This paper is primarily intended to give an account of a few of the diagnostic techniques that have been applied to a highly ionized, steady-state helium plasma at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. However, to establish a proper perspective it will first be well to describe briefly the system in which the plasma is generated and studied.

"In this paper we solve for the diffracted wave which results when a weak hydromegnetic shock impinges on a rigid perfectly conducting half plans."

Two IBM-704 codes have been written which are auxiliary to the Bevatron orbit code BOC. The first, BEFCYF, interpolates among tabulated values of the median-plane magnetic flux density of the Bevatron to produce an equivalent array of values in a form appropriate to BOC. The second, DBDT, produces azimuthal derivatives of the fields produced by BEFCYF. The internal operation of BEFCYF and DBDT is described, and instructions for their execution are given.

"Adlam and Allen and Davis, Lust, and Schluter have studied nonlinear plane-waves, propagating normal to the magnetic field, in a cold plasma. One solution of particular interest is a solitary wave, or single pulse. We present a method for solving the analogous problem for a plasma with finite temperature, in the limiting case where the amplitude of the wave is small and where, consequently, the width of the waver is very large."

During the past year notable progress was made in several laboratories on design for linear accelerators in the energy range up to and above 1 Bev. Interest in linacs for this energy centers on two possible applications: first, as injectors for 300 to 1000 Bev synchrotrons, and second, as sources of intense meson beams. To review this progress, a conference jointly sponsored by the Brookhaven National Laboratory and Yale University was held at Brookhaven during the week of August 20, 1962.

A title list of 119 reports published between 1952 to mid 1960 is given.

Abstract: "Microwaves have been used for several years at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory to study conditions in the magnetically contained plasmas of controlled fusion research. There are two basic microwave techniques. One gives information on electron density and distribution in the plasma, the other provides data on electron temperature. This paper briefly summarizes the established techniques, discusses engineering requirements and limitations, and describes some further applications of microwaves presently being considered."

Both in magnetohydrodynamic shocks and in accelerated partially ionized gas flow across a magnetic field, space charge separation occurs that establishes very large electric fields in the direction of motion. The width of the current layers associated with the acceleration is never less than the electron Larmor radius with no collisions and is broadened by electron collisions to a width solely determined by the effective resistivity. The electrons gain an energy regardless of collisions equal to the electric potential difference across the layer. This potential corresponds to the change in kinetic energy of mass motion per ion. For slightly ionized gases, the additional stress of neutral ion collisions within the layer can make the electric potential and hence gain in electron energy very large for only modest changes in mass velocity. Hence ionization may occur when the change in kinetic energy of the ions is small compared to the ionization potential.

Technical report on the activities of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Biology Division for the report period including a list of 346 publication and lectures and 205 short articles by members of the division on their research and activities.

"Activities related to Project Sherwood are summarized under the following topics: propagation of waves, macroscopic magneto-fluid dynamics, stability, particle orbits, cusped geometries, collisionless shock theory, and other subjects."

From abstract: "The electrical resistivity of NaxWO3, LixWO3, and KxWO3 has been measured at 300°K. The range of x-values was 0.25 < x < 0.9. All resistivities were characteristic of a metal and lie on a single curve. An extrapolation of the conductivity curve to zero conductivity indicated that the tungsten bronzes should be semiconductors for x < 0.25. The resistivities that have been measured for tungsten bronzes with x < 0.25 showed semiconducting behavior. The resistivity of LixWO3 exhibited an anomalous peak in the ρ vs Τ cuve. The Hall coefficient of Li0.37WO3 indicated one free electron per alkali atom as was previously found for NaxWO3. The Seebeck coefficient of NaxWO3 depended linearly on x[superscript]-2/3 as expected from free electron theory. The implications of these and some other data are discussed."

The guiding center motion and the adiabatic invariants of charged particle trajectories in electromagnetic fields are treated in this review. General and specific theories of charged particle motion are also reviewed.

"A finite difference approximation to a non-linear set of parabolic differential equations arising in shallow water theory is given. These difference equations were used to determine the shape and rate of propagation of a hum of fluid down a channel of constant depth. The hump of fluid was found to spread instead of steepen, as is the case in the usual shallow water theory."

Monoclinic FeSO4·7H2O is the stable solid phase between -1.82° and 56.6° C in contact with a saturated water solution of FeSO4. It occurs in nature as an oxidation product of Fe-containing sulfides an is called melanterite. FeSO4·7H2O belongs to a series of compounds Me2+SO4·nH2O, where Mn2+ is a cation with an approximate ionic radius of 0.7Å. The 1-, 4- and 5-hydrates are known to crystalize each in only one form, whereas the hexa- and the heptahydrates occur both in two different forms. The crystal structure of the tetragonal NiSO4·6H2O; Zalkin, Ruben and Templeton reported the structure of the monoclinic CoSO·6H2O. Of the structure of the heptahydrates but one was described: the orthorhombic form of NiSO4·7H2O. No details were known about one of the monoclinic heptahydrates, though Leonhardt and Ness published the cell constants and the space group of FeSO4·7H2O.. In addition they stated essentially correct positional parameters for the sulfur atom and gave the correct positions of the iron atoms. The present investigation has been undertaken as part of an extensive study of salt hydrates. A preliminary account has been published before.

"We compute the equilibrium configuration of a collision-free plasma contained in an axially symmetric magnetic field. The plasma is characterized by a non-scalar pressure tensor which is obtained from a microscopic distribution function in a form suggested b the guiding center approximation. The solution is calculated in the limit where the ratio of the width to the length of the plasma region and the ratio of the gas to the magnetic pressure are both small. Boundary values at the midplane as well as the shape of the plasma appear as arbitrary parameters in the solution. We give the solution to a corresponding scalar pressure problem for comparison."

The author presents a literature review of the clinical and experimental investigations into hypertension and phenomena associated with high blood pressure. The author discusses the topics of heredity, angiotensin-aldosterone system, vascular reactivity, ionic gradient and blood pressure, morphological changes, the kidney, sodium, the nervous system, catecholamines, the adrenal cortex, thyroid, antidiuertic hormone, ions other than sodium, obesity, aging, and atherosclerosis and their potential roles in hypertension. The author concludes that while far from understanding hypertension completely, several metabolic abnormalities have been discovered to be associated with hypertension and even play a "causal" role. He suggests that we should look much earlier in the life history of a hypertensive for etiological factors and subtle metabolic abnormalities than we do today.

An approximate Boltzmann equation, known as the single relaxation model is studied here. This equation is linearized and the fundamental solution is considered. Following N. Grad, the solution, asymptotic in small values of the ratio of mean-free-path to distance from the origin, is sought. It can be shown that the fundamental solution itself gives the asymptotic description of the flow field past an object. This solution gives the asymptotic description when the distance from the origin is much greater than either the mean-free-path or the body size. This is true independently of the Knudsen number.

This report, presented at the annual meeting of the Gerontological Society on November 10, 1961, expands on the research of Becquerel and Curies radioactive isotopes in medicine.

This revised version contains material published in the two years since the original report was issued in January 1960. The report covers the history of the discovery of fission, fission theory, and the probability of fission. It discusses the distribution of mass in fission, the distribution of nuclear charge in fission, kinetic energy of fission fragments, and the role of neutrons and gamma rays in fission.