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The operational status of the Booster injector for the AGS accelerator complex at BNL
The Booster synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory has been incorporated into the accelerator chain at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) complex. After a successful first commissioning effort in the spring of 1991, the Booster has been part of this year's silicon, gold and proton physics runs. After a brief review of the Booster design goals, and of the early commissioning, this paper will summarize this year's activities.
Date:
January 1, 1992
Creator:
Ahrens, L.; Bleser, E.; Brennan, J. M.; Gardner, C.; Gill, E.; Glenn, J. W. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lower active metals loading for hydrotreating catalysts
Hydrous Metal Oxides (HMOs) are chemically synthesized materials which contain a homogeneous distribution of ion exchangeable alkali cations that provide charge compensation to the metal-oxygen framework. Both the presence of these alkali cations and the resulting high cation exchange capacities (4-5 meq/g) clearly set these HMO materials apart from conventional precipitated hydrous oxides. For catalyst applications, the HMO material serves as an ion exchangeable support which facilitates the uniform incorporation of catalyst precursor species. Following catalyst precursor incorporation, an activation step is required to convert the catalyst precursor to the desired active phase. Considerable process development activities at Sandia National Laboratories related to HMO materials have resulted in bulk silica-doped hydrous titanium oxide (HTO:Si)-supported NiMo catalysts that are more active in model compound reactions than commercial NiMo catalysts. These reactions, e.g. pyrene hydrogenation, simulate direct coal liquefaction. However, extension of this process to produce NiMo/HTO:Si catalyst coatings on commercial supports is of interest for liquefaction applications since overall catalyst cost can be reduced and bulk HTO:Si mechanical limitations can be circumvented. In the present effort, NiMo/HTO:Si has been evaluated for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of coal derived liquids. NiMo/HTO:Si catalysts have been evaluated in both bulk (unsupported) form and …
Date:
September 1, 1994
Creator:
Lott, S. E.; Gardner, T. J.; McLaughlin, L. I. & Oelfke, J. B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of nickel molybdenum hydrous metal oxides with commercial catalysts for HDS/HDN of coal liquids
Improved efficiency in direct coal liquefaction processes can be obtained by developing catalysts with better activity, selectivity, and life. In previous exploratory research at Sandia National Laboratories, catalysts prepared via hydrous metal oxide (HMO) ion exchangers have been shown to have potential for application to a number of reactions associated with the conversion of coal to liquid fuels. In the present effort, one member of this class of catalysts, hydrous titanium oxide (HTO), has been used to develop catalysts for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of coal liquids. For HYD of pyrone, unsupported NiMoHTO catalysts performed better than commercial benchmark catalysts on either a catalyst weight or active metals basis. In a side-by-side comparison of supported NiMoHTO catalysts with commercial counterparts, the supported NiMoHTO catalysts outperformed the Shell 324 and Amocat 1C catalysts for HYD of pyrene. For HDS/HDN of coal liquids, the supported and bulk forms of the NiMoHTO catalysts equaled the performance of the commercial catalysts at 500, 1000, and 1500 psig while containing less active metals. Possible reasons for the high activity of the NiMoHTO catalysts are a high dispersion of the active MoS{sub 2} phase and a high acidity of the bulk NiMoHTO.
Date:
June 1, 1994
Creator:
Lott, S. E.; Gardner, T. J.; McLaughlin, L. I. & Oelfke, J. B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
On the high intensity aspects of AGS Booster proton operation
Observations of high intensity effects on the proton performance of the AGS Booster are presented, including present operational limits and correction methods. The transverse emittances, optimum tune working points, damping of coherent transverse oscillations and correction of stopband resonances through third-order are discussed in addition to the observed tune spread due to space charge forces. The initial longitudinal phase space distribution, capture and acceleration parameters and measurements are also given. Operational tools and strategies relevant to the high intensity setup are mentioned.
Date:
January 1, 1993
Creator:
Reece, R. K.; Ahrens, L. A.; Bleser, E. J.; Brennan, J. M.; Gardner, C.; Glenn, J. W. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
On the high intensity aspects of AGS Booster proton operation
Observations of high intensity effects on the proton performance of the AGS Booster are presented, including present operational limits and correction methods. The transverse emittances, optimum tune working points, damping of coherent transverse oscillations and correction of stopband resonances through third-order are discussed in addition to the observed tune spread due to space charge forces. The initial longitudinal phase space distribution, capture and acceleration parameters and measurements are also given. Operational tools and strategies relevant to the high intensity setup are mentioned.
Date:
June 1, 1993
Creator:
Reece, R. K.; Ahrens, L. A.; Bleser, E. J.; Brennan, J. M.; Gardner, C.; Glenn, J. W. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hydrotreating studies involving NiMo/silica-doped hydrous titanium oxide (HTO:Si)-coated alumina catalysts
For hydrotreating a petroleum-derived liquid feed at 400 C, LHSV = 2. 5 g/g{sub cat}/h, and 1500 psig hydrogen (H) pressure, both HDS and HDN activities were roughly equivalent for a name/TO:Si-coated Amocat catalyst and a commercial alumina-supported name catalyst (Amocat 1C). Superior HDN performance was exhibited by the name/TO: Si-coated Amocat catalyst at low H pressure (500 psig) and after H pressure cycling (1500-500-1500 psig) relative to Amocat 1C. Consistent with previous results obtained on a coal-derived liquid feed, the HDS/HDN results with the petroleum-derived liquid showed that the performance of the name/TO:Si-coated Amocat catalyst on an active metals weight basis exceeded the performance of Amocat 1C at all test conditions. The name/TO:Si-coated Amocat catalyst also showed potentially increased hydrogenation activity, increased resistance to deactivation, and increased yields of lower boiling point distillate fractions, although further work is needed.
Date:
July 1, 1996
Creator:
Gardner, T.J.; Miller, J.E.; McLaughlin, L.I. & Trudell, D.E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ion-implantation doping in SiC and its device applications
The latest ion-implantation results on SiC are presented. The authors have performed nitrogen and phosphorus (N/P) co-implantations to obtain very high n-type carrier concentrations, Si and C bombardments for compensating n-type SiC, and V-implantation for compensating p-type SiC. They have also performed N and Al implantations directly into V-doped semi-insulating 6H-SiC substrates. Vertical p-n junction diodes were made by selective area N, P, and N/P implantations into p-type epitaxial layers grown on 6H-SiC substrates.
Date:
October 1, 1997
Creator:
Rao, M.V.; Gardner, J.; Edwards, A.; Papanicolaou, N.; Kelner, G.; Holland, O.W. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Non-fusion applications of RF and microwave technology
The processing of materials using rf and/or microwave power is a broad area that has grown significantly in the past few years. The authors have applied rf and microwave technology in the areas of ceramic sintering, plasma processing, and waste processing. The sintering of ceramics in the frequency range of 50 MHz-28 GHz has lead to unique material characteristics compared to materials that have been sintered conventionally. It has been demonstrated that sintering can be achieved in a variety of materials, including alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, and boron carbide. In the area of plasma processing, progress has been made in the development and understanding of high density plasma sources, including inductively coupled plasma (ICP) sources. The effects of processing conditions on the ion energy distribution at the substrate surface (a critical processing issue) have been determined for a variety of process gases. The relationship between modeling and experiment is being established. Microwave technology has also been applied to the treatment of radioactive and chemical waste. The application of microwaves to the removal of contaminated concrete has been demonstrated. Details of these programs and other potential application areas are discussed.
Date:
December 1, 1995
Creator:
Caughman, J.B.O.; Baity, F.W.; Bigelow, T.S.; Gardner, W.L.; Hoffman, D.J.; Forrester, S.C. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Governor & Mrs. George W. Bush reception invitation]
Scan of a formal invitation to a reception honoring Governor and Mrs. George W. Bush after Bush's re-election. On one side of the invitation is a list of Honorary Chairpersons, Republican National Committee members, Co-Chairperson, Vice Chairpersons, and Host Committee members. Charles Francis is included in the list of Vice Chairpersons.
Date:
June 18, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Generalized emittance measurements in a beam transport line
Motivated by the need to commission 3 beam transport lines for the new AGS Booster project, we have developed a generalized emittance-measurement program; beam line specifics are entirely resident in data tables, not in program code. For instrumentation, the program requires one or more multi-wire profile monitors; one or multiple profiles are acquired from each monitor, corresponding to one or multiple tunes of the transport line. Emittances and Twiss parameters are calculated using generalized algorithms. The required matix descriptions of the beam optics are constructed by an on-line general beam modeling program. Design of the program, its algorithms, and initial experience with it will be described. 4 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
January 1, 1991
Creator:
Skelly, J.; Gardner, C.; Luccio, A.; Kponou, A. & Reece, K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Catalytic Membrane Sensors
The proposed "catalytic membrane sensor" (CMS) was developed to generate a device which would selectively identify a specific reagent in a complex mixture of gases. This was to be accomplished by modifying an existing Hz sensor with a series of thin films. Through selectively sieving the desired component from a complex mixture and identifying it by decomposing it into Hz (and other by-products), a Hz sensor could then be used to detect the presence of the select component. The proposed "sandwich-type" modifications involved the deposition of a catalyst layered between two size selective sol-gel layers on a Pd/Ni resistive Hz sensor. The role of the catalyst was to convert organic materials to Hz and organic by-products. The role of the membraneo was to impart both chemical specificity by molecukir sieving of the analyte and converted product streams, as well as controlling access to the underlying Pd/Ni sensor. Ultimately, an array of these CMS elements encompassing different catalysts and membranes were to be developed which would enable improved selectivity and specificity from a compiex mixture of organic gases via pattern recognition methodologies. We have successfully generated a CMS device by a series of spin-coat deposited methods; however, it was determined that …
Date:
December 1, 1998
Creator:
Boyle, T.J.; Brinker, C.J.; Gardner, T.J.; Hughes, R.C. & Sault, A.G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The reaction of hydroperoxy-propyl radicals with molecular oxygen
Addition of hydroperoxy-alkyl radicals to molecular oxygen leads to chain branching in autoignition and engine knock, and in low temperature oxidation of paraffins. Rate constants and product channels for reaction of hydroperoxy-propyl radicals with O{sub 2} are estimated using thermodynamic properties, bimolecular quantum Kassel analysis and transition state theory. Thermochemistry of relevant molecules and radicals is estimated using group additivity and bond dissociation groups for radicals. Results show that rates of the hydroperoxy-propyl radical addition to O{sub 2} are near their high pressure limits at {ge} 1 atm. Main products at 1--15 atm are stabilization, reverse reaction to hydroperoxy-propyl + O{sub 2} and alkyl carbonyl + OH. Reactions of the stabilized adducts, dissociation rates and product channels are estimated using unimolecular quantum Kassel analysis, because stabilization is the most important hydroperoxy-propyl radical + O{sub 2} product channel. Below 700 K, the stabilized peroxy adducts react primarily to hydroperoxy-carbonyl + OH, products which lead to chain branching. Above 700K, the stabilized peroxy adducts react primarily to hydroperoxy-propyl radical + O{sub 2}, initial reactants, which inhibits the overall oxidation. This switchover in channels correlates well observed negative temperature coefficient behavior for propane oxidation. Rate expressions for reaction of each of the three …
Date:
December 3, 1993
Creator:
Bozzelli, J. W. & Pitz, W. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Observation and correction of resonance stopbands in the AGS Booster
At the design intensity of 1.5 {times} 10{sup 13} ppp, the space charge tune shift in the AGS Booster at injection has been estimated to be about 0.35. Therefore, the beam is spread over may lower order resonance lines and the stopbands have to be corrected to minimize the amplitude growth by proper compensation of the driving harmonics resulting from random errors. The observation and correction of second and third order resonance stopbands in the AGS Booster, and the establishment of a favorable operating point at high intensity are discussed.
Date:
June 1, 1993
Creator:
Gardner, C.; Shoji, Y.; Ahrens, L.; Glenn, J. W.; Lee, Y. Y.; Roser, T. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Environmental sampling and mud sampling program of CSDP (Continental Scientific Drilling Program) core hole VC-2B, Valles Caldera, New Mexico
An environmental sampling and drilling mud sampling program was conducted during the drilling operations of Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP) core hole VC-2B, Valles caldera, New Mexico. A suite of four springs and creeks in the Sulphur Springs area were monitored on a regular basis to ensure that the VC-2B drilling program was having no environmental impact on water quality. In addition, a regional survey of springs in and around the Jemez Mountains was conducted to provide background data for the environmental monitoring. A drilling mud monitoring program was conducted during the operations to help identify major fluid entries in the core hole. 32 refs., 14 figs., 7 tabs.
Date:
March 1, 1990
Creator:
Meeker, K.; Goff, F.; Gardner, J.N.; Trujillo, P.E. & Counce, D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Microwave annealing of ion implanted 6H-SiC
Microwave rapid thermal annealing has been utilized to remove the lattice damage caused by nitrogen (N) ion-implantation as well as to activate the dopant in 6H-SiC. Samples were annealed at temperatures as high as 1,400 C, for 10 min. Van der Pauw Hall measurements indicate an implant activation of 36%, which is similar to the value obtained for the conventional furnace annealing at 1,600 C. Good lattice quality restoration was observed in the Rutherford backscattering and photoluminescence spectra.
Date:
May 1996
Creator:
Gardner, J. A.; Rao, M. V.; Tian, Y. L.; Holland, O. W.; Kelner, G.; Freitas, J. A., Jr. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High Intensity Performance of the Brookhaven AGS.
The Brookhaven AGS provides 24 GeV protons for a multi-user program of fixed-target high energy physics experiments, such as the study of extremely rare Kaon decays. Up to 7 x 10{sup 13} protons are slowly extracted over 2.2 seconds each 5.1 seconds. The muon storage ring of the g-2 experiment is supplied with bunches of 7 x 10{sup 12} protons. Since the completion of the a 1.9 GeV Booster synchrotron and installation of a new high-power rf system and transition jump system in the AGS various modes of operation have been explored to overcome space charge limits and beam instabilities at these extreme beam intensities. Experiments have been done using barrier cavities to enable accumulation of debunched beam in the AGS as a potential path to significantly higher intensities. We report on the present understanding of intensity limitations and prospects for overcoming them.
Date:
March 29, 1999
Creator:
Ahrens, L. A.; Alessi, J.; Blaskiewicz, M.; Brennan, J. M.; Brown, K.; Gardner, C. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Flue gas desulfurization by rotating beds
The operating and mass transfer characteristics of rotating foam metal beds were studied to determine the potential for flue gas desulfurization. This is a final technical report on the work supported by DOE [number sign]FG22-87-PC79924. The report is divided into two sections, Part 1 deals primarily with the operating characteristics of rotating beds, and Part 2 covers the mass transfer characteristics of S0[sub 2] absorption in water-lime slurries. Rotating foam metal beds are in essence packed towers operated in high gravitational fields. The foam metal bed is in the form of a cylindrical donut, or torus, and is rotated to produced the high centrifugal forces. The liquid phase enters the bed at the inner surface of the torus and is pulled by the field through the bed. Gas flows countercurrent to the liquid. The bed packing can have a very large specific surface areas and not flood. Possible benefits include much smaller height of a transfer unit resulting in smaller equipment and supporting structures, reduced solvent inventory, faster response with improved process control, reduced pressure drop, and shorter startup and shut-down times. This work is concerned broadly with the operating characteristics of rotating beds, the objectives being to (1) determine …
Date:
January 1, 1992
Creator:
Gardner, N.; Keyvani, M. & Coskundeniz, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Flue gas desulfurization by rotating beds. Final technical report
The operating and mass transfer characteristics of rotating foam metal beds were studied to determine the potential for flue gas desulfurization. This is a final technical report on the work supported by DOE {number_sign}FG22-87-PC79924. The report is divided into two sections, Part 1 deals primarily with the operating characteristics of rotating beds, and Part 2 covers the mass transfer characteristics of S0{sub 2} absorption in water-lime slurries. Rotating foam metal beds are in essence packed towers operated in high gravitational fields. The foam metal bed is in the form of a cylindrical donut, or torus, and is rotated to produced the high centrifugal forces. The liquid phase enters the bed at the inner surface of the torus and is pulled by the field through the bed. Gas flows countercurrent to the liquid. The bed packing can have a very large specific surface areas and not flood. Possible benefits include much smaller height of a transfer unit resulting in smaller equipment and supporting structures, reduced solvent inventory, faster response with improved process control, reduced pressure drop, and shorter startup and shut-down times. This work is concerned broadly with the operating characteristics of rotating beds, the objectives being to (1) determine the …
Date:
December 1, 1992
Creator:
Gardner, Nelson; Keyvani, Majid & Coskundeniz, Aydin
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Optimization of a Shaped-Charge Design Using Parallel Computers
Current supercomputers use large parallel arrays of tightly coupled processors to achieve levels of performance far surpassing conventional vector supercomputers. Shock-wave physics codes have been developed for these new supercomputers at Sandia National Laboratories and elsewhere. These parallel codes run fast enough on many simulations to consider using them to study the effects of varying design parameters on the performance of models of conventional munitions and other complex systems. Such studies maybe directed by optimization software to improve the performance of the modeled system. Using a shaped-charge jet design as an archetypal test case and the CTH parallel shock-wave physics code controlled by the Dakota optimization software, we explored the use of automatic optimization tools to optimize the design for conventional munitions. We used a scheme in which a lower resolution computational mesh was used to identify candidate optimal solutions and then these were verified using a higher resolution mesh. We identified three optimal solutions for the model and a region of the design domain where the jet tip speed is nearly optimal, indicating the possibility of a robust design. Based on this study we identified some of the difficulties in using high-fidelity models with optimization software to develop improved …
Date:
November 1, 1999
Creator:
Gardner, David R. & Vaughan, Courtenay T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The development and performance of a message-passing version of the PAGOSA shock-wave physics code
A message-passing version of the PAGOSA shock-wave physics code has been developed at Sandia National Laboratories for multiple-instruction, multiple-data stream (MIMD) computers. PAGOSA is an explicit, Eulerian code for modeling the three-dimensional, high-speed hydrodynamic flow of fluids and the dynamic deformation of solids under high rates of strain. It was originally developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory for the single-instruction, multiple-data (SIMD) Connection Machine parallel computers. The performance of Sandia`s message-passing version of PAGOSA has been measured on two MIMD machines, the nCUBE 2 and the Intel Paragon XP/S. No special efforts were made to optimize the code for either machine. The measured scaled speedup (computational time for a single computational node divided by the computational time per node for fixed computational load) and grind time (computational time per cell per time step) show that the MIMD PAGOSA code scales linearly with the number of computational nodes used on a variety of problems, including the simulation of shaped-charge jets perforating an oil well casing. Scaled parallel efficiencies for MIMD PAGOSA are greater than 0.70 when the available memory per node is filled (or nearly filled) on hundreds to a thousand or more computational nodes on these two machines, indicating that …
Date:
October 1, 1997
Creator:
Gardner, David R. & Vaughan, Courtenay T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The origin of elevated water levels in emplacement boreholes, Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site: A numerical study
The origin of elevated water levels in emplacement boreholes at Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site, is uncertain. If the water is from naturally perched aquifers, then presumed ``above water table`` weapons tests may directly impact the groundwater quality. The purpose of this study is to determine the probable source of the elevated water in boreholes by comparing modeled seepage of infiltrated drilling fluids, and the seepage from a simulated naturally perched aquifer with the observed water level history. In the model, large volumes of water are infiltrated, yet return flow of fluids back into the hole stops within three days after the end of drilling and is insufficient to produce observed standing water. Return flow is limited for two reasons: (1) the volume of the saturated rock next to the borehole is small; (2) pressure head gradient direct unsaturated flow away from the borehole. Simulation of seepage from a naturally perched aquifer readily reproduces the observed water levels.
Date:
December 1, 1993
Creator:
Gardner, G. G. & Brikowski, T. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of a process control sensor for the glass industry. Phase 2: Prototype design, development and demonstration
This report describes an advanced multichannel, on-line optical system for the non-contact measurement of forehearth glass melt temperatures at depth. The analyzer employs multiple narrow infrared (IR) band measurements of glass radiation to reconstruct the glass temperature profiles at depth. The TAS replaces expensive Tri-plex thermocouples, which frequently have service lives as short as 6 months to 1 years. By using passive non-contact sensor heads and fiber optic cables, temperature sensitive electronic components can be located at a safe distance from the hostile process environment. This provides significantly better reliability of the vulnerable electro-optic components and ready access for maintenance.
Date:
June 1, 1994
Creator:
Gardner, M.; Candee, A. & Koppang, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reservoir fracture mapping using microearthquakes: Austin chalk, Giddings field, TX and 76 field, Clinton Co., KY
Patterns of microearthquakes detected downhole defined fracture orientation and extent in the Austin chalk, Giddings field, TX and the 76 field, Clinton Co., KY. We collected over 480 and 770 microearthquakes during hydraulic stimulation at two sites in the Austin chalk, and over 3200 during primary production in Clinton Co. Data were of high enough quality that 20%, 31% and 53% of the events could be located, respectively. Reflected waves constrained microearthquakes to the stimulated depths at the base of the Austin chalk. In plan view, microearthquakes defined elongate fracture zones extending from the stimulation wells parallel to the regional fracture trend. However, widths of the stimulated zones differed by a factor of five between the two Austin chalk sites, indicating a large difference in the population of ancillary fractures. Post-stimulation production was much higher from the wider zone. At Clinton Co., microearthquakes defined low-angle, reverse-fault fracture zones above and below a producing zone. Associations with depleted production intervals indicated the mapped fractures had been previously drained. Drilling showed that the fractures currently contain brine. The seismic behavior was consistent with poroelastic models that predicted slight increases in compressive stress above and below the drained volume.
Date:
November 1, 1996
Creator:
Phillips, W. S.; Rutledge, J. T.; Gardner, T. L.; Fairbanks, T. D.; Miller, M. E. & Schuessler, B. K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Turn-by-Turn Analysis of Proton and Gold Beams at Injection in the AGS Booster.
In this paper we describe the latest version of a program we have used for several years to acquire and analyze turn-by-turn data from pick-up electrodes in the AGS Booster during injection. The program determines several parameters of the injected beam including the tunes and the position and angle of the incoming beam. Examples are given for both proton and gold injection.
Date:
March 29, 1999
Creator:
Gardner, C.; Ahrens, L. & Williams, N.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library