A bibliography of solar energy-related publications produced by Sandia Laboratories, arranged in broad subject category order, is presented.

This bibliography of reports, periodical arricles, and conference papers represents research carried out by Sandia Laboratories in energy and conservation. Within each of the approximately 300 entries, authors are listed alphabetically in each subject category. The following subjects are covered: Conservation, drilling technology, environment and safety, fossil energy, geothermal energy, nuclear energy, and solar energy. (MCW)

The present study indicates that the estimation of the gamma-ray strength function is the approach least subject to error when unmeasured capture cross sections are to be computed. An estimate is given for the /sup 88/..gamma..(n,..gamma..) cross section.

None

This status report to the Nuclear Data Committee from LLL summarizes work in the areas of standards, nuclear data applications, nuclear data for safeguards, and nuclear data compilation. A few of these papers, though brief, do contain data. 9 figures, 2 tables. (RWR)

Use of various metals as fluxes for releasing nitrogen from boron carbide in the Leco Nitrogen Determinator was investigated. Metals such as iron, chromium, and molybdenum that wet the graphite crucible all promoted nitrogen release. Tin, copper, aluminum, and platinum did not wet the graphite and were of no value as fluxes. A procedure for sample handling and the resulting performance of the method are described. The precision at 0.06 to 0.6 percent nitrogen averaged 4 percent relative standard deviation.

The data available on resuspension and ingestion as pathways of plutonium from soil to man were reviewed and a recommended limit based upon a conservative interpretation of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) recommendations for limiting values was derived. Wind resuspension appeared to be the least limiting value with mechanical resuspension and pica in children among the more important. Ingestion of foodstuffs could also be an important pathway if it is assumed that all food is produced in the contaminated area.

Resources for environmental research on the Oak Ridge Reservation are analogous to the highly complex, physical and engineering facilities of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Consequently, land and water resources have been committed to comprehensive research for the purpose of providing relevant, scientific insights on environmental problems associated with ERDA's programs. Diverse aquatic, terrestrial, and agricultural ecosystems are designated for short- and long-term research related to environmental impacts or benefits of different energy technologies. Examples of ecosystems employed in this research include hardwood and pine forests, grasslands and pastures, free-flowing streams and impounded reservoirs, field plots, contaminated environmental natural areas, an array of animal habitats, and calibrated watersheds. Some of the characteristic biota of habitat ecosystems are described in the document. Documentation and planning for use of these lands, waters, and biotic resources also respond to the broad issue of appropriate usage of Federal lands.

This Index provides a description of all wind summaries available at the National Climatic Center.

Soil chromatography has been used successfully to evaluate relative mobilities of pesticides and nuclides in soils. Its major advantage over the commonly used suspension technique is that it more accurately simulates field conditions. Under such conditions the number of potential exchange sites is limited both by the structure of the soil matrix and by the manner in which the carrier fluid moves through this structure. The major limitation of the chromatographic method, however, has been its qualitative nature. This document represents an effort to counter this objection. A theoretical basis is specified for the transport both of the carrier eluting fluid and of the dissolved constituent. A computer program based on this theory is developed which optimizes the fit of theoretical data to experimental data by automatically adjusting the transport parameters, one of which is the distribution coefficient k/sub d/. This analysis procedure thus constitutes an integral part of the soil chromatographic method, by means of which mobilities of nuclides and other dissolved constituents in soils may be quantified.

The objectives of this program are to develop probes that can determine the water chemistry of high temperature geothermal fluids. The entire probe system includes a high temperature reference electrode, oxidation potention (redox potential) , conductivity probe, pH, corrosivity, and specific ion probe (sulfide). The objective of this study for FY 1977 was to develop a reference electrode and conductivity probe that would operate in the geothermal environment and provide data. This work also involved a study of sealing materials. A high temperature-pressure, thermodynamic reference electrode was developed which was demonstrated to be operative in a simulated geothermal environment up to 250°C containing the contaminants that would affect its operation. An electrodeless conductivity probe was developed for use in the geothermal environment. This design is particularly resistant to the effects of scale deposition. A large number o f sealing materials were investigated for use in the 250°C geothermal environment. From this study, PNL has developed a spring-loaded seal that may have other applications in the geothermal industry.

Any quantitative analysis of the risk of transportation accidents requires the use of many different statistical distributions. Included among these are the types of accidents which occur and the severity of these when they do occur. Several previous studies have derived this type of information for truck traffic over U. S. highways in general; these data are not necessarily applicable for the anticipated LMFBR spent fuel cask routes. This report presents data for highway segments representative of the specific LMFBR cask routes which are anticipated. These data are based upon a detailed record-by-record review of filed reports for accidents which occurred along the specified route segments.

The time spent for computing an exponential for the IBM 370-195 at the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant is about 25 times slower than that spent by the CDC-7600 CTR computer at Livermore. We propose a scheme which does not involve a function call, is 15 times faster than the IBM 370-195 scheme, and is useful when the exponential is called many times.

When superconductivity is applied to various electrical devices, the joining of the superconducting material and the performance of the joints are generally crucial to the successful operation of the system. Although many techniques are being considered for joining composite superconductors, soldering is the most common. We determined the wetting and flow behavior of various solder and flux combinations on a copper-clad Nb-Ti composite, developed equipment and techniques for soldering and inspection of lap joints, and determined the shear strength of joints at temperatures down to -269/sup 0/C (4/sup 0/K). We studied 15 solders and 17 commercial and experimental fluxes in the wettability and flow tests. A resistance unit was built for soldering test specimens. A series of samples soldered with 80 Pb-20 Sn, 83 Pb-15 Sn-2 Sb, 97.5 Pb-1.5 Ag-1 Sn, 80 In-15 Pb-5 Ag, or 25 In-37.5 Pb-37.5 Sn (wt percent) was inspected by three nondestructive techniques. Through-transmission ultrasound gave the best correlation with nonbond areas revealed in peel tests. Single-lap shear specimens soldered with 97.5 Pb-1.5 Ag-1 Sn had the highest strength (10.44 ksi, 72 MPa) and total elongation (0.074 in., 1.88 mm) at -269/sup 0/C (4/sup 0/K) of four solders tested.

Magnetoresistivity measurements are performed in fields up to 40 kOe on some concentrated amorphous La--Gd--Au alloys exhibiting characteristics of a spin-glass. The negative magnetoresistivity at low temperature is found to be roughly proportional to the square of the magnetization. The resistivity minima in these alloys are attributed to a mechanism of electron scattering from magnetic clouds coupled by the RKKY interactions, in qualitative agreement with analysis of remanent magnetization data. 4 figures, 1 table.

A preliminary model of photosynthesis and growth of field crops was developed to assess the effects of gaseous pollutants, particularly airborne sulfur compounds, resulting from energy production from geothermal resources. The model simulates photosynthesis as a function of such variables as irradiance, CO/sub 2/ diffusion resistances, and internal biochemical processes. The model allocates the products of photosynthesis to structural (leaf, stem, root, and fruit) and storage compartments of the plant. The simulations encompass the entire growing season from germination to senescence. The model is described conceptually and mathematically and examples of model output are provided for various levels of pollutant stress. Also, future developments that would improve this preliminary model are outlined and its applications are discussed.

The following subjects are covered: geothermal energy and its use, electric utilities and the climate for geothermal development, the raw fuels industry and geothermal energy, and government and energy. The role of large petroleum companies and large public utilities is emphasized. (MHR)

Beryllium-copper alloys should be considered toxic materials and proper controls must be used when they are machined, heated, or otherwise fabricated. Air samples should be taken for each type of fabrication to determine the worker's exposure and the effectiveness of the controls in use. It has been shown that aerosols containing beryllium are generated during the four methods of fabrication tested, and that these aerosols can be reduced through local exhaust to undetectable levels. Considering the acute, chronic and possibly carcinogenic effects of exposure to beryllium, effective controls should be required because they are feasible both technologically and economically. The health hazards and control measures are reviewed.

Silicon-carbide refractories with various bond systems exposed to molten slag at 1500/sup 0/C for 500 h in Run 4 showed virtually no attack. The resistance of the silicon carbide to slag attack is attributed to large thermal fluxes induced by water-cooled chills applied to the cold faces. Magnesia-chromia refractories exposed to molten slag at 1500/sup 0/C for 500 h in Run 5 were somewhat less resistant to slag attack than the silicon-carbide refractories. In-situ erosive-wear measurements on the Bi-Gas A106B low-carbon steel main coal feed line were obtained during the present quarter, with initial indications of a nominal 5% wall-thickness reduction after approximately 200 h of exposure. Acoustic leak-detection tests were carried out at the Morgantown Energy Research Center Valve Test Facility. Uniaxial tensile data were generated on several specified alloys in an as-received condition at temperatures of 750, 871, and 982/sup 0/C. A generalized approach, based on thermodynamic equilibria of gas mixtures, has been developed to evaluate the chemical potentials of the reactive elements, i.e., O, S, C, H, and N in multicomponent gas streams. The results showed that the chemical potentials can be uniquely established by the total atomic ratios C/H, C/O, and C/S in the initial gas …

The formation of negative ions by hydrogen collisions on cesium-coated surfaces is discussed in the limiting cases where the resident cesium is either in the purely ionic state or in the purely atomic state. The survival fraction for negative ions moving away from a metal surface is calculated using a method employing complex eigenvalues. The fraction of surviving ions is found to be larger than calculated by previous workers. The secondary emission coefficient for negative ion production by incident atoms with energies of ten to one hundred electron volts is estimated to be in the range thirty to forty percent.

The background, operation, and need for solar thermal powered pumps for irrigation is reviewed, and a compilation of 38 literature references with summaries is presented. (WHK)

This broad-base materials engineering program, begun in October 1974, includes studies on both ceramic (refractory) and metallic materials presently being used or intended for use in coal-conversion systems. Appropriate laboratory and field experiments are integrated such that the results have immediate impact on the present pilot-plant and proposed demonstration-plant designs. The report presents the technical accomplishments.

The role of chromosomal changes in human malignant cells has been the subject of much debate. The observation of nonrandom chromosomal changes has become well recognized in chronic myelogenous leukemia, and more recently in acute myelogenous leukemia. In the present report, data are presented on the sites of duplication of chromosome No. 1 in hematologic disorders. Trisomy for region lq25 to lq32 was observed in every one of 34 patients whose cells showed duplication of some part of chromosome No. 1. Adjacent regions lq21 to lq25, and lq32 to lqter, also were trisomic in the majority of patients. Two patients had deletions, one of lq32 to qter, and the other, of lp32 to pter. The sites of chromosomal breaks leading to trisomy differ from those involved in balanced reciprocal translocations. Some of these sites are sometimes, but not always, vulnerable in constitutional chromosomal abnormalities. The nature of the proliferative advantage conferred on myeloid cells by these chromosomal changes is unknown.

The LOFT pressurizer spray and surge line piping was analyzed for a 450/sup 0/F step change in fluid temperature. This transient was chosen to conservatively represent several pressurizer operating transients that had not previously been analyzed. These include temperature transients resulting from a 300/sup 0/F ..delta..T between pressurizer temperature and cold leg temperature, injection of a cooled (70/sup 0/F) slug of stagnant fluid into the hot (540/sup 0/F) spray line piping, and inflow of 100/sup 0/F primary coolant system water into the hot (480/sup 0/F) surge line piping.