During the acceleration cycle of the AGS synchrotron, eddy currents are generated within the walls of the vacuum chambers of the AGS main magnets. The vacuum chambers have elliptical cross section, are made of inconel material with a wall thickness of 2 mm and are placed within the gap of the combined-function main magnets of the AGS synchrotron. The generation of the eddy currents in the walls of the vacuum chambers, creates various magnetic multipoles, which affect the optics of the AGS machine. In this report these magnetic multipoles are calculated for various time interval starting at the acceleration cycle, where the magnetic field of the main magnet is {approx}0.1 T, and ending before the beam extraction process, where the magnetic field of the main magnet is almost constant at {approx}1.1 T. The calculations show that the magnetic multipoles generated by the eddy-currents affect the optics of the AGS synchrotron during the acceleration cycle and in particular at low magnetic fields of the main magnet. Their effect is too weak to affect the optics of the AGS machine during beam extraction at the nominal energies.

An efficient, scalable, parallel algorithm for treating contacts in solid mechanics has been applied to interactions between particles in smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The algorithm uses three different decompositions within a single timestep: (1) a static FE-decomposition of mesh elements; (2) a dynamic SPH-decomposition of SPH particles; (3) and a dynamic contact-decomposition of contact nodes and SPH particles. The overhead cost of such a scheme is the cost of moving mesh and particle data between the decompositions. This cost turns out to be small in practice, leading to a highly load-balanced decomposition in which to perform each of the three major computational states within a timestep.

The method of cells has been extended to include damage or debonding between all adjacent subcells using a finite element formulation for the original cells assembly. Damage is implemented by placing a nonlinear three-dimensional spring between adjacent subcells. With this arrangement the damage is inherently anisotropic. The ``nonlinear substructure`` cells finite element model is incorporated as a user defined material routine in a general purpose finite element code. The primary motivation for casting the method of cells as a finite element assemblage is to provide a composite constitutive model that facilitates the incorporation of various constituent material models, as well as any level of detail desired in the microstructure geometry. At present, the constituent material models may be anisotropic elastic or isotropic viscoelastic-plastic, while damage evolution is based on the macroscopic strain. The capability of the model is demonstrated through analyses of some simple structures loaded to failure.

The Accumulator Ring for the proposed Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is to accept a 1 ms beam pulse from a 1 GeV Proton Linac at a repetition rate of 60 Hz. For each beam pulse, 10{sup 14} protons (some 1,000 turns) are to be accumulated via charge-exchange injection and then promptly extracted to an external target for the production of neutrons by spallation. At this very high intensity, stringent limits (less than two parts in 10,000 per pulse) on beam loss during accumulation must be imposed in order to keep activation of ring components at an acceptable level. To stay within the desired limit, the effects of random and systematic field errors in the ring require careful attention. This paper describes the studies of these effects and the magnetic corrector schemes for their compensation.

The Accumulator Ring for the proposed Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) [l] is to accept a 1 ms beam pulse from a 1 GeV Proton Linac at a repetition rate of 60 Hz. For each beam pulse, 10{sup 14} protons (some 1,000 turns) are to be accumulated via charge-exchange injection and then promptly extracted to an external target for the production of neutrons by spallation. At this very high intensity, stringent limits (less than two parts in 10,000 per pulse) on beam loss during accumulation must be imposed in order to keep activation of ring components at an acceptable level. To stay within the desired limit, the effects of random and systematic field errors in the ring require careful attention. This paper describes the authors studies of these effects and the magnetic corrector schemes for their compensation.

Four well-defined indium-dopant/lattice-defect complexes and the non-complexed substitutional indium dopant have been observed by perturbed angular correlation (PAC) spectroscopy in cerium oxide. PAC is a nuclear hyperfine experimental method that detects interactions between a radioactive probe nucleus and nearby atoms. The magnitude and symmetry of those interactions provide a signature for the electromagnetic fields at the probe nucleus. These fields are produced by the arrangement of charges and magnetic moments in the near environment of the probe, so they provide a means of identifying defect structures.

A number of compute codes have been modified or developed, both main-frame and PC. Seven codes, of which three are discussed in some detail. The later are: a controller-driven, double-precision version of the coupled-channel code ECIS; the latest version of STAPRE, a precompound plus Hauser-Feshbach nuclear reaction code; and NUSTART, a PC code that analyzes large sets of discrete nuclear levels and the multipole transitions among them. All main-frame codes are now being converted to the UNICOS operating system.

Knowledge of the production and destruction of long-lived species via neutrons, photons, and charged-particles is required in many fusion energy applications, such as reactor first-wall and blanket design, radioactive waste management, etc. Here we describe our calculational results for the production, via the (n,2n) reaction, of the following long-lived species: {sup 150}Eu(t{sub 1/2} = 36 y), {sup 152}Eu(t{sub 1/2} = 13 y), and {sup 192m2}Ir(t{sub 1/2} = 241 y). Some comments on calculations that we`ve made for destruction reactions of these species are also included.

p-Process modeling of some rare but stable proton-rich nuclei requires knowledge of a variety of neutron, charged particle, and photonuclear reaction rates at temperatures of 2 to 3 {times} 10{sup 9} {degrees}K. Detailed balance is usually invoked to obtain the stellar photonuclear rates, in spite of a number of well-known constraints. In this work we attempt to calculate directly the stellar rates for ({gamma},n) and ({gamma},{alpha}) reactions on {sup 151}Eu. These are compared with stellar rates obtained from detailed balance, using the same input parameters for the stellar (n,{gamma}) and ({alpha},{gamma}) reactions on {sup 150}Eu and {sup 147}Pm, respectively. The two methods yielded somewhat different results, which will be discussed along with some sensitivity studies. 16 refs., 7 figs.

Hydrous metal oxide (HMO) materials are inorganic ion exchangers which have many desirable characteristics for catalyst support applications, including high cation exchange capacity, anion exchange capability, high surface area, ease of adjustment of acidity and basicity, bulk or thin film preparation, and similar chemistry for preparation of various transition metal oxides. Cation exchange capacity is engineered into these materials through the uniform incorporation of alkali cations via manipulation of alkoxide chemistry. Specific examples of the effects of Na stoichiometry and the addition of SiO{sub 2} to hydrous titanium oxide (HTO) on ion exchange behavior will be given. Acid titration and cationic metal precursor complex exchange will be used to characterize the ion exchange behavior of these novel materials.

Two new concepts are being developed as possible upgrades to the folded waveguide launcher. The folded stripline is a folded waveguide with an additional conductor positioned inside. The term stripline refers to the resemblance of the design to microwave microstrip line. The conductor provides support for TEM mode propagation, which eliminates cutoff and the nonlinear frequency dependence of the waveguide impedance and phase velocity. A natural extension to the folded stripline is the stacked stripline, which comprises several stacked, independent TEM waveguides. Initial measurements indicate that both concepts have better magnetic flux coupling than the folded waveguide.

Very dilute (10{sub 12} cm{sup {minus}3}) indium donors in CdTe and ZnSe powders and in CdTe single crystals were investigated using {sup 111}In Perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy. Most indium atoms are in uncomplexed sites but can form weakly-bound complexes with native defects in very defective material. The only complex observed in CdTe is an indium-Cd vacancy pair. The CdTe in which these pairs occur is apparently n-type, most Cd vacancies are free and doubly-charged, and the binding energy with indium is 0.15 eV. In ZnSe, indium can pair with a Zn vacancy or with some other presently unidentified defect. These complexes form in ZnSe containing large concentrations of both free Zn vacancies and complexes of Zn vacancies with other defects. In CdTe, the pair formation equilibration time constant is two days at 15C,an implication that Cd vacancies are mobile at room temperature. Lattice relaxation around a Cd vacancy in CdTe was probed by single crystal PAC experiments.

This paper reports on new and surprising experimental data for catalytic film gas sensing resistors coated with nanoporous sol-gel films to impart selectivity and durability to the sensor structure. This work is the result of attempts to build selectivity and reactivity to the surface of a sensor by modifying it with a series of sol-gel layers. The initial sol-gel SiO{sub 2} layer applied to the sensor surprisingly showed enhanced O{sub 2} interaction with H{sub 2} and reduced susceptibility to poisons such as H{sub 2}S.

As a key component of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Project, the Accumulator Ring will collect the proton beam from the SNS LINAC at an intensity of 2 x 10{sup 14} per pulse at 60 Hz for a total power of 2 MW, exceeding present performance value of existing facilities. Requirements of minimum beam loss for hands-on maintenance and flexibility for future upgrade are essential for the lattice design. In this paper, we study an alternative lattice emphasizing various injection schemes and flexibility for future upgrade. Working points, sextupole families for chromaticity control, and alternate extraction schemes are also considered.

At the design intensity of 1.5 {times} 10{sup 13} ppp, the space charge tune shift in the AGS Booster at injection has been estimated to be about 0.35. The beam tunes are therefore spread over many lower order resonance lines and the associated stopbands must be corrected in order to minimize the amplitude growth due to resonance excitation. This requires proper compensation of the resonance-driving harmonics which result from random magnetic field errors. The observation and correction of second and third order resonance stopbands in the AGS Booster is reviewed, and an analysis of magnetic field imperfections based on the required corrections is given.

Nanoporous sol-gel based films are finding a wide variety of uses including gas separations and supports for heterogeneous catalysts. The films can be formed by spin or dip coating, followed by relatively low temperature annealing. The authors used several types of these films as coatings on the Pd alloy thin film sensors they had previously fabricated and studied. The sol-gel films have little effect on the sensing response to H{sub 2} alone. However, in the presence of other gases, the nanoporous film modifies the sensor behavior in several beneficial ways. (1) They have shown that the sol-gel coated sensors were only slightly poisoned by high concentrations of H{sub 2}S while uncoated sensors showed moderate to severe poisoning effects. (2) For a given partial pressure of H{sub 2}, the signal from the sensor is modified by the presence of O{sub 2} and other oxidizing gases.

Because of their commercial availability in bulk single crystal form, the 6H- and 4H- polytypes of SiC are gaining importance for high-power, high-temperature, and high-frequency device applications. Selective area doping is a crucial processing step in integrated circuit manufacturing. In Si technology, selective area doping is accomplished by thermal diffusion or ion-implantation. Because of the low diffusion coefficients of most impurities in SiC, ion implantation is indispensable in SiC device manufacturing. In this paper the authors present their results on donor, acceptor, and compensation implants in 6H-SiC.

React-before-wind surface-coated BSCCO-2212 is being established as a relatively low cost HTS conductor for practical applications. Quality tape is presently being manufactured in 450-500m lengths at a cost estimated to be 1/3-1/5 of the industry costs of BSCCO-2223 powder-in-tube tape. Robust, mechanically sound coils for applications ranging from NMR insert magnets to transformer windings are being made from this BSCCO-2212 tape. The coils have performed consistently through test and thermal cycling without degradation and as projected from short sample measurements. A hybrid approach, which uses mainly BSCCO- 2212 augmented by BSCCO-2223 conductor in the high radial field end regions, is expected to halve magnet system costs.

The Accumulator Ring for the proposed National Spallation Neutron Source (NSNS) is to accept a 1.03 millisecond beam pulse from a 1 GeV Proton Linac at a repetition rate of 60 Hz. For each beam pulse, 10{sup 14} protons are to be accumulated via charge-exchange injection. A 295 nanosecond gap in the beam, maintained by an rf system, will allow for extraction to an external target for the production of neutrons by spallation. This paper describes the four-fold symmetric lattice that has been chosen for the ring. The lattice contains four long dispersion-free straight sections to accomodate injection, extraction, rf cavities, and beam scraping respectively. The four-fold symmetry allows for easy adjustment of the tunes and flexibility in the placement of correction elements, and ensures that potentially dangerous betatron structure resonances are avoided.

Hydrous Metal Oxides (HMOs) are chemically synthesized materials which contain a homogeneous distribution of ion exchangeable alkali cations that provide charge compensation to the metal-oxygen framework. In terms of the major types of inorganic ion exchangers defined by Clearfield, these amorphous HMO materials are similar to both hydrous oxides and layered oxide ion exchangers (e.g., alkali metal titanates). For catalyst applications, the HMO material serves as an ion exchangeable support which facilitates the uniform incorporation of catalyst precursor species. Following catalyst precursor incorporation, an activation step is required to convert the catalyst precursor to the desired active phase. Considerable process development activities at Sandia National Laboratories related to HMO materials have resulted in bulk hydrous titanium oxide (HTO)- and silica-doped hydrous titanium oxide (HTO:Si)-supported NiMo catalysts that are more active in model reactions which simulate direct coal liquefaction (e.g., pyrene hydrogenation) than commercial {gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-supported NiMo catalysts. However, a fundamental explanation does not exist for the enhanced activity of these novel catalyst materials; possible reasons include fundamental differences in support chemistry relative to commercial oxides, high surface area, or catalyst preparation effects (ion exchange vs. incipient wetness impregnation techniques). The goals of this paper are to identify the key …

Various theoretical calculations of radionuclides in the reactions {sup 94}Mo(n,p){sup 94}Nb, {sup 109}Ag(n,2n){sup 108m}Ag, {sup 151}Eu(n,2n){sup 150m}Eu, {sup 153}Eu(n,2n){sup 152g+m2}Eu, {sup 159}Tb(n,2n){sup 158}Tb, {sup 187}Re(n,2n){sup 186m}Re, {sup 179}Hf(n,2n){sup l78m2}Hf, {sup 193}Ir(n,2n){sup 192m2}Ir are compared. We normalize the theoretical results to the evaluated experimental data at 14.5 MeV, and take their average. This yields averaged theoretical excitation functions for the production of the various radionuclides at neutron energies ranging from threshold to 14.5 MeV. We discuss differences between the various theoretical results, and between theory and data where they exist. Our theoretical results may be used in conjunction with experimental data to produce evaluated radionuclide production cross sections for neutron energies lower than 14.5 MeV.

The harmonic content of magnetic field imperfections in the AGS Booster has been determined through careful measurements of the required field corrections of transverse resonances. An analysis of the required correction yielded amplitude and phase information which points to possible sources of imperfections. Dipole and quadrupole imperfections, which are proportional to the field of bending magnets (B), are mainly driven by any misalignment of the magnets. Quadrupole and sextupole imperfections, which are proportional to dB/dt, are driven by imperfections of the eddy-current correction system. The observations also suggest the presence of a remnant field.

The Booster synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory has been incorporated into the accelerator chain at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) complex. After a successful first commissioning effort in the spring of 1991, the Booster has been part of this year`s silicon, gold and proton physics runs. After a brief review of the Booster design goals, and of the early commissioning, this paper will summarize this year`s activities.

The Booster synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory has been incorporated into the accelerator chain at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) complex. After a successful first commissioning effort in the spring of 1991, the Booster has been part of this year's silicon, gold and proton physics runs. After a brief review of the Booster design goals, and of the early commissioning, this paper will summarize this year's activities.