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Final report on evaluation of cyclocraft support of oil and gas operations in wetland areas (open access)

Final report on evaluation of cyclocraft support of oil and gas operations in wetland areas

The cyclocraft is a proven hybrid aircraft, capable of VTOL, lifting heavy and bulky loads, highly controllable, having high safety characteristics and low operating costs. Mission Research Corporation (MRC), under Department of Energy sponsorship, is evaluating the potential use of cyclocraft in the transport of drill rigs, mud, pipes and other materials and equipment, in a cost effective and environmentally safe manner, to support oil and gas drilling, production, and transportation operations in wetland areas. Based upon the results of an earlier parametric study, a cyclocraft design, having a payload capacity of 45 tons and designated H.1 Cyclocraft, was selected for further study, including the preparation of a preliminary design and a development plan, and the determination of operating costs. This report contains all of the results derived from the program to evaluate the use of cyclocraft in the support of oil and gas drilling and production operations in wetland areas.
Date: October 1, 1994
Creator: Eggington, W. J.; Stevens, P. M.; John, C. J.; Harder, B. J. & Lindstedt, D. M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Closed Orbit Calculations at AGS and Extraction Beam Parameters at H13 (open access)

Closed Orbit Calculations at AGS and Extraction Beam Parameters at H13

None
Date: October 13, 1994
Creator: Tsoupas, N.; Foelsche, H. W.; Claus, J. & Thern, R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The development and testing of ceramic components in piston engines. Final report (open access)

The development and testing of ceramic components in piston engines. Final report

Within the past 10--15 years, ceramic hardware has been fabricated and tested in a number of piston engine applications including valves, piston pins, roller followers, tappet shims, and other wear components. It has been shown that, with proper design and installation, ceramics improve performance, fuel economy, and wear and corrosion resistance. These results have been obtained using rig and road tests on both stock and race engines. Selected summaries of these tests are presented in this review paper.
Date: October 1, 1994
Creator: McEntire, B.J.; Willis, R.W. & Southam, R.E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fourth conference on radiation protection and dosimetry: Proceedings, program, and abstracts (open access)

Fourth conference on radiation protection and dosimetry: Proceedings, program, and abstracts

This Conference is the fourth in a series of conferences organized by staff members of Oak Ridge National Laboratory in an effort to improve communication in the field of radiation protection and dosimetry. Scientists, regulators, managers, professionals, technologists, and vendors from the United States and countries around the world have taken advantage of this opportunity to meet with their contemporaries and peers in order to exchange information and ideas. The program includes over 100 papers in 9 sessions, plus an additional session for works in progress. Papers are presented in external dosimetry, internal dosimetry, radiation protection programs and assessments, developments in instrumentation and materials, environmental and medical applications, and on topics related to standards, accreditation, and calibration. Individual papers are indexed separately on EDB.
Date: October 1, 1994
Creator: Casson, W. H.; Thein, C. M. & Bogard, J. S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Performance assessment of grouted double-shell tank waste disposal at Hanford. Revision 1 (open access)

Performance assessment of grouted double-shell tank waste disposal at Hanford. Revision 1

This document assesses the performance of the Grout Disposal Facility after closure. The facility and disposal environment are modeled to predict the long-term impacts of the disposal action. The document concludes that the disposal system provides reasonable assurance that doses to the public will remain within the performance objectives. This document is required for DOC Order 5820.2A.
Date: September 1, 1994
Creator: Shade, J. W., Kincaid, C.T.; Whyatt, G. A.; Rhoads, K.; Westsik, J. H. Jr.; Freshley, M. D.; Blanchard, K. A. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Characterization of explosives processing waste decomposition due to composting. Final report (open access)

Characterization of explosives processing waste decomposition due to composting. Final report

The objective of this work was to provide data and methodology assisting the transfer and acceptance of composting technology for the remediation of explosives-contaminated soils and sediments. Issues and activities addressed included: (a) chemical and toxicological characterization of compost samples from new field composting experiments, and the environmental availability of composting efficiency by isolation of bacterial consortia and natural surfactants from highly efficient composts, and (c) improved assessment of compost product suitability for land application.
Date: September 1, 1994
Creator: Griest, W.H.; Stewart, A.J.; Ho, C.H.; Tyndall, R.L.; Vass, A.A.; Caton, J.E. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The effect of frequency on Young`s modulus and seismic wave attenuation (open access)

The effect of frequency on Young`s modulus and seismic wave attenuation

Laboratory experiments were performed to measure the effect of frequency, water-saturation, and strain amplitude on Young`s modulus and seismic wave attenuation on rock cores recovered on or near the site of a potential nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The purpose of this investigation is to perform the measurements using four techniques: cyclic loading, waveform inversion, resonant bar, and ultrasonic velocity. The measurements ranged in frequency between 10{sup {minus}2} and 10{sup 6} Hz. For the dry specimens Young`s modulus and attenuation were independent of frequency; that is, all four techniques yielded nearly the same values for modulus and attenuation. For saturated specimens, a frequency dependence for both Young`s modulus and attenuation was observed. In general, saturation reduced Young`s modulus and increased seismic wave attenuation. The effect of strain amplitude on Young`s modulus and attenuation was measured using the cyclic loading technique at a frequency of 10{sup {minus}1} Hz. The effect of strain amplitude in all cases was small. For some rocks, such as the potential repository horizon of the Topopah Spring Member tuff (TSw2), the effect of strain amplitude on both attenuation and modulus was minimal.
Date: July 1, 1994
Creator: Price, R. H.; Martin, R. J., III & Haupt, R. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sodium laser guide star system at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: System description and experimental results (open access)

Sodium laser guide star system at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: System description and experimental results

The architecture and major system components of the sodium-layer kw guide star system at LLNL will be described, and experimental results reported. The subsystems include the laser system, the beam delivery system including a pulse stretcher and beam pointing control, the beam director, and the telescope with its adaptive-optics package. The laser system is one developed for the Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (AVLIS) Program. This laser system can be configured in various ways in support of the AVLIS program objectives, and was made available to the guide star program at intermittent times on a non-interference basis. The first light transmitted into the sky was in July of 1992, at a power level of 1. 1 kW. The laser pulse width is about 32 ns, and the pulse repetition rate was 26 kHz for the 1. 1 kW configuration and 13 kHz for a 400 W configuration. The laser linewidth is tailored to match the sodium D{sub 2} absorption line, and the laser system has active control of beam pointing and wavefront quality. Because of the short pulse length the sodium transition is saturated and the laser power is not efficiently utilized. For this reason a pulse stretcher was developed, …
Date: March 2, 1994
Creator: Avicola, K.; Brase, J. & Morris, J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Workshop on environmental qualification of electric equipment (open access)

Workshop on environmental qualification of electric equipment

Questions concerning the Environmental Qualification (EQ) of electrical equipment used in commercial nuclear power plants have recently become the subject of significant interest to the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Initial questions centered on whether compliance with the EQ requirements for older plants were adequate to support plant operation beyond 40 years. After subsequent investigation, the NRC Staff concluded that questions related to the differences in EQ requirements between older and newer plants constitute a potential generic issue which should be evaluated for backfit, independent of license renewal activities. EQ testing of electric cables was performed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) under contract to the NRC in support of license renewal activities. Results showed that some of the environmentally qualified cables either failed or exhibited marginal insulation resistance after a simulated plant life of 20 years during accident simulation. This indicated that the EQ process for some electric cables may be non-conservative. These results raised questions regarding the EQ process including the bases for conclusions about the qualified life of components based upon artificial aging prior to testing.
Date: May 1, 1994
Creator: Lofaro, R.; Gunther, W.; Villaran, M.; Lee, B. S. & Taylor, J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Measurements of DT and DD neutron yields by neutron activation on TFTR (open access)

Measurements of DT and DD neutron yields by neutron activation on TFTR

A variety of elemental foils have been activated by neutron fluence from TFTR under conditions with the DT neutron yield per shot ranging from 10{sup 12} to over 10{sup 18}, and with the DT/(DD+DT) neutron ratio varying from 0.5% (from triton burnup) to unity. Linear response over this large dynamic range is obtained by reducing the mass of the foils and increasing the cooling time, all while accepting greatly improved counting statistics. Effects on background gamma-ray lines from foil-capsule-material contaminants. and the resulting lower limits on activation foil mass, have been determined. DT neutron yields from dosimetry standard reactions on aluminum, chromium, iron, nickel, zirconium, and indium are in agreement within the {plus_minus}9% (one-sigma,) accuracy of the measurements: also agreeing are yields from silicon foils using the ACTL library cross-section. While the ENDF/B-V library has too low a cross-section. Preliminary results from a variety of other threshold reactions are presented. Use of the {sup 115}In(n,n) {sup 115m}In reaction (0.42 times as sensitive to DT neutrons as DD neutrons) in conjunction with pure-DT reactions allows a determination of the DT/(DD+DT) ratio in trace tritium or low-power tritium beam experiments.
Date: May 5, 1994
Creator: Barnes, C. W.; Larson, A. R.; LeMunyan, G. & Loughlin, M. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Mercury migration into ground water, a literature study (open access)

Mercury migration into ground water, a literature study

This report presents a broad review of the technical literature dealing with mercury migration in the soil. The approach followed was to identify relevant articles by searching bibliographic data bases, obtaining the promising articles and searching these articles for any additional relevant citations. Eight catagories were used to organize the literature, with a review and summary of each paper. Catagories used were the following: chemical states of mercury under environmental conditions; diffusion of mercury vapor through soil; solubility and stability of mercury in environmental waters; transport of mercury on colloids; models for mercury migration through the environment; analytical techniques; retention of mercury by soil components; formation of organomecurials.
Date: November 1, 1994
Creator: Carlton, W. H.; Carden, J. L.; Kury, R. & Eichholz, G. G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive optics at Lick Observatory: System architecture and operations (open access)

Adaptive optics at Lick Observatory: System architecture and operations

We will describe an adaptive optics system developed for the 1 meter Nickel and 3 meter Shane telescopes at Lick Observatory. Observing wavelengths will be in the visible for the 1 meter telescope and in the near IR on the 3 meter. The adaptive optics system design is based on a 69 actuator continuous surface deformable mirror and a Hartmann wavefront sensor equipped with an intensified CCD framing camera. The system has been tested at the Cassegrain focus of the 1 meter telescope where the subaperture size is 12.5 cm. The wavefront control calculations are performed on a four processor single board computer controlled by a Unix-based system. We will describe the optical system and give details of the wavefront control system design. We will present predictions of the system performance and initial test results.
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Brase, J. M.; An, J. & Avicola, K.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced development of PV encapsulants. Annual subcontract report, 30 December 1992--31 March 1994 (open access)

Advanced development of PV encapsulants. Annual subcontract report, 30 December 1992--31 March 1994

This report describes work under Phase II of a Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology project to conduct laboratory problem definition with an emphasis on controlled aging studies to evaluate the influence of various compositional, processing, and operating parameters on ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) discoloration. In support of future accelerated UV aging studies (AAS) of coupon-sized EVA laminates, an Atlas xenon arc Ci35A Weather-Ometer was procured, installed, and calibrated for temperature and irradiance. In preparing for the AAS studies, UV-visible spectroscopy measurements were performed on various types of low-iron glass, representive of materials used for module superstrates. It was discovered that the transmission spectra of some of the grades in the UV region from 250 to 400 nm was significantly different. Older grades of Solatex and solite, and StarPhire 'cut off' well below 290 nm, while newer grades of Solatex and Solite, and StarPhire and Airphire greatly reduce the UV transmittance between 280 and 330 nm. Controlled aging studies are presently underway at 0.55 W/m2, 340 nm, and 100 degrees C, and we expect comparative data on yellowing to be available soon.
Date: November 1, 1994
Creator: Holley, W.; Agro, S.; Galica, J.; Thoma, L.; White, R. & Yorgensen, R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Choice of computer software for analysis of spectra from the Multi-Spectral Logging System (open access)

Choice of computer software for analysis of spectra from the Multi-Spectral Logging System

We have investigated the range of software available for determination of elemental concentration from gamma-ray spectra, to learn which are most suitable for use with the Multi-spectral Logging System being developed for the Department of Energy. We believe that the spectrum fitting method will be more satisfactory than the peak-matching method.
Date: July 1, 1994
Creator: Hearst, J. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
La-oxides as tracers for PuO{sub 2} to simulate contaminated aerosol behavior (open access)

La-oxides as tracers for PuO{sub 2} to simulate contaminated aerosol behavior

An analytical and experimental study was performed on the use of lanthanide oxides (La-oxides) as surrogates for plutonium oxides (PuO{sub 2}) during simulated buried waste retrieval. This study determined how well the La-oxides move compared to PuO{sub 2} in aerosolized soils during retrieval scenarios. As part of the analytical study, physical properties of La-oxides and PuO{sub 2}, such as molecular diameter, diffusivity, density, and molecular weight are compared. In addition, an experimental study was performed in which Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) soil, INEL soil with lanthanides, and INEL soil with plutonium were aerosolized and collected in filters. Comparison of particle size distribution parameters from this experimental study show similarity between INEL soil, INEL soil with lanthanides, and INEL soil with plutonium.
Date: April 1, 1994
Creator: Meyer, L. C.; Newton, G. J.; Cronenberg, A. W. & Loomis, G. G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental analysis of Lower Pueblo/Lower Los Alamos Canyon, Los Alamos, New Mexico (open access)

Environmental analysis of Lower Pueblo/Lower Los Alamos Canyon, Los Alamos, New Mexico

The radiological survey of the former radioactive waste treatment plant site (TA-45), Acid Canyon, Pueblo Canyon, and Los Alamos Canyon found residual contamination at the site itself and in the channel and banks of Acid, Pueblo, and lower Los Alamos Canyons all the way to the Rio Grande. The largest reservoir of residual radioactivity is in lower Pueblo Canyon, which is on DOE property. However, residual radioactivity does not exceed proposed cleanup criteria in either lower Pueblo or lower Los Alamos Canyons. The three alternatives proposed are (1) to take no action, (2) to construct a sediment trap in lower Pueblo Canyon to prevent further transport of residual radioactivity onto San Ildefonso Indian Pueblo land, and (3) to clean the residual radioactivity from the canyon system. Alternative 2, to cleanup the canyon system, is rejected as a viable alternative. Thousands of truckloads of sediment would have to be removed and disposed of, and this effort is unwarranted by the low levels of contamination present. Residual radioactivity levels, under either present conditions or projected future conditions, will not result in significant radiation doses to persons exposed. Modeling efforts show that future transport activity will not result in any residual radioactivity concentrations …
Date: December 1, 1994
Creator: Ferenbaugh, R. W.; Buhl, T. E.; Stoker, A. K.; Becker, N. M.; Rodgers, J. C. & Hansen, W. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Abstracts and program proceedings of the 1994 meeting of the International Society for Ecological Modelling North American Chapter (open access)

Abstracts and program proceedings of the 1994 meeting of the International Society for Ecological Modelling North American Chapter

This document contains information about the 1994 meeting of the International Society for Ecological Modelling North American Chapter. The topics discussed include: extinction risk assessment modelling, ecological risk analysis of uranium mining, impacts of pesticides, demography, habitats, atmospheric deposition, and climate change.
Date: June 1, 1994
Creator: Kercher, J. R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ablative stabilization of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in regimes relevant to inertial confinement fusion (open access)

Ablative stabilization of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in regimes relevant to inertial confinement fusion

As shown elsewhere an ablatively imploded shell is hydrodynamically unstable, the dominant instability being the well known Rayleigh-Taylor instability with growth rate {gamma} = {radical}Akg where k = 2{pi}/{lambda} is the wave number, g is the acceleration and A the Attwood number ({rho}{sub hi} {minus} {rho}{sub lo})/({rho}{sub hi} + {rho}{sub lo}) where {rho}{sub hi} is the density of the heavier fluid and {rho}{sub lo} is the density of the lighter fluid. A theoretical understanding of ablative stabilization has gradually evolved, confirmed over the last five years by experiments. The linear growth is very well understood with excellent agreement between experiment and simulation for planar geometry with wavelengths in the region of 30--100{mu}m. There is an accurate, albeit phenomenological dispersion relation. The non-linear growth has been measured and agrees with calculations. In this lecture, the authors go into the fundamentals of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability and the experimental measurements that show it is stabilized sufficiently by ablation in regimes relevant to ICF.
Date: August 4, 1994
Creator: Kilkenny, J. D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Color Measurements on Marble and Limestone Briquettes Exposed to Outdoor Environment in the Eastern United States (open access)

Color Measurements on Marble and Limestone Briquettes Exposed to Outdoor Environment in the Eastern United States

In a long-term program that began in 1984, limestone and marble briquettes have been exposed to both anthropogenic acid deposition and natural weathering at four field sites in the eastern United States.
Date: April 1994
Creator: Reimann, K. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An adaptive optics package designed for astronomical use with a laser guide star tuned to an absorption line of atomic sodium (open access)

An adaptive optics package designed for astronomical use with a laser guide star tuned to an absorption line of atomic sodium

We present the design and implementation of a very compact adaptive optic system that senses the return light from a sodium guide-star and controls a deformable mirror and a pointing mirror to compensate atmospheric perturbations in the wavefront. The deformable mirror has 19 electrostrictive actuators and triangular subapertures. The wavefront sensor is a Hartmann sensor with lenslets on triangular centers. The high-bandwidth steering mirror assembly incorporates an analog controller that samples the tilt with an avalanche photodiode quad cell. An {line_integral}/25 imaging leg focuses the light into a science camera that can either obtain long-exposure images or speckle data. In laboratory tests overall Strehl ratios were improved by a factor of 3 when a mylar sheet was used as an aberrator. The crossover frequency at unity gain is 30 Hz.
Date: April 11, 1994
Creator: Salmon, J. T.; Avicola, K. & Brase, J. M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A two-dimensional simulation of tritium transport in the vadose zone at the Nevada Test site (open access)

A two-dimensional simulation of tritium transport in the vadose zone at the Nevada Test site

The site of a 0.75-kiloton underground nuclear explosion, the Cambric event, was selected for the study of radionuclide transport in the hydrologic environment. Water samples from RNM-2S, a well located 91 m from Cambric, have been analyzed for tritium and other radionuclides since the initiation of pumping. Water from RNM-2S flows to Frenchman Lake via an unlined canal. Flume data indicate canal transmission losses of approximately 2m{sup 3}/day/meter of canal. To determine if infiltrating canal water might be recirculated by RNM-2S, and therefore provide an additional radionuclide input to water samples collected at RNM-2S, a two-dimensional variably saturated solute transport computer model (SATURN, Huyakorn et al., 1983) was used to simulate the movement of tritium from the canal to the water table. Results indicate that recirculated canal water has not had a significant effect on the breakthrough of tritium at RNM-2S.
Date: September 1, 1994
Creator: Ross, W. C. & Wheatcraft, S. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Color measurements on marble and limestone briquettes exposed to outdoor environment in the Eastern United States. Volume I: Results of exposure 1984-1990 (open access)

Color measurements on marble and limestone briquettes exposed to outdoor environment in the Eastern United States. Volume I: Results of exposure 1984-1990

In a long-term program that began in 1984, limestone and marble briquettes have been exposed to both anthropogenic acid deposition and natural weathering at four field sites in the eastern United States. Similar tests began at an Ohio site in 1986. Effects of exposure on the briquettes and other materials at the sites are evaluated periodically by several federal agencies cooperating in the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). One of the primary contributions of Argonne National Laboratory to the NAPAP has been the measurement of tristimulus color change on samples exposed to the environment. Results from the first six years indicate a yellowing of the marble and a darkening of limestone on both the skyward and groundward surfaces of fresh and preexposed briquettes. The relationship between discoloration and exposure period appears to be linear. Discoloration rates as a function of a cumulative exposure time are almost constant for marble and slightly decreasing for limestone Dark spots on groundward surfaces were measured with tristimulus color equipment prior to chemical analysis to determine if a correlation exists between darkening (change in reflectance) and SO{sub 4} concentration. Taking exposure time into consideration, and assuming that the airborne concentration of dark particles, which …
Date: April 1, 1994
Creator: Reimann, K. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Impact of a 1,000-foot thermal mixing zone on the steam electric power industry (open access)

Impact of a 1,000-foot thermal mixing zone on the steam electric power industry

Thermal discharge requirements for power plants using once-through cooling systems are based on state water quality standards for temperatures that must be met outside of designated mixing zones. This study evaluates the impact of limiting the extent of thermal mixing zones. This study evaluates the impact of limiting the extent of thermal mixing zones to no more than 1,000 feet from the discharge point. Data were collected from 79 steam electric plants. Of the plants currently using once-through cooling systems, 74% could not meet current thermal standards at the edge of a 1,000-foot mixing zone. Of this total, 68% would retrofit cooling towers, and 6% would retrofit diffusers. The estimated nationwide capital cost for retrofitting plants that could not meet current thermal standards at the edge of a 1,000-foot mixing zone is $21.4 billion. Conversion of a plant from once-through cooling to cooling towers or addition of diffusers would result in a lower energy output from that plant. For the affected plants, the total estimated replacement cost would be $370 to $590 million per year. Some power companies would have to construct new generating capacity to meet the increased energy demand. The estimated nationwide cost of this additional capacity would …
Date: April 1, 1994
Creator: Veil, J. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Comparison of Middle Aged and College Aged Adults' Perceptions of Elder Abuse (open access)

A Comparison of Middle Aged and College Aged Adults' Perceptions of Elder Abuse

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of (a) respondent age, (b) age and gender of perpetrator and victim, and (c) history of experienced violence on perceptions of elder abuse. Two-hundred and one (N = 201) middle-aged adults and 422 college students were assessed. Measures included adaptations of the Severity of Violence Against Women Scale and Elder Abuse Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions Scale-Revised. Middle-aged respondents viewed psychological behaviors more harshly than young. Middle-aged females and young males were less tolerant of middle-aged perpetrators. While past performance of elder abuse was predictive of future elder abuse, history of childhood abuse was not. Exploratory analyses examined middle-aged respondents' judgments of abusive behaviors and perceptions based on age of perpetrator. Middle-aged and young adults' willingness to respond to dimensions of quality, severity, and reportability were also examined.
Date: August 1994
Creator: Childs, Helen W. (Helen Warren)
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library