The light elements H, C, N, O and S are important for propellant production and life support in space. These light elements occur on Mars, and may occur on the martian moons Phobos and Deimos, in forms that would allow their collection as gasses. The martian north pole apparently contains large amounts (/approximately/10/sup 13/ MT) of H/sub 2/O but has not been probed or sampled. The martian atmosphere is relatively well known; a MW-scale plant could produce 1000 MT of O/sub 2/ per Earth-year by dissociation of CO/sub 2/ from the martian atmosphere. A plant of about 3 MW power might produce 1000 MT of H/sub 2/ plus O/sub 2/ per Earth-year by extracting and dissociating water from the martian moons (if they are chondritic), but more data and process development are needed before such a plant can be considered with certainty. 5 refs., 2 tabs.

The Republic of the Philippines is intensely interested in the identification, development, and conservation of natural resources. In keeping with this, the Government of the Philippines has recently completed a nationwide sedimentary basin evaluation program to assess hydrocarbon potential and assist in future exploration activities. This program of collection and interpretation of the radar imagery was designed to augment and complement the existing data base. The primary objective of the project was to further the goals of international energy development by aiding the Republic of the Philippines in the assessment of potential petroleum and geothermal prospects within the areas imaged. Secondary goals were to assist the Republic of the Philippines in utilizing state-of-the-art radar remote sensing technology for resource exploration, and to train key Philippines scientists in the use of imaging radar data. 9 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.

The Republic of the Philippines is intensely interested in the identification, development, and conservation of natural resources. In keeping with this, the Government of the Philippines has recently completed a nationwide sedimentary basin evaluation program to assess hydrocarbon potential and assist in future exploration activities. This program of collection and interpretation of the radar imagery was designed to augment and complement the existing data base. The primary objective of the project was to further the goals of international energy development by aiding the Republic of the Philippines in the assessment of potential petroleum and geothermal prospects within the areas imaged. Secondary goals were to assist the Republic of the Philippines in utilizing state-of-the-art radar remote sensing technology for resource exploration, and to train key Philippines scientists in the use of imaging radar data. 29 refs., 30 figs., 14 tabs.

This paper contains the presented papers at the fourth symposium on space nuclear power systems. Topics of these paper include: space nuclear missions and applications, reactors and shielding, nuclear electric and nuclear propulsion, high-temperature materials, instrumentation and control, energy conversion and storage, space nuclear fuels, thermal management, nuclear safety, simulation and modeling, and multimegawatt system concepts. (LSP)

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The advantages of using electric propulsion systems are well-known in the aerospace community with the most common being its high specific impulse, lower propellant requirements, and lower system mass. But these advantages may not be as important as the overall unique mission options electric propulsion makes possible, especially if the system is powered by a megawatt-class nuclear electric power source. Although the lack of suitable electric power systems has been a major drawback to electric propulsion, recent efforts have shown megawatt-class nuclear electric power systems are feasible and could be available by the turn of the century. Coupling this with the resurgence in interest in free-space electromagnetic transmission of energy and technology developments in this area provide a whole new aspect to the view of electric propulsion. The propulsion system now has a second mission function that may be of more value than the well understood benefits of electric propulsion; that is providing large quantities of prime power in support of a broad spectrum of mission tasks. 30 refs., 9 figs.

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This is a quarterly report detailing the budget and progress of the Office of Technology Assessment.

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Adequate, reliable space transportation is the key to this Nation’s future in space. Over the next several years, Congress must make critical decisions regarding the direction and funding of U.S. space transportation systems. These decisions include improving existing launch systems, designing and procuring new launch systems, and developing advanced technologies. America’s constrained budgetary environment and the lack of a national consensus about the future of the U.S. space program make Congress’s role in this process more difficult and important than ever.

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Future planetary missions require that comprehensive three-dimensional measurements of electrons and mass-resolved ions be made from three-axis stabilized spacecraft. In order to make these measurements without requiring expensive and resource intensive platforms to scan space mechanically, we are developing various systems that are designed to scan space electrostatically. These systems also make it possible to circumvent the significant shadowing that would be present even with a scan platform, caused by necessary spacecraft appendages such as communications antennas and a power source (RTG or solar cell panels). The systems, which are axially symmetric, select particles arriving from 360/degree/ in azimuth along conical surfaces whose polar (or elevation) angles, referenced to the instrument symmetry axes, are determined by applying suitable deflection voltages to shapes deflectors. Particles thus selected in polar angle pass into spherically or toroidally-shaped electrostatic analyzers. After analysis, the 360/degree/ outputs of the analyzers are divided into discrete angular swaths to provide azimuthal angle resolution. In the case of electrons, the analyzed particles can be detected directly; in the case of ions, the particles in each swath can be counted directly, or further analyzed with time-of-flight or magnetic analyzers to obtain the velocity distributions of the separated major ion constituents. …

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