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Hanford Works Monthly Report
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Fiscal Year 1999
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Journal of Undergraduate Research
3
Science & Technology Review
3
Annual Energy Outlook
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Brookhaven National Laboratory Annual Report
2
Energy Analysis Program Annual Report
2
Enhanced Wellbore Stabilization and Reservoir Productivity with Aphron Drilling Fluid Technology, Quarterly Report
2
Fiscal Year 2000
2
Operation Teapot
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Kitchen Appliance Upgrades Improve Water Efficiency at DOD Exchange Facilities: Best Management Practice Case Study #11: Commercial Kitchen Equipment (Brochure)
The Exchange, formerly the Army and Air Force Exchange Service (AAFES), is a joint military activity and the U.S. Department of Defense?s (DOD) oldest and largest retailer. The Exchange is taking a leadership role in water efficiency improvements in their commercial kitchens by integrating water efficiency concepts into the organization?s overall sustainability plan and objectives.
Date:
September 1, 2011
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
International technology exchange in support of the Defense Waste Processing Facility wasteform production
The nearly completed Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) is a Department of Energy (DOE) facility at the Savannah River Site that is designed to immobilize defense high level radioactive waste (HLW) by vitrification in borosilicate glass and containment in stainless steel canisters suitable for storage in the future DOE HLW repository. The DWPF is expected to start cold operation later this year (1990), and will be the first full scale vitrification facility operating in the United States, and the largest in the world. The DOE has been coordinating technology transfer and exchange on issues relating to HLW treatment and disposal through bi-lateral agreements with several nations. For the nearly fifteen years of the vitrification program at Savannah River Laboratory, over two hundred exchanges have been conducted with a dozen international agencies involving about five-hundred foreign national specialists. These international exchanges have been beneficial to the DOE`s waste management efforts through confirmation of the choice of the waste form, enhanced understanding of melter operating phenomena, support for paths forward in political/regulatory arenas, confirmation of costs for waste form compliance programs, and establishing the need for enhancements of melter facility designs. This paper will compare designs and schedules of the international vitrification …
Date:
August 23, 1989
Creator:
Kitchen, B. G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Precise Measurement of Process Temperature Differences
Measurement of power in a nuclear reactor system is comparable to measurement of yield in a chemical plant or to measurement of throughput in a paper mill process. In most reactor systems power is determined by measurement of heat transferred to the coolant. In this study reactor coolant heat-rise was determined by the differential-temperature measuring circuitry of a power calculator which computed and recorded reactor power. This paper presents measurement techniques involved in determining the differential temperature and may be of parallel interest to instrument engineers in other process fields.
Date:
January 16, 2003
Creator:
Kitchen, B. G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
International technology exchange in support of the Defense Waste Processing Facility wasteform production
The nearly completed Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) is a Department of Energy (DOE) facility at the Savannah River Site that is designed to immobilize defense high level radioactive waste (HLW) by vitrification in borosilicate glass and containment in stainless steel canisters suitable for storage in the future DOE HLW repository. The DWPF is expected to start cold operation later this year (1990), and will be the first full scale vitrification facility operating in the United States, and the largest in the world. The DOE has been coordinating technology transfer and exchange on issues relating to HLW treatment and disposal through bi-lateral agreements with several nations. For the nearly fifteen years of the vitrification program at Savannah River Laboratory, over two hundred exchanges have been conducted with a dozen international agencies involving about five-hundred foreign national specialists. These international exchanges have been beneficial to the DOE's waste management efforts through confirmation of the choice of the waste form, enhanced understanding of melter operating phenomena, support for paths forward in political/regulatory arenas, confirmation of costs for waste form compliance programs, and establishing the need for enhancements of melter facility designs. This paper will compare designs and schedules of the international vitrification …
Date:
August 23, 1989
Creator:
Kitchen, Bruce G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final Progress Report
The objective of this project was to complete the specifications and drawings for a variable speed kitchen exhaust system and the boiler heating system which when implemented will improve the heating efficiency of the building. The design work was focused in two key areas: kitchen ventilation and heating for the Ernie Turner Center building (ETC). RSA completed design work and issued a set of 100% drawings. RSA also worked with a cost estimator to put together a detailed cost estimate for the project. The design components are summarized.
Date:
March 21, 2011
Creator:
Fredeen, Amy
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experimental Evaluation of Installed Cooking Exhaust Fan Performance
The installed performance of cooking exhaust fans was evaluated through residential field experiments conducted on a sample of 15 devices varying in design and other characteristics. The sample included two rear downdraft systems, two under-cabinet microwave over range (MOR) units, three different installations of an under-cabinet model with grease screens across the bottom and no capture hood, two devices with grease screens covering the bottom of a large capture hood (one under-cabinet, one wall-mount chimney), four under-cabinet open hoods, and two open hoods with chimney mounts over islands. Performance assessment included measurement of airflow and sound levels across fan settings and experiments to quantify the contemporaneous capture efficiency for the exhaust generated by natural gas cooking burners.Capture efficiency is defined as the fraction of generated pollutants that are removed through the exhaust and thus not available for inhalation of household occupants. Capture efficiency (CE) was assessed for various configurations of burner use (e.g., single front, single back, combination of one front and one back, oven) and fan speed setting. Measured airflow rates were substantially lower than the levels noted in product literature for many of the units. This shortfall was observed for several units costing in excess of $1000. Capture …
Date:
November 1, 2010
Creator:
Singer, Brett C.; Delp, William W. & Apte, Michael G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Technical support document: Energy efficiency standards for consumer products: Room air conditioners, water heaters, direct heating equipment, mobile home furnaces, kitchen ranges and ovens, pool heaters, fluorescent lamp ballasts and television sets. Volume 2, Fluorescent lamp ballasts, television sets, room air conditioners, and kitchen ranges and ovens
This document is divided into ``volumes`` B through E, dealing with individual classes of consumer products. Chapters in each present engineering analysis, base case forecasts, projected national impacts of standards, life-cycle costs and payback periods, impacts on manufacturers, impacts of standards on electric utilities, and environmental effects. Supporting appendices are included.
Date:
November 1, 1993
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Establishing the acceptability of Savannah River site waste glass
The United States' first facility to immobilize high-level nuclear waste, the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF), will soon begin integrated nonradioactive testing. An important objective of that testing is to demonstrate that the DWPF product will comply with specifications established by the Department of Energy's Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (RW). In this report, the DWPF process and product are described, and the approach being taken to establish the acceptability of the DWPF product is presented. 8 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Plodinec, M. J. & Kitchen, B. G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fast recovery strain measurements in a nuclear test environment
The recovery of early-time (50 ..mu..s or less) strain gage data on structural response experiments in underground nuclear tests has been a continuing problem for experimenters at the Nevada Test Site. Strain measurement is one of the primary techniques used to obtain experimental data for model verification and correlation with predicted effects. Peak strains generally occur within 50 to 100 ..mu..s of the radiation exposure. Associated with the exposure is an intense electromagnetic impulse that produces potentials of kilovolts and currents of kiloamperes on the experimental structures. For successful operation, the transducer and associated recording system must recover from the initial noise overload and accurately track the strain response within about 50 ..mu..s of the nuclear detonation. A gaging and fielding technique and a recording system design that together accomplish these objectives are described. Areas discussed include: (1) noise source model; (2) experimental cassette design, gage application, grounding, and shielding; (3) cable design and shielding between gage and recorder; (4) recorder design including signal conditioner/amplifier, digital encoder, buffer memory, and uphole data transmission; and (5) samples of experimental data.
Date:
April 30, 1979
Creator:
Kitchen, W. R.; Nauman, W. J. & Vollmer, D. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Savannah River Site (SRS) environmental overview
The environmental surveillance activities at and in the vicinity of the Savannah River Site (SRS) (formerly the Savannah River Plant (SRP)) comprise one of the most comprehensive and extensive environmental monitoring programs in the United States. This overview contains monitoring data from routine and nonroutine radiological and nonradiological environmental surveillance activities, summaries of environmental protection programs in progress, a summary of National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) activities, and a listing of environmental permits (Appendix A) issued by regulatory agencies. This overview provides information about the impact of SRS operations on the public and the environment. The SRS occupies a large area of approximately 300 square miles along the Savannah River, principally in Aiken and Barnwell counties of South Carolina. SRS's primary function is the production of tritium, plutonium, and other special nuclear materials for national defense, for other governmental uses, and for some civilian purposes. From August 1950 to March 31, 1989, SRS was operated for the Department of Energy (DOE) by E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. On April 1, 1989 the Westinghouse Savannah River Company assumed responsibility as the prime contractor for the Savannah River Site.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
O'Rear, M. G.; Steele, J. L. & Kitchen, B. G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Technical support document: Energy efficiency standards for consumer products: Room air conditioners, water heaters, direct heating equipment, mobile home furnaces, kitchen ranges and ovens, pool heaters, fluorescent lamp ballasts and television sets. Volume 1, Methodology
The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (P.L. 94-163), as amended, establishes energy conservation standards for 12 of the 13 types of consumer products specifically covered by the Act. The legislation requires the Department of Energy (DOE) to consider new or amended standards for these and other types of products at specified times. DOE is currently considering amending standards for seven types of products: water heaters, direct heating equipment, mobile home furnaces, pool heaters, room air conditioners, kitchen ranges and ovens (including microwave ovens), and fluorescent light ballasts and is considering establishing standards for television sets. This Technical Support Document presents the methodology, data, and results from the analysis of the energy and economic impacts of the proposed standards. This volume presents a general description of the analytic approach, including the structure of the major models.
Date:
November 1, 1993
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Data report of the DOE-sponsored northwest marine sciences group, September-October 1980 cruise
This cruise was part of a continuing program to collect detailed information on the processes affecting plankton productivity, abundance, and distribution off the Washington coast, and on the chemistry, distribution, and flux of particulate material in these waters. The sampling program for this cruise was designed to determine the effect of the Quinault Canyon on the biology, chemistry, hydrography, and flux of particulate material in Washington coastal waters. The field program had three major components: Leg I, concerned with the deployment of current meters and measurement of water properties in the vicinity of Quinault Canyon; Leg II, predominantly a transect or survey phase; and Leg III, intensive sampling at a smaller number of sites to investigate important processes and rates. The intensive investigations focused on rates of important processes involved in transfer of energy and biomass in pelagic ecosystems and included measures of phytoplankton productivity, zooplankton grazing rates, microbial activity, flux of organic matter and suspended particulates, and characteristics of a near-bottom nepheloid layer. (ERB)
Date:
January 1, 1982
Creator:
Postel, J. R.; Peterson, W. K.; Kitchen, J. C. & Menzies, D. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Data report of the DOE-sponsored Northwest Marine Sciences Group July-August 1979 cruise
This cruise was part of a continuing program to collect detailed information on the processes affecting plankton productivity, abundance, and distribution off the Washington coast, and on the chemistry, distribution, and flux of particulate material in these waters. The sampling program for this cruise was designed to determine the effect of the Quinault Canyon on the biology, chemistry, hydrography, and flux of particulate material in Washington coastal waters. The field program had two major components: Leg I, predominantly a transect or survey phase; and Leg II, intensive sampling at a smaller number of sites to investigate important processes and rates. The transect phase provided an overview of biological and hydrographic parameters over a large region of the coastal zone. The information collected during Leg I provided the bases for selecting sites for intensive sampling on Leg II and also provided a broader geographical data base for interpreting and extrapolating the results of the intensive studies of Leg II. The intensive investigations focused on rates of important processes involved in transfer of energy and biomass in pelagic ecosystems and includes measures of phytoplankton productivity, zooplankton grazing rates, microbial activity, flux of organic matter and suspended particulates, and concentrations of trace metals …
Date:
November 1, 1980
Creator:
Postel, J.R.; Peterson, W.K.; Kitchen, J.C. & Menzies, D.W. (comps.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Technical support document: Energy efficiency standards for consumer products: Room air conditioners, water heaters, direct heating equipment, mobile home furnaces, kitchen ranges and ovens, pool heaters, fluorescent lamp ballasts and television sets. Volume 3, Water heaters, pool heaters, direct heating equipment, and mobile home furnaces
This is Volume 3 in a series of documents on energy efficiency of consumer products. This volume discusses energy efficiency of water heaters. Water heaters are defined by NAECA as products that utilize oil, gas, or electricity to heat potable water for use outside the heater upon demand. These are major appliances, which use a large portion (18% on average) of total energy consumed per household (1). They differ from most other appliances in that they are usually installed in obscure locations as part of the plumbing and are ignored until they fail. Residential water heaters are capable of heating water up to 180{degrees}F, although the setpoints are usually set lower.
Date:
November 1, 1993
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy-efficient lighting for kitchens and bathrooms
This booklet intended for the consumer explains ways to make kitchen and bathroom lighting more energy efficient.
Date:
May 1, 1993
Creator:
Baker, W. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Phase and Frequency Locked Magnetrons for SRF Sources
Magnetrons are low-cost highly-efficient microwave sources, but they have several limitations, primarily centered about the phase and frequency stability of their output. When the stability requirements are low, such as for medical accelerators or kitchen ovens, magnetrons are the very efficient power source of choice. But for high energy accelerators, because of the need for frequency and phase stability - proton accelerators need 1-2 degrees source phase stability, and electron accelerators need .1-.2 degrees of phase stability - they have rarely been used. We describe a novel variable frequency cavity technique which will be utilized to phase and frequency lock magnetrons.
Date:
May 1, 2009
Creator:
Neubauer, M.; Johnson, R. P.; Popovic, M. & Moretti, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Modeling of indoor/outdoor fungi relationships in forty-four homes
From April through October 1994, a study was conducted in the Moline, Illinois-Bettendorf, Iowa area to measure bioaerosol concentrations in 44 homes housing a total of 54 asthmatic individuals. Air was sampled 3 to 10 times at each home over a period of seven months. A total of 852 pairs of individual samples were collected indoors at up to three locations (basement, kitchen, bedroom, or living room) and outside within two meters of each house.
Date:
December 31, 1996
Creator:
Rizzo, M.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Heating Water with Solar Energy Costs Less at the Phoenix Federal Correctional Institution
A large solar thermal system installed at the Phoenix Federal Correctional Institution (FCI) in 1998 heats water for the prison and costs less than buying electricity to heat that water. This renewable energy system provides 70% of the facility's annual hot water needs. The Federal Bureau of Prisons did not incur the up-front cost of this system because it was financed through an Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC). The ESPC payments are 10% less than the energy savings so that the prison saves an average of$6,700 per year, providing an immediate payback. The solar hot water system produces up to 50,000 gallons of hot water daily, enough to meet the needs of 1,250 inmates and staff who use the kitchen, shower, and laundry facilities.
Date:
September 1, 2004
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3D Magnetotelluic characterization of the Coso GeothermalField
Electrical resistivity may contribute to progress inunderstanding geothermal systems by imaging the geometry, bounds andcontrolling structures in existing production, and thereby perhapssuggesting new areas for field expansion. To these ends, a dense grid ofmagnetotelluric (MT) stations plus a single line of contiguous bipolearray profiling has been acquired over the east flank of the Cosogeothermal system. Acquiring good quality MT data in producing geothermalsystems is a challenge due to production related electromagnetic (EM)noise and, in the case of Coso, due to proximity of a regional DCintertie power transmission line. To achieve good results, a remotereference completely outside the influence of the dominant source of EMnoise must be established. Experimental results so far indicate thatemplacing a reference site in Amargosa Valley, NV, 65 miles from the DCintertie, isstill insufficient for noise cancellation much of the time.Even though the DC line EM fields are planar at this distance, theyremain coherent with the nonplanar fields in the Coso area hence remotereferencing produces incorrect responses. We have successfully unwrappedand applied MT times series from the permanent observatory at Parkfield,CA, and these appear adequate to suppress the interference of thecultural EM noise. The efficacy of this observatory is confirmed bycomparison to stations taken using an ultra-distant …
Date:
April 23, 2007
Creator:
Newman, Gregory A.; Hoversten, G. Michael; Wannamaker, Philip E. & Gasperikova, Erika
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Issues in federal preemption of state appliance energy efficiency regulations
The findings and conclusions of the analysis of the various issues involved in the federal preemption of state regulations for the DOE no standard rule on covered appliances are summarized. The covered products are: refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers, freezers, clothes dryers, kitchen ranges and ovens, water heaters (excluding heat pump water heaters), room air conditioners, central air conditioners (excluding heat pumps), and furnaces. A detailed discussion of the rationale for the positions of groups offering comment for the record is presneted. The pertinent categories of state and local regulations and programs are explained, then detailed analysis is conducted on the covered products and regulations. Issues relating to the timing of preemption of state regulations are discussed, as well as issues relating to burden of proof, contents of petitions for exemptions from preemption, criteria for evaluating petitions, and procedural and other issues. (LEW)
Date:
December 1, 1982
Creator:
Fang, J. M.; Balistocky, S. & Schaefler, A. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Component Leakage Testing in Residential Buildings
The common approach to leakage area measurements in residential housing through pressurization of an entire structure with a blower door. However, this technique does not provide quantitative measurements of the leakiness of individual building components. By pressurizing individual components, it is possible to determine the distribution of leakage within a structure. The studies described in this paper involved measurement of the leakage areas of fireplaces, bathroom and kitchen exhaust vents, electrical outlets and leakage in the ducts of forced air distribution systems. Component leakage measurements were made in a total of thirty-four houses in Atlanta, Georgia, Reno, Nevada and the San Francisco Bay area. Damperless fireplaces and ductwork were found to be the most significant sources of leakage in the western houses. In the Atlanta houses, where cooling loads dominate, the significant leakage area was in the ductwork of the distribution system for central air conditioning that passes through the unconditioned space in the attic and crawlspace.
Date:
July 1, 1982
Creator:
Dickerhoff, D. J.; Grimsrud, D. T. & Lipschutz, R. D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Schlumberger soundings, audio-magnetotelluric soundings and telluric mapping in and around the Coso Range, California
Results of geophysical surveys in and around the Coso Range, and in particular in the area surrounding Coso Hot Springs are reported. Electrical properties of rocks associated with thermal phenomena of the Devil's Kitchen-Coso Hot Springs area in the Coso rhyolite dome field and the large arcuate fracture system previously postulated to represent a stage of incipient caldera formation were studied. Six individual plates are included. Plate 1 shows the index map for the location of the Schlumberger soundings. In addition plate 1 also includes the location of audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) cross section A-A' and B-B' (Plates 2 and 3), and dc resistivity cross sections D-D' and C-C' (Plates 4 and 5). The automatically processed and interpreted data are shown in the graphs given in appendixes I and II. (JGB)
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Jackson, D.B.; O'Donnell, J.E. & Gregory, D.I.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of fault tree analysis to ignition of fire
The potential impact of fire can be characterized by (I) the probability of ignition, (II) the probability distribution of fire growth as a function of time, and (III) the conditional probability distribution of losses given that a fire has broken out. The original ignition of unwanted fires has four principal causes of ignition: loss of control of wanted fire, arson, spontaneous combustion, and malfunction of equipment. Loss of control refers to ignitions which start with a planned or wanted ignition, but which, due to human error causing a sufficient heat transfer to the target fuel, results in unwanted spread. Malfunction refers to equipment failures such as overloaded electrical circuits or exploding heaters. A fault tree example based on the results of the National Household Fire Survey is constructed for the common situation of fire starting in a kitchen. The minimum cut sets of the fault tree are a listing of the possible fire scenarios to which probability of occurrence can be quantitatively assigned by using fire statistics from the field.
Date:
October 1, 1978
Creator:
Ling, W. C. Teresa & Williamson, Robert Brady
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
They all like it hot: faster cleanup of contaminated soil and groundwater
Clean up a greasy kitchen spill with cold water and the going is slow. Us hot water instead and progress improves markedly. So it makes sense that cleanup of greasy underground contaminants such as gasoline might go faster if hot water or steam were somehow added to the process. The Environmental Protection Agency named hundreds of sites to the Superfund list - sites that have been contaminated with petroleum products or petroleum products or solvents. Elsewhere across the country, thousands of properties not identified on federal cleanup lists are contaminated as well. Given that under current regulations, underground accumulations of solvent and hydrocarbon contaminants (the most serious cause of groundwater pollution) must be cleaned up, finding a rapid and effective method of removing them is imperative. In the early 1990`s, in collaboration with the School of Engineering at the University of California at Berkeley, Lawrence Livermore developed dynamic underground stripping. This method for treating underground contaminants with heat is much faster and more effective than traditional treatment methods.
Date:
March 1, 1998
Creator:
Newmark, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library