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418
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Sensor for measuring the atomic fraction in highly dissociated hydrogen
Atomic hydrogen is a very important constituent for processes ranging from cleaning oxide from GaAs and annealing amorphous silicon to the deposition of diamond. Because the usual techniques for measuring atomic fraction are either expensive and cumbersome to use, or unsuitable for application to highly dissociated hydrogen, a specially designed sensor was developed. Sensor design is based on a diffusion tube with noncatalytic walls, having one end open to the atom source and a catalytic closure at the other end. The sensor is simple and inexpensive to fabricate, and determining atom density is straightforward. Sensor design also inhibits thermal runaway, which occurs when atom density is high enough to impart enough recombination energy to the non-catalytic surface to substantially raise its temperature. While recombination coefficients for such surfaces are very low near room temperature, they increase nearly exponentially with temperature unless actively cooled. With the use of a straightforward calibration scheme to determine the variation in species fraction along the diffusion tube, the atomic fraction at the tube opening is determined. Design strategy, implementation considerations, and calibration method are presented. In addition, data obtained from an atomic hydrogen source are compared to relevant published data.
Date:
December 31, 1994
Creator:
Gardner, W.L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Notes on the Acceleration of Iron Ions for the Booster Applications Facility
N/A
Date:
December 1, 2002
Creator:
Gardner, C. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Rigidity Magnetic Field, and Inflector Voltage Based on Frequency Measurements in Booster
N/A
Date:
December 1, 2003
Creator:
Gardner, C. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Low-Cost Organic Moderator-Coolants for Nuclear Reactors
None
Date:
December 23, 1963
Creator:
Gardner, L. E.; Hutchinson, W. M. & Hillyer, J. C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Technologies for the oil and gas industry
This is the final report of a five-month, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The authors performed a preliminary design study to explore the plausibility of using pulse-tube refrigeration to cool instruments in a hot down-hole environment for the oil and gas industry or geothermal industry. They prepared and distributed a report showing that this appears to be a viable technology.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Goff, S.J.; Swift, G.W. & Gardner, D.L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geologic map of the Sulphur Springs Area, Valles Caldera Geothermal System, New Mexico
The geologic and tectonic setting and geology of Sulphur Springs Area are described. Geologic faults, sheared or brecciated rock, volcanic vents, geothermal wells, hydrothermal alteration, springs, thermal springs, fumaroles, and geologic deposits are indicated on the map. (MHR)
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Goff, F.E. & Gardner, J.N.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Determination of the AGS Injection Kicker Strength from Beam Measurements
N/A
Date:
December 1, 2002
Creator:
Ahrens, L. A. & Gardner, C. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Recovery and recycling of limestone in LEC flue gas desulfurization. Final report, third year
A potentially attractive flue gas desulfurization method called Limestone Emission Control (LEC) is currently being investigated by Prudich at Ohio University. In this process, beds of 1/8 inch limestone gravel particles absorb sulfur dioxide from flue gas. This forms sulfite and sulfate salts which coat limestone, blinding the surface and limiting utilization to 20%. Favorable economics can be generating when the unreacted portion of the limestone is recovered by mechanical grinding. This project is a wet method for grinding and recovering the spent limestone from the LEC process, utilizing an impeller fluidizer, a new type of slurry processor. It consists of a cylindrical vessel with an impeller at one end. The impeller generates sufficient pressure head to serve as a slurry pump. It combines the operation of wet grinding, washing, and transporting the spent and recovered limestone as an aqueous slurry. The objectives of the first two years were to operate fluidizer in a batch mode to carry grinding experiments, and to determine the removal of the sulfur coatings from the limestone when operating the fluidizer in a continuous mode. The main thrusts of the third year were to complete the grinding data and coordinate the data with reactivity determinations …
Date:
December 20, 1993
Creator:
Gardner, N. C. & Boo, J. Y.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Downhole pulse tube refrigerators
This report summarizes a preliminary design study to explore the plausibility of using pulse tube refrigeration to cool instruments in a hot down-hole environment. The original motivation was to maintain Dave Reagor`s high-temperature superconducting electronics at 75 K, but the study has evolved to include three target design criteria: cooling at 30 C in a 300 C environment, cooling at 75 K in a 50 C environment, cooling at both 75 K and 30 C in a 250 C environment. These specific temperatures were chosen arbitrarily, as representative of what is possible. The primary goals are low cost, reliability, and small package diameter. Pulse-tube refrigeration is a rapidly growing sub-field of cryogenic refrigeration. The pulse tube refrigerator has recently become the simplest, cheapest, most rugged and reliable low-power cryocooler. The authors expect this technology will be applicable downhole because of the ratio of hot to cold temperatures (in absolute units, such as Kelvin) of interest in deep drilling is comparable to the ratios routinely achieved with cryogenic pulse-tube refrigerators.
Date:
December 1, 1997
Creator:
Swift, G. & Gardner, D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
PAC spectroscopy of electronic ceramics
Dilute indium dopants in cerium oxides and YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} have been studied by{sup 111}In/Cd Perturbed Angular Correlation (PAC) spectroscopy. By controlling oxygen vacancy concentration in the cerium oxides through doping or high-temperature vacuum annealing, we have found that indium always forms a defect complex unless the sample is doped to reduce greatly the oxygen vacancy concentration. Three different vacancy-associated complexes are found with concentrations that depend on doping and oxygen stoichiometry. Another defect complex occurs in samples having negligible vacancy concentration. At low temperatures, evidence is found of interaction with an electronic hole trapped by {sup 111}Cd after the radioactive decay of the {sup 111}In parent. In YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} the indium substitutes preferentially at the Y site but has measurable probability of substitution in at least one of the two copper sites. A symmetry change near 650 {degree}C is consistent with the well-documented orthorhombic/tetragonal transition for samples in air or oxygen.
Date:
December 31, 1991
Creator:
Gardner, J. A.; Wang, Ruiping; Schwenker, R.; Evenson, W. E.; Rasera, R. L. & Sommers, J. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geology of the Western Part of Los Alamos National Laboratory (TA-3 to TA-16), Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico
We present data that elucidate the stratigraphy, geomorphology, and structure in the western part of Los Alamos National Laboratory between Technical Areas 3 and 16 (TA-3 and TA-16). Data include those gathered by geologic mapping of surficial, post-Bandelier Tuff strata, conventional and high-precision geologic mapping and geochemical analysis of cooling units within the Bandelier Tuff, logging of boreholes and a gas pipeline trench, and structural analysis using profiles, cross sections, structure contour maps, and stereographic projections. This work contributes to an improved understanding of the paleoseismic and geomorphic history of the area, which will aid in future seismic hazard evaluations and other investigations. The study area lies at the base of the main, 120-m (400-ft) high escarpment formed by the Pajarito fault, an active fault of the Rio Grande rift that bounds Los Alamos National Laboratory on the west. Subsidiary fracturing, faulting, and folding associated with the Pajarito fault zone extends at least 1,500 m (5,000 ft) to the east of the main Pajarito fault escarpment. Stratigraphic units in the study area include upper units of the Tshirege Member of the early Pleistocene Bandelier Tuff, early Pleistocene alluvial fan deposits that predate incision of canyons on this part of the …
Date:
December 1, 2002
Creator:
C.J.Lewis; A.Lavine; S.L.Reneau; J.N.Gardner; R.Channell & C.W.Criswell
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Uncertainty in future global energy use and fossil fuel CO{sub 2} emissions 1975 to 2075: Appendices C--F
In constructing the model, creating variable names, and linking the model to the Monte Carlo program various naming conventions have been used. These appendices attempt to provide a concise, useful guide linking conceptual variable to model variable to Monte Carlo variables designations. Tables give the basic characteristics of the output distributions for each of the 95 output VALs. These appendices describe in technical detail the Monte Carlo techniques used in the uncertainty analysis. The choice of Latin Hypercube sampling and the methodology employed to attribute output variability to input uncertainty is documented. A complete listing of the software and data base used to generate the Monte Carlo analysis is included.
Date:
December 1, 1985
Creator:
Edmonds, J.A.; Reilly, J.M.; Gardner, R.H. & Brenkert, A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Uncertainty in future global energy use and fossil fuel CO{sub 2} emissions 1975 to 2075: Appendices A--B
Appendix A contains the Monte Carlo Data Set. The data sheets give the distribution for input variables used in Monte Carlo analysis of the IEA/ORAU Global Energy, CO{sub 2} Model. The data sheets include a discussion of data sources, bibliographic sources, and other considerations used in developing the particular data format and values for distributions. As much detail as possible about how distributions are related to published estimates is given but in most cases it was necessary to make a significant leap from available data to the quantified distribution. The distributions are meant to be roughly accurate and to the degree that uncertainty exists about the form and value of distributions, the authors have tended to opt for wider bounds. Appendix B contains The IEA/ORAU Long-Term Global Energy-CO{sub 2} Model, Version A.84 -- Model Improvements. The model was originally developed in 1982 in support of work conducted for the US Department of Energy Carbon Dioxide Research Division in the area of future global fossil fuel related CO emissions research. The uncertainty analysis, documented in this report, made demands on the model that had not previously been made, and in the process of operating the model much was learned about areas …
Date:
December 1, 1985
Creator:
Edmonds, J. A.; Reilly, J. M.; Gardner, R. H. & Brenkert, A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Linear Theory of Boundary Effects in Open Wind Tunnels With Finite Jet Lengths
"In the first part, the boundary conditions for an open wind tunnel (incompressible flow) are examined with special reference to the effects of the closed entrance and exit sections. In the second part, solutions are derived for four types of two-dimensional open tunnels, including one in which the pressures on the two free surfaces are not equal. In the third part, a general method is given for calculating the boundary effect in an open circular wind tunnel of finite jet length" (p. 509).
Date:
December 20, 1948
Creator:
Katzoff, S.; Gardner, Clifford S.; Diesendruck, Leo & Eisenstadt, Bertram J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Catalytic Membrane Sensors
The proposed "catalytic membrane sensor" (CMS) was developed to generate a device which would selectively identify a specific reagent in a complex mixture of gases. This was to be accomplished by modifying an existing Hz sensor with a series of thin films. Through selectively sieving the desired component from a complex mixture and identifying it by decomposing it into Hz (and other by-products), a Hz sensor could then be used to detect the presence of the select component. The proposed "sandwich-type" modifications involved the deposition of a catalyst layered between two size selective sol-gel layers on a Pd/Ni resistive Hz sensor. The role of the catalyst was to convert organic materials to Hz and organic by-products. The role of the membraneo was to impart both chemical specificity by molecukir sieving of the analyte and converted product streams, as well as controlling access to the underlying Pd/Ni sensor. Ultimately, an array of these CMS elements encompassing different catalysts and membranes were to be developed which would enable improved selectivity and specificity from a compiex mixture of organic gases via pattern recognition methodologies. We have successfully generated a CMS device by a series of spin-coat deposited methods; however, it was determined that …
Date:
December 1, 1998
Creator:
Boyle, T.J.; Brinker, C.J.; Gardner, T.J.; Hughes, R.C. & Sault, A.G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
TMTI Task 1.6 Genetic Engineering Methods and Detection
A large number of GE techniques can be adapted from other microorganisms to biothreat bacteria and viruses. Detection of GE in a microorganism increases in difficulty as the size of the genetic change decreases. In addition to the size of the engineered change, the consensus genomic sequence of the microorganism can impact the difficulty of detecting an engineered change in genomes that are highly variable from strain to strain. This problem will require comprehensive databases of whole genome sequences for more genetically variable biothreat bacteria and viruses. Preliminary work with microarrays for detecting synthetic elements or virulence genes and analytic bioinformatic approaches for whole genome sequence comparison to detect genetic engineering show promise for attacking this difficult problem but a large amount of future work remains.
Date:
December 4, 2009
Creator:
Slezak, T.; Lenhoff, R.; Allen, J.; Borucki, M.; Vitalis, E. & Gardner, S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Operating characteristics of rotating beds. Technical progress report for the third quarter 1988
Vapor-liquid contacting in high gravitational fields offers prospects for significant reductions in the physical size, capital, and operating costs of packed towers. Pressure drops, power requirements, mass transfer coefficients and liquid residence time distributions are reported for a rotating bed separator. The beds studied were rigid, foamed aluminum, with specific surface areas ranging from 650 to 3000 m{sup 2}/m{sup 2}. Gravitational fields were varied from 50 to 300g.
Date:
December 31, 1988
Creator:
Keyvani, M. & Gardner, N. C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analog-Model Simulations for Secondary Canal Controls and Forward Pumping Water-Management Schemes in Southeast Florida
From purpose and scope: The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate, through electrical analog model simulation, the effects of two specific water-management proposals in Dade County. Proposal one is the installation of a secondary control on Snake Creek Canal and proposal two is the forward pumping scheme.
Date:
December 1976
Creator:
Cordes, E. H. & Gardner, R. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Flue gas desulfurization by rotating beds. Final technical report
The operating and mass transfer characteristics of rotating foam metal beds were studied to determine the potential for flue gas desulfurization. This is a final technical report on the work supported by DOE {number_sign}FG22-87-PC79924. The report is divided into two sections, Part 1 deals primarily with the operating characteristics of rotating beds, and Part 2 covers the mass transfer characteristics of S0{sub 2} absorption in water-lime slurries. Rotating foam metal beds are in essence packed towers operated in high gravitational fields. The foam metal bed is in the form of a cylindrical donut, or torus, and is rotated to produced the high centrifugal forces. The liquid phase enters the bed at the inner surface of the torus and is pulled by the field through the bed. Gas flows countercurrent to the liquid. The bed packing can have a very large specific surface areas and not flood. Possible benefits include much smaller height of a transfer unit resulting in smaller equipment and supporting structures, reduced solvent inventory, faster response with improved process control, reduced pressure drop, and shorter startup and shut-down times. This work is concerned broadly with the operating characteristics of rotating beds, the objectives being to (1) determine the …
Date:
December 1, 1992
Creator:
Gardner, Nelson; Keyvani, Majid & Coskundeniz, Aydin
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MECHANICAL PROPERTY AND FORMABILITY STUDIES ON UNALLOYED PLUTONIUM
The effect of temperature and testing speed on the tension and compression properties of unalloyed plutouium was studied in the alpha , beta , gamma , and delta phases. Compressive formability data were obtained for a load of 100,000 lbs in the aforementioned phases. In addition, preliminary creep, tension impact, and torsion data for alpha -phase plutonium are reported. Extrusion constants and pressures for the beta , gamma , and delta phases were obtained. The roomtemperature tension and compression properties of the beta - and #gg-extruded plutonium were determined. Metallo graphic studies were made to determine the effect of tension, compression, and extrusion, in the indicated phases, on the microstructure of as-cast plutonium. (auth)
Date:
December 1, 1959
Creator:
Gardner, H.R. & Mann, I.B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The origin of elevated water levels in emplacement boreholes, Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site: A numerical study
The origin of elevated water levels in emplacement boreholes at Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site, is uncertain. If the water is from naturally perched aquifers, then presumed ``above water table`` weapons tests may directly impact the groundwater quality. The purpose of this study is to determine the probable source of the elevated water in boreholes by comparing modeled seepage of infiltrated drilling fluids, and the seepage from a simulated naturally perched aquifer with the observed water level history. In the model, large volumes of water are infiltrated, yet return flow of fluids back into the hole stops within three days after the end of drilling and is insufficient to produce observed standing water. Return flow is limited for two reasons: (1) the volume of the saturated rock next to the borehole is small; (2) pressure head gradient direct unsaturated flow away from the borehole. Simulation of seepage from a naturally perched aquifer readily reproduces the observed water levels.
Date:
December 1, 1993
Creator:
Gardner, G. G. & Brikowski, T. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Open Schedules for Gold and Silver Ores and Concentrates at Western Custom Smelters
Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines discussing the smelting schedules for the operators of silver and gold mines. As stated in the introduction, "the paper discusses smelting schedules, general smelting practices that have a bearing on rates, and the reasons for penalties or credits for certain constituents of ores" (p. 1). This report includes tables.
Date:
December 1936
Creator:
Gardner, E. D. & Allsman, Paul T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bibliography of the technical literature of the Materials Joining Group, 1951--1991
This document contains a listing of the written scientific information originating in the Materials Joining (formerly the Welding and Brazing Group), Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory during 1951 through June 1991. This registry of documents is as much as possible, in the order of issue date.
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
David, S. A.; Goodwin, G. M. & Gardner, K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bibliography of the technical literature of the Materials Joining Group, 1951--1991
This document contains a listing of the written scientific information originating in the Materials Joining (formerly the Welding and Brazing Group), Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory during 1951 through June 1991. This registry of documents is as much as possible, in the order of issue date.
Date:
December 1, 1991
Creator:
David, S. A.; Goodwin, G. M. & Gardner, K. (comps.)
System:
The UNT Digital Library