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First CSDP (Continental Scientific Drilling Program)/thermal regimes core hole project at Valles Caldera, New Mexico (VC-1): Drilling report
This report is a review and summary of the core drilling operations of the first Valles Caldera research borehole (VC-1) under the Thermal Regimes element of the Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP). The project is a portion of a broader program that seeks to answer fundamental scientific questions about magma, rock/water interactions, and volcanology through shallow (<1-km) core holes at Long Valley, California; Salton Sea, California; and the Valles Caldera, New Mexico. The report emphasizes coring operations with reference to the stratigraphy of the core hole, core quality description, core rig specifications, and performance. It is intended to guide future research on the core and in the borehole, as well as have applications to other areas and scientific problems in the Valles Caldera. The primary objectives of this Valles Caldera coring effort were (1) to study the hydrogeochemistry of a subsurface geothermal outflow zone of the caldera near the source of convective upflow, (2) to obtain structural and stratigraphic information from intracaldera rock formations in the southern ring-fracture zone, and (3) to obtain continuous core samples through the youngest volcanic unit in Valles Caldera, the Banco Bonito rhyolite (approximately 0.1 Ma). All objectives were met. The high percentage of core …
Date:
February 1, 1987
Creator:
Rowley, J.; Hawkins, W. & Gardner, J. (comps.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
User needs: is a survey the answer
Some of the ramifications of user needs, user satisfaction, and the survey as a shaper of library policy are discussed. The presentation is in three parts: philosophical thinking on user needs and satisfaction, a modest tutorial on survey methodology, and a brief review of the Sandia National Laboratory Technical Library's use of surveys for information gathering and decision making. (RWR)
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Gardner, J.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Formaldehyde Absorption toward W51
We have measured formaldehyde (H{sub 2}CO) absorption toward the HII region complex W51A (G49.5-0.4) in the 6 cm and 2 cm wavelength rotational transitions with angular resolution of approximately 4 inch. The continuum HII region shows a large, previously undetected shell structure 5.5 pc along the major axis. We observe no H{sub 2}CO emission in regions of low continuum intensity. The absorption, converted to optical depth, shows a higher degree of clumping than previous maps at lower resolution. The good S/N of the maps allows accurate estimation of the complicated line profiles, showing some of the absorbing clouds to be quite patchy. We list the properties of the opacity spectra for a number of positions both in the clumps and in the more diffuse regions of the absorbing clouds, and derive column densities for the 1{sub 11} and 2{sub 12} rotational levels of ortho-formaldehyde.
Date:
April 1, 1988
Creator:
Kogut, A.; Smoot, G. F.; Bennett, C. L. & Petuchowski, S. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reaction cross-section calculations using new experimental and theoretical level structure data for deformed nuclei
A technique for modeling level structures of odd-odd nuclei has been used to construct sets of discrete states with energies in the range 0 to 1.5 MeV for several nuclei in the rare-earth and actinide regions. The accuracy of the modeling technique was determined by comparison with experimental data. Examination was made of what effect the use of these new, more complete sets of discrete states has on the calculation of level densities, total reaction cross sections, and isomer ratios. 9 refs.
Date:
May 1, 1985
Creator:
Hoff, R. W.; Gardner, D. G. & Gardner, M. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experimental database and design concept for a 1-MW, 200-keV neutral-beam line based on a SITEX negative ion source
Scaling studies for a SITEX negative ion source to produce 200-keV, 10-A, long pulse D/sup -/ beams are under way at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Designs have been restricted to the use of established techniques and reasonably well-demonstrated scaling. The results show that the 1-A SITEX source can be directly scaled to produce 200-keV, 10-A long pulse ion beams with a source power efficiency of less than or equal to 5 kW of total plasma generator power per ampere of D/sup -/ beam generated. Extracted electron-to-D/sup -/ ratios should be less than or equal to 0.06, with all extracted electrons recovered at less than or equal to 10% of the first gap potential energy difference. The close-coupled accelerating structure will be 5 cm long and have five electrodes with 21 slits each, with a 50-kV/cm field in each gap.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Dagenhart, W. K.; Gardner, W. L.; Stirling, W. L. & Whealton, J. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electrode design and performance of the ORNL positive ion sources
The neutral beam development group at ORNL has designed, constructed, and shipped four 50-kV, 100-A sources to PPPL to be used for neutral beam heating of the confined plasma on the PDX tokamak. These sources have higher current capability than scaled-down sources, and they are required to run for 0.5 s as opposed to the 0.3-s requirement for PLT and ISX-B sources. Due to an innovative electrode design, these higher power sources met these requirements and achieved a higher transmission efficiency - 76% of the total input power on target vs 60% for the original ISX-B and modified PLT sources or 40% for the original PLT sources. As a consequence, a power of 2 MW of neutrals to the torus target was achieved; this is a record for measured neutral power and exceeds that of any other power source expected to be used on such advanced tokamaks as TFTR and D-III. A theoretical consideration of the relevant Poisson-Vlasov equations for ions extracted from a plasma was used to optimize the ion optics. Using the same electrode design with a tetraode accelerating structure and a new, indirectly heated cathode, repeatable long pulse, high energy conditions of 70 kV, 7 A, 8 …
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Whealton, J.H.; Gardner, W.L. & Haselton, H.H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geologic map of the Sulphur Springs Area, Valles Caldera Geothermal System, New Mexico
The geologic and tectonic setting and geology of Sulphur Springs Area are described. Geologic faults, sheared or brecciated rock, volcanic vents, geothermal wells, hydrothermal alteration, springs, thermal springs, fumaroles, and geologic deposits are indicated on the map. (MHR)
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Goff, F.E. & Gardner, J.N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Engineering Research Division report on reports: calendar year 1979. [LLL]
A bibliography of publications of members of the Engineering Research Division of the Electronics Engineering Department is presented for 1979. Abstracts for 148 publications are included, along with author and keywork indexes. (RWR)
Date:
March 1, 1980
Creator:
Gardner, C.L. & Johnston, S.J. (eds.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Methods and procedures for evaluation of neutron-induced activation cross sections
One cannot expect measurements alone to supply all of the neutron-induced activation cross-section data required by the fission reactor, fusion reactor, and nuclear weapons development communities, given the wide ranges of incident neutron energies, the great variety of possible reaction types leading to activation, and targets both stable and unstable. Therefore, the evaluator must look to nuclear model calculations and systematics to aid in fulfilling these cross-section data needs. This review presents some of the recent developments and improvements in the prediction of neutron activation cross sections, with specific emphasis on the use of empirical and semiempirical methods. Since such systematics require much less nuclear informaion as input and much less computational time than do the multistep Hauser-Feshbach codes, they can often provide certain cross-section data at a sufficient level of accuracy within a minimum amount of time. The cross-section information that these systematics can and cannot provide and those cases in which they can be used most reliably are discussed.
Date:
September 1, 1981
Creator:
Gardner, M.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Function, J(x,y), occurring in problems of solute transport with non-equilibrium interphase mass transfer
The function, J(x,y), which has appeared frequently in analytical solutions of a variety of technical problems, is described and its applications briefly reviewed. Two detailed examples of applications are given. Tabulations of functions related to J(x,y) are listed, and relationships of J(x,y) to these functions are stated. Methods of computation of J(x,y), suitable for use with digital computers, are described.
Date:
July 1, 1981
Creator:
Carnahan, C. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Spectral shaping and phase control of a fast-wave current drive antenna array
The requirements for antenna design and phase control circuitry for a fast-wave current drive (FWCD) array operating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies are considered. The design of a phase control system that can operate at arbitrary phasing over a wide range of plasma-loading and strap-coupling values is presented for a four-loop antenna array, prototypical of an array planned for the DIII-D tokamak (General Atomics, San Diego, California). The goal is to maximize the power launched with the proper polarization for current drive while maintaining external control of phase. Since it is desirable to demonstrate the feasibility of FWCD prior to ITER, a four-strap array has been designed for DIII-D to operate with the existing 2-MW transmitter at 60 MHz. 3 refs., 6 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1989
Creator:
Baity, F. W.; Gardner, W. L.; Goulding, R. H.; Hoffman, D. J. & Ryan, P. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
History and results of VC-1, the first CSDP corehole in Valles caldera, New Mexico
Valles Caldera No. 1 (VC-1) is the first Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP) corehole drilled in the Valles caldera and the first continuously cored hole in the caldera region. The objectives of VC-1 were to penetrate a hydrothermal outflow plume near its source, to obtain structural and stratigraphic information near the intersection of the ring-fracture zone and the pre-caldera Jemez fault zone, and to core the youngest volcanic unit inside the caldera (Banco Bonito obsidian, 0.13 Ma). VC-1 penetrates 298 m of moat volcanics and caldera-fill ignimbrites, 35 m of pre-caldera volcaniclastic breccia, and 523 m of Paleozoic carbonates, sandstones and shales, with over 95% core recovery. Hydrothermal alterations are concentrated in sheared, brecciated and fractured zones from the volcaniclastic breccia to total depth with both the intensity and rank of alterations increasing with depth. Alterations consist primarily of clays, calcite, pyrite, quartz, and chlorite, but chalcopyrite has been identified as high as 518 m and molybdenite has been identified in a fractured zone at 847 m. Thermal aquifers were penetrated at various intervals from about 510 m on down. 11 refs., 5 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1985
Creator:
Goff, F.; Rowley, J.; Gardner, J.N.; Hawkins, W.; Goff, S.; Pisto, L. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Calculation of probabilities of transfer, recurrence intervals, and positional indices for linear compartment models. Environmental Sciences Division Publication no. 1544
Six indices are presented for linear compartment systems that quantify the probable pathways of matter or energy transfer, the likelihood of recurrence if the model contains feedback loops, and the number of steps (transfers) through the system. General examples are used to illustrate how these indices can simplify the comparison of complex systems or organisms in unrelated systems.
Date:
February 1, 1981
Creator:
Carney, J. H.; DeAngelis, D. L.; Gardner, R. H.; Mankin, J. B. & Post, W. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The ICRF antennas for TFTR
Two compact loop antennas have been designed to provide ion cyclotron resonant frequency (ICRF) heating for TFTR. The antennas can convey a total of 10 MW to accomplish core heating in either high-density or high-temperature plasmas. The near-term goal of heating TFTR plasmas and the longer-term goals of ease in handling (for remote maintenance) and high reliability (in an inaccessible tritium tokamak environment) were major considerations in the antenna designs. The compact loop configuration facilitates handling because the antennas fit completely through their ports. Conservative design and extensive testing were used to attain the reliability required for TFTR. This paper summarizes how these antennas will accomplish these goals. 5 figs, 1 tab.
Date:
January 1, 1988
Creator:
Hoffman, D. J.; Colestock, P. L.; Gardner, W. L.; Hosea, J. C.; Nagy, A.; Stevens, J. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Petrographic analysis and correlation of volcanic rocks in Bostic 1-A well near Mountain Home, Idaho
Detailed examination of volcanic rock cuttings from the Bostic 1-A well near Mountain Home, Idaho, provides data that correlate the stratigraphy of the well with the regional stratigraphy of the western Snake River Plain. The Bostic 1-A well penetrates basalt of the Middle Pleistocene Bruneau Formation and underlying sedimentary rocks of the Upper Pliocene Glenns Ferry Formation. Basalt underlying the Glenns Ferry Formation is most likely Banbury Basalt of Middle Pliocene age or Banbury equivalent. A 350-ft interval of felsic volcanics is then intersected above another 600 ft of basalt. The well bottoms in altered felsic volcanics. The lowest 600 ft of basalt flows has not been correlated with any basalt observed on the surface. From the established stratigraphy of the region, and from petrographic evidence, the silicic volcanic rocks occurring both above and below the lowermost basalts in the well are probably lower Pliocene Idavada Volcanics. North of the well, in the Mt. Bennett Hills, Idavada Volcanics overlie crystalline rocks of the Idaho batholith. No estimate of depth to plutonic bedrock can be made from the well data alone. Stratigraphic comparisons suggest as little as 0.2 to 0.3 km more of Idavada lie beneath the Bostic 1-A well. Results …
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Arney, B.H.; Gardner, J.N. & Belluomini, S.G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Utilization of geothermal energy for methane production for J. A. Albertson Land and Cattle Company. Final report
The feasibility of an integrated system to utilize a geothermal resource for a bioconversion plant. This integrated facility would use the manure from approximately 30,000 head of feedlot cattle as a feedstock for an anaerobic digestion plant. The findings on engineering design, geological assessment, environmental, economic, and institutional requirements of the proposed project are summarized. (MHR)
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Oak Ridge rf test facility
The ORNL RF Test Facility is to provide a national facility for the testing and evaluation of steady state, high-power (approx.1.0-MW) Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) systems and components. The facility configuration consists of a vacuum vessel and two fully tested superconducting development magnets from the EBT-P program, arranged as a simple mirror of mirror ratio 4.8. The axial centerline distance between magnet throat centers is 112 cm. The vacuum vessel cavity has a large port (74 by 163 cm) and a test volume adequate for testing prototypic launchers for DIII-D and TFTR. The magnets are capable of generating a steady state field of approx.3 T on axis in the magnet throats. Steady state plasmas are generated in the facility by cyclotron resonance breakdown using a dedicated 200-kW, 28-GHz gyrotron. Rf sources are available covering a frequency range of 2 to 200 MHz at 1.5 kW and 3 to 18 MHz at 200 kW with several sources at intermediate parameters. Available in July 1986 will be a >1.0-MW, cw source spanning 40 to 80 MHz. The report consists of nine viewgraphs.
Date:
January 1, 1985
Creator:
Gardner, W.L.; Hoffman, D.J.; McCurdy, H.C.; McManamy, T.J.; Moeller, J.A. & Ryan, P.M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Oak Ridge rf Test Facility
The rf Test Facility (RFTF) of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) provides a national facility for the testing and evaluation of steady-state, high-power (approx.1.0-MW) ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) systems and components. The facility consists of a vacuum vessel and two fully tested superconducting development magnets from the ELMO Bumpy Torus Proof-of-Principle (EBT-P) program. These are arranged as a simple mirror with a mirror ratio of 4.8. The axial centerline distance between magnet throat centers is 112 cm. The vacuum vessel cavity has a large port (74 by 163 cm) and a test volume adequate for testing prototypic launchers for Doublet III-D (DIII-D), Tore Supra, and the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). Attached to the internal vessel walls are water-cooled panels for removing the injected rf power. The magnets are capable of generating a steady-state field of approx.3 T on axis in the magnet throats. Steady-state plasmas are generated in the facility by cyclotron resonance breakdown using a dedicated 200-kW, 28-GHz gyrotron. Available rf sources cover a frequency range of 2 to 200 MHz at 1.5 kW and 3 to 18 MHz at 200 kW, with several sources at intermediate parameters. Available in July 1986 will be a >1.0-MW, cw …
Date:
January 1, 1985
Creator:
Gardner, W.L.; Hoffman, D.J.; McCurdy, H.C.; McManamy, T.J.; Moeller, J.A. & Ryan, P.M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ICRF heating on TFTR with the ORNL antenna
Initial ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) heating experiments on TFTR began in the summer of 1988. Although we were in the commissioning stage for much of the equipment, some plasma coupling measurements were made in the fall. This paper is focused on the results from the Bay L antenna. 3 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
January 1, 1989
Creator:
Hoffman, D. J.; Gardner, W. L.; Ryan, P. M.; Greene, G. J.; Hosea, J. C.; Wilson, J. R. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Uncertainty in future global energy use and fossil fuel CO{sub 2} emissions 1975 to 2075: Appendices C--F
In constructing the model, creating variable names, and linking the model to the Monte Carlo program various naming conventions have been used. These appendices attempt to provide a concise, useful guide linking conceptual variable to model variable to Monte Carlo variables designations. Tables give the basic characteristics of the output distributions for each of the 95 output VALs. These appendices describe in technical detail the Monte Carlo techniques used in the uncertainty analysis. The choice of Latin Hypercube sampling and the methodology employed to attribute output variability to input uncertainty is documented. A complete listing of the software and data base used to generate the Monte Carlo analysis is included.
Date:
December 1, 1985
Creator:
Edmonds, J.A.; Reilly, J.M.; Gardner, R.H. & Brenkert, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Uncertainty in future global energy use and fossil fuel CO{sub 2} emissions 1975 to 2075: Appendices A--B
Appendix A contains the Monte Carlo Data Set. The data sheets give the distribution for input variables used in Monte Carlo analysis of the IEA/ORAU Global Energy, CO{sub 2} Model. The data sheets include a discussion of data sources, bibliographic sources, and other considerations used in developing the particular data format and values for distributions. As much detail as possible about how distributions are related to published estimates is given but in most cases it was necessary to make a significant leap from available data to the quantified distribution. The distributions are meant to be roughly accurate and to the degree that uncertainty exists about the form and value of distributions, the authors have tended to opt for wider bounds. Appendix B contains The IEA/ORAU Long-Term Global Energy-CO{sub 2} Model, Version A.84 -- Model Improvements. The model was originally developed in 1982 in support of work conducted for the US Department of Energy Carbon Dioxide Research Division in the area of future global fossil fuel related CO emissions research. The uncertainty analysis, documented in this report, made demands on the model that had not previously been made, and in the process of operating the model much was learned about areas …
Date:
December 1, 1985
Creator:
Edmonds, J. A.; Reilly, J. M.; Gardner, R. H. & Brenkert, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Temperature gradients and heat flow in the Alvord Valley, Harney County, Oregon, Vol. 2 - Appendices A and B
None
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Gardner, M. C.; Cox, B. L. & Klein, C. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Results of the fourth Hanna field test
The second phase (Hanna IVB) of a coal gasification experiment near Hanna, Wyoming, was completed in September 1979. The experiment attempted to link and gasify coal between process wells spaced 34.3 meters apart. Intermediate wells were positioned between the process wells so that the link could be relayed over shorter distances. Reverse combustion linking was attempted over a 22.9-meter and a 11.4-meter distance of the total well spacing. Thermal activity was generally noted in the upper 3 meters of the coal seam during the link. Two attempts to gasify over the 34.3-meter distance resulted in the propagation of the burn front at the coal overburden interface. Post-burn evaluation indicates fractures as major influencing factors of the combustion process. The Hanna IVB field test provided much insight into influence that geologic features have on in situ coal combustion. The influence of these faults, permeable zones, and cleats, on the air flow patterns can drastically change the overall results of a gasification experiment and should be studied further. The overall results of Hanna IVB were discouraging because of the rapid decline in the heating values for the production gas and the amount of coal gasified. With more complete geologic characerization prior to …
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Covell, J. R.; Wojdac, L. F.; Barbour, F. A.; Gardner, G. W.; Glass, R. & Hommert, P. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of plasma coupling with the prototype DIII-D ICRF antenna
Coupling to plasma in the H-mode is essential to the success of future ignited machines such as CIT. To ascertain voltage and current requirements for high-power second harmonic heating (2 MW in a 35- by 50-cm port), coupling to the DIII-D tokamak with a prototype compact loop antenna has been measured. The results show good loading for L-mode and limiter plasmas, but coupling 2 MW to an H-mode plasma demands voltages and currents near the limit of present technology. We report the technological analysis and progress that allow coupling of these power densities. 5 refs., 4 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1988
Creator:
Ryan, P.M.; Hoffman, D.J.; Bigelow, T.S.; Baity, F.W.; Gardner, W.L.; Mayberry, M.J. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library