal/mineral waters of the Clear Lake region is [le] 150[degrees]C based on chemical geothermometers but it is recognized that Clear Lake region waters are not typical geothermal fluids and that they violate rules of application of many geothermometers. …
Date:
February 1, 1993
Creator:
Goff, F.; Adams, A. I.; Trujillo, P. E.; Counce, D. & Mansfield, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Potential effect of natural gas wells on alluvial groundwater contamination at the Kansas City Plant
This report is the result of a request for further information about several abandoned natural gas wells at the US Department of Energy's Kansas City Plant (KCP). The request was prompted by an old map showing several, possibly eight, natural gas wells located under or near what is now the southeast corner of the Main Manufacturing Building at KCP. Volatile organic compound contamination in the alluvial aquifer surrounding the gas wells might possibly contaminate the bedrock aquifer if the gas wells still exist as conduits. Several circumstances exist that make it doubtful that contamination is entering the bedrock aquifers: (1) because regional groundwater flow in the bedrock beneath the KCP is expected to be vertically upward, contaminants found in the alluvial aquifer should not migrate down the old wells; (2) because of the low hydraulic conductivity of the bedrock units, contaminant transport would be extremely slow if the contaminants were migrating down the wells; and (3) casing, apparently set through the alluvium in all of the wells, would have deteriorated and may have collapsed; if the casing collapsed, the silty clays in the alluvium would also collapse and seal the well. No definitive information has been discovered about the exact …
Date:
May 1, 1993
Creator:
Pickering, D.A.; Laase, A.D. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)) & Locke, D.A. (Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education, TN (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Potential effect of natural gas wells on alluvial groundwater contamination at the Kansas City Plant
This report is the result of a request for further information about several abandoned natural gas wells at the US Department of Energy`s Kansas City Plant (KCP). The request was prompted by an old map showing several, possibly eight, natural gas wells located under or near what is now the southeast corner of the Main Manufacturing Building at KCP. Volatile organic compound contamination in the alluvial aquifer surrounding the gas wells might possibly contaminate the bedrock aquifer if the gas wells still exist as conduits. Several circumstances exist that make it doubtful that contamination is entering the bedrock aquifers: (1) because regional groundwater flow in the bedrock beneath the KCP is expected to be vertically upward, contaminants found in the alluvial aquifer should not migrate down the old wells; (2) because of the low hydraulic conductivity of the bedrock units, contaminant transport would be extremely slow if the contaminants were migrating down the wells; and (3) casing, apparently set through the alluvium in all of the wells, would have deteriorated and may have collapsed; if the casing collapsed, the silty clays in the alluvium would also collapse and seal the well. No definitive information has been discovered about the exact …
Date:
May 1, 1993
Creator:
Pickering, D. A.; Laase, A. D. & Locke, D. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of a cost-effective environmental compliance technology for stripper well brines. Quarterly report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993
In order to demonstrate to the EPA that brines from both stripper oil and marginal gas wells in the Appalachian Basin are capable of being treated and disposed of by discharge to streams in an environmentally safe manner, the existing research effort on stripper oil well brines will be continued and expanded to examine the range of brines produced from marginal gas wells. The specific object of the research is to demonstrate that the characteristics of wastewater from stripper oil wells and marginal gas wells are sufficiently similar to be treated under a standardized treatment methodology, that the environmental impacts of the discharge of treated brines from both stripper oil and marginal gas wells can be adequately regulated, and that the inclusion of marginal gas wells in the same category as stripper oil wells is appropriate, especially for wells operating in the Appalachian Basin.
Date:
December 31, 1993
Creator:
Adewumi, M. A. & Watson, R. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[News Clip: Meza]
Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story about the parole of Raul Meza. The story includes footage of protestors and exteriors of the Mineral Wells, Texas Pre-Parole Facility by Concept, Inc. An unidentified interviewed man is interviewed about the possible release of a violent inmate and security of the facility. This footage was broadcast at 12pm.
Date:
July 8, 1993
Creator:
KXAS-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type:
Video
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Integration of the geological/engineering model with production performance for Patrick Draw Field, Wyoming
The NIPER Reservoir Assessment and Characterization Research Program incorporates elements of the near-term, mid-term and long-term objectives of the National Energy Strategy-Advanced Oil Recovery Program. The interdisciplinary NIPER team focuses on barrier island reservoirs, a high priority class of reservoirs, that contains large amounts of remaining oil in place located in mature fields with a high number of shut-in and abandoned wells. The project objectives are to: (1) identify heterogeneities that influence the movement and trapping of reservoir fluids in two examples of shoreline barrier reservoirs (Patrick Draw Field, WY and Bell Creek Field, MT); (2) develop geological and engineering reservoir characterization methods to quantify reservoir architecture and predict mobile oil saturation distribution for application of targeted infill drilling and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes; and (3) summarize reservoir and production characteristics of shoreline barrier reservoirs to determine similarities and differences. The major findings of the research include: (1) hydrogeochemical analytical techniques were demonstrated to be an inexpensive reservoir characterization tool that provides information on reservoir architecture and compartmentalization; (2) the formation water salinity in Patrick Draw Field varies widely across the field and can result in a 5 to 12% error in saturation values calculated from wireline logs if …
Date:
March 1, 1993
Creator:
Jackson, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary study of discharge characteristics of slim holes compared to production wells in liquid-dominated geothermal reservoirs
There is current interest in using slim holes for geothermal exploration and reservoir assessment. A major question that must be addressed is whether results from flow or injection testing of slim holes can be scaled to predict large diameter production well performance. This brief report describes a preliminary examination of this question from a purely theoretical point of view. The WELBOR computer program was used to perform a series of calculations of the steady flow of fluid up geothermal boreholes of various diameters at various discharge rates. Starting with prescribed bottomhole conditions (pressure, enthalpy), the WELBOR code integrates the equations expressing conservation of mass, momentum and energy (together with fluid constitutive properties obtained from the steam tables) upwards towards the wellhead using numerical techniques. This results in computed profiles of conditions (pressure, temperature, steam volume fraction, etc.) as functions of depth within the flowing well, and also in a forecast of wellhead conditions (pressure, temperature, enthalpy, etc.). From these results, scaling rules are developed and discussed.
Date:
June 1, 1993
Creator:
Pritchett, J. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal offshore statistics: 1992. Leasing, exploration, production, and revenues as of December 31, 1992
The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, enacted in 1953 and amended several times, charges the Secretary of the Interior with the responsibility for administering and managing mineral exploration and development of the outer continental shelf, as well as for conserving its natural resources. This report documents the following: Federal offshore lands; offshore leasing activity and status; offshore development activity; offshore production of crude oil and natural gas; Federal offshore oil and natural gas sales volume and royalties; revenue from Federal offshore leases; disbursement of Federal offshore revenue; reserves and resource estimates of offshore oil and natural gas; oil pollution in US and international waters; and international activities and marine minerals. 11 figs., 83 tabs.
Date:
December 31, 1993
Creator:
Francois, D. K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library