A technique for modeling quasiparticle excitation energies and rotational parameters in odd-odd deformed nuclei has been used to construct sets of discrete states with energy 0 to 1.5 MeV in /sup 176/Lu and /sup 236/Np. These data were used as part of the input for calculation of isomer production cross-section ratios in the /sup 175/Lu(n,..gamma..)/sup 176/Lu and /sup 237/Np(n,2n)/sup 236/Np reactions. In order to achieve agreement with experiment, it has been found necessary to include in the modeled set many rotational bands (35 to 95), which are comprised of hundreds of levels with their gamma-ray branching ratios. It is essential that enough bands be included to produce a representative selection of K quantum numbers in the de-excitation cascade. 20 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.

We have derived absolute dipole strength-function information for /sup 176/Lu from an average resonance capture study of /sup 175/Lu with 2-keV neutrons, and from neutron capture cross-section measurements with neutrons from 30 keV to about 1 MeV. We found that we needed to increase our previous estimate of the relative M1/E1 strengths near 5 MeV by a factor of 3, and to revise downward the absolute magnitude of our E1 strength function. We accomplished the latter, while still maintaining continuity with the photonuclear data, by adjusting the one free parameter in our line shape. The present E1 and M1 strengths now seem correct both near the neutron separation energy and also around 1 MeV.

Isomer ratio calculations were made for the reactions: /sup 175/Lu(n,..gamma..)/sup 176m,g/Lu, /sup 175/Lu(n,2n)/sup 174m,g/Lu, /sup 237/Np(n,2n)/sup 236m,g/Np, /sup 241/Am(n,..gamma..)/sup 242m,g/Am, and /sup 243/Am(n,..gamma..)/sup 244m,g/Am using modeled level structures in the deformed, odd-odd product nuclei. The hundreds of discrete levels and their gamma-ray branching ratios provided by the modeling are necessary to achieve agreement with experiment. Many rotational bands must be included in order to obtain a sufficiently representative selection of K quantum numbers. The levels of each band must be extended to appropriately high values of angular momentum.

We have derived absolute dipole strength-function information for /sup 176/Lu from an average resonance capture study of /sup 175/Lu with 2-keV neutrons and from neutron capture cross-section measurements with neutrons from 30 keV to about 1 MeV. We found that we needed to increase our previous estimate of the relative M1/E1 strengths near 5 MeV by a factor of 3 and to revise downward the absolute magnitude of our E1 strength function. We accomplished the latter, while still maintaining continuity with the photonuclear data, by adjusting the one free parameter in our line shape. The present E1 and M1 strengths now seem correct both near the neutron separation energy and also around 1 MeV.

We have calculated isomer ratios for the /sup 175/Lu(n,..gamma..), /sup 175/Lu(n,2n), /sup 237/Np(n,2n), /sup 241/Am(n,..gamma..), and /sup 243/Am(n,..gamma..) reactions using modeled level structures in the deformed, odd-odd product nuclei. We find: that the hundreds of discrete levels and their gamma-ray branching ratios provided by the modeling are necessary to achieve agreement with experiment, that many rotational bands must be included in order to obtain a sufficiently representative selection of K quantum numbers, and that the levels of each band must be extended to appropriately high values of angular momentum. 8 references.

None

All available oxygen potential-temperature-composition data for the calcium fluorite-structure <PuO/sub 2-x/> phase were retrieved from the literature and utilized in the development of a binary solid solution representation of the phase. The data and phase relations are found to be best described by a solution of (Pu/sub 4/3/O/sub 2/) and (PuO/sub 2/) with a temperature dependent interaction energy. The fluorite-structure <U/sub 1-z/Pu/sub z/O/sub w/> is assumed to be represented by a combination of the binaries <PuO/sub 2-x/> and <UO/sub 2+-x/>, and thus treated as a solution of (Pu/sub 4/3/O/sub 2/), (PuO/sub 2/), (UO/sub 2/), and either (U/sub 2/O/sub 4/./sub 5/) or (U/sub 3/O/sub 7/). The resulting equations well reproduce the large amount of oxygen potential-temperature-composition data for the mixed oxide system, all of which were also retrieved from the literature. These models are the first that appear to display the appropriate oxygen potential-temperature-composition and phase relation behavior over the entire range of existence for the phases. 39 refs., 10 figs., 3 tabs.

Photocopy of an clipping on the legacy of Women Airforce Service Pilots, their contributions to World War II, and their eventual fight to gain veteran status.

Numerical simulation techniques are used to produce a probable range of predicted values from estimates of uncertainty assigned to the parameters of radiological assessment models. This range is used to indicate the uncertainty in the model's prediction. The importance of individual parameters and exposure pathways is determined by their relative contribution to this simulated uncertainty index. The major pathways of exposure to humans resulting from the airborne emissions of /sup 99/Tc involve the consumption of vegetables, vegetable products, and poultry eggs. The most important model parameters are related to the mobility of /sup 99/Tc in soil, the incorporation of /sup 99/Tc into the edible portions of crops, its transfer from vegetation to poultry eggs, and its atmospheric deposition. Uncertainty in the dose for individuals exposed to /sup 99/Tc-contaminated liquid discharges is dominated by the bioaccumulation of this isotope in aquatic food chains and by the possibility that contaminated surface water will be used as a source of drinking water. Results suggest that future reductions in the present estimates of uncertainty will lead to the dismissal of /sup 99/Tc as an environmentally important radionuclide, provided that de minimis dose levels are eventually adopted and releases of /sup 99/Tc from individual nuclear …

A technique for modeling quasiparticle excitation energies and rotational parameters in odd-odd deformed nuclei has been applied to actinide species where new experimental data have been obtained by use of neutron-capture gamma-ray spectroscopy. The input parameters required for the calculation were derived from empirical data on single-particle excitations in neighboring odd-mass nuclei. Calculated configuration-specific values for the Gallagher-Moszkowski splittings were used. Calculated and experimental level structures for /sup 238/Np, /sup 244/Am, and /sup 250/Bk are compared, as well as those for several nuclei in the rare-earth region. The agreement for the actinide species is excellent, with bandhead energies deviating 22 keV and rotational parameters 5%, on the average. Corresponding average deviations for five rare-earth nuclei are 47 keV and 7%. Several applications of this modeling technique are discussed. 18 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.

Topics and ideas addressed include: (1) the regional extent of the Rio Grande rift; (2) the structure of the crust and upper mantle; (3) whether the evidence for an axile dike in the lower crust is compelling; (4) the nature of faulting and extension in the crust; and (5) the structural and magmatic development of the rift. 88 references, 5 figures.

A shape resonance is a quasibound state in which a particle is temporarily trapped by a potential barrier (i.e., the shape of the potential), through which it may eventually tunnel and escape. This simple mechanism plays a prominent role in a variety of excitation processes in molecules, ranging from vibrational excitation by slow electrons to ionization of deep core levels by x-rays. Moreover, their localized nature makes shape resonances a unifying link between otherwise dissimilar circumstances. One example is the close connection between shape resonances in electron-molecule scattering and in molecular photoionization. Another is the frequent persistence of free-molecule shape resonant behavior upon adsorption on a surface or condensation into a molecular solid. The main focus of this article is a discussion of the basic properties of shape resonances in molecular fields, illustrated by the more transparent examples studied over the last ten years. Other aspects to be discussed are vibrational effects of shape resonances, connections between shape resonances in different physical settings, and examples of shape resonant behavior in more complex cases, which form current challenges in this field.

The principles and design choices for cyclotrons as mass spectrometers are described. They are illustrated by examples of cyclotrons developed by various groups for this purpose. The use of present high energy cyclotrons for mass spectrometry is also described. 28 references, 12 figures.

For heating plasmas and for current drive in some fusion reactors, high energy neutral beams may be required. The high neutralization efficiency of H/sup -/ or D/sup -/ ions makes them favorable to form neutral atoms with energies in excess of 160 keV. It has been shown that a steady-state H/sup -/ ion beam with current greater than 1 A can be generated by a surface conversion type source with Mo being used as the converter material. In order to achieve the proper cesium coverage and thereby increasing the H/sup -/ ion yield, the application of porous cesium-dispensing converters is being investigated. It is also possible to optimize the H/sup -/ production by choosing the proper converter material. In this paper, we compare the negative ion yield generated by different materials (such as Mo, Ti, V, Nb, Pt, Pd, Rh, Cu, Ta, Al, Au, LaB/sub 6/ and stainless-steel) in the pure hydrogen and cesium-hydrogen modes of operation.

Negative ions can be produced by a desorption process when energetic positive hydrogen ions impinge on the surface of reactor walls. The relative yield of different negative ions generated from various surface materials (such as Mo, Pt, Pd, Rh, Cu, Ta, Au, C, TiC and stainless-steel) have been compared in a multicusp plasma source. The negative ions generated are self-extracted from the source, and are identified by a mass spectrometer. The total negative ion current is measured by a Faraday cup.

The chapters of this volume represent the invited papers delivered at the conference. They are arranged according to thermatic proximity beginning with atoms and continuing with molecules and surfaces. Section headings include multiphoton processes in atoms, field fluctuations and collisions in multiphoton process, and multiphoton processes in molecules and surfaces. Abstracts of individual items from the conference were prepared separately for the data base. (GHT)

Energy and angular distributions of neutral ..pi.. mesons emitted in reactions of 35-MeV/u /sup 14/N + A1, Ni, and W have been measured by using beams from the MSU K = 500 cyclotron. The measurements continue a long tradition of subthreshold (in the nucleon-nucleon sense) production of ..pi.. mesons, extending back to the first artificial production by Gardner and Lattes using 75-MeV/u ..cap alpha..-particle beams from the UCRL 184'' synchrocyclotron. Comparisons are made with theory, ascribing the present production to mechanisms of varying degree of collectivity, and some suggestions are made concerning future experimental work. 34 references.

The theory of atomic collisions has two ingredients: collision theory and atomic structure theory. The collision theories differ with respect to (A) the collision dynamics and (B) the treatment of the relative motion of the projectile and target nuclei. With regard to the dynamics multiple vacancy production is of fundamental interest because it is a signature for and probe of strong interactions between the projectile and the target electrons. For projectiles of large nuclear charge, Z/sub p/, especially for those which are highly stripped so as to have a large ionic charge, q, the interaction becomes strong enough to give a high probability of multiple vacancy production and a breakdown of perturbation theory. The familiar first and second Born approximations and their off-shoots cease to be adequate. Not even the recent strong-potential Born approximation (see Taulbjerg 1984) is sufficient, because the weaker of the potentials generated by the projectile and the target nuclei, respectively, is treated in first order. One needs a unitary, non-perturbative collision theory. At present this is generally available for multiple vacancy production only in the form of the highly numerical coupled channels theory (Becker et al. 1983, 1984b). For special problems analytically tractable models have been …

The following topics are contained in this volume: how can materials theory benefit from supercomputers and vice-versa; the materials of xerography; relationship between ab initio and semiempirical theories of electronic structure and renormalization group and the statistical mechanics of polymer systems; ab initio calculations of materials properties; metals in intimate contact; lateral interaction in adsorption: revelations from phase transitions; quantum model of thermal desorption and laser stimulated desorption; extended fine structure in appearance potential spectroscopy as a probe of solid surfaces; structural aspects of band offsets at heterojunction interfaces; multiconfigurational Green's function approach to quantum chemistry; wavefunctions and charge densities for defects in solids: a success for semiempirical theory; empirical methods for predicting the phase diagrams of intermetallic alloys; theoretical considerations regarding impurities in silicon and the chemisorption of simple molecules on Ni; improved Kohn-Sham exchange potential; structural stability calculations for films and crystals; semiempirical molecular orbital modeling of catalytic reactions including promoter effects; theoretical studies of chemical reactions: hydrolysis of formaldehyde; electronic structure calculations for low coverage adlayers; present status of the many-body problem; atomic scattering as a probe of physical adsorption; and, discussion of theoretical techniques in quantum chemistry and solid state physics.

L-shell x-ray production cross sections in /sub 60/Nd, /sub 64/Gd, /sub 67/Ho, /sub 70/Yb, /sub 79/Au and /sub 82/Pb have been measured for incident 25 MeV /sub 6//sup 12/C/sup +q/(q = 4,5,6) and 32 MeV /sub 8//sup 16/O/sup +q/(q = 5,7,8) ions. Measurements were made on targets ranging in thickness from 1 to 100 ..mu..g/cm/sup 2/. Echancement in the L-shell x-ray production cross section for projectiles with one or two K-shell vacancies over those for projectiles with no K-shell vacancies is observed. The sum of direct ionization to the continuum (DI) plus electron capture (EC) to the L,M,N ... shells and EC to the K-shell of the projectile have been extracted from the data. Calculations in the first Born approximation are approx. 10 times larger than the data. Predictions of the ECPSSR theory that accounts for the energy-loss, Coulomb deflection, perturbed-stationary state, and relativistic effects are in good agreement with the data for both ions.

M-shell x-ray production cross sections have been measured for thin solid targets of Au for 25 MeV /sup 12/C/sup q+/ (q = 4, 5, 6) and for 32 MeV /sup 16/O/sup q+/ (q = 5, 7, 8). The microscopic cross sections were determined from measurements made with targets ranging in thickness from 0.5 to 100 ..mu..g/cm/sup 2/. For projectiles with one or two K-shell vacancies, the M-shell x-ray production cross sections are found to be enhanced over those by projectiles without a K-shell vacancy. The sum of direct ionization to the continuum (DI) and electron capture (EC) to the L, M, N ... shells and EC to the K-shell of the projectile have been extracted from the data. The results are compared to the predictions of first Born theories i.e. PWBA for DI and OBK of Nikolaev for EC and the ECPSSR approach that accounts for energy loss, Coulomb deflection and relativistic effects in the perturbed stationary state theory. 25 references, 3 figures, 1 table.

The Los Alamos National Laboratory has begun a program to share its scientific and technological expertise with students and teachers in the surrounding area. The goal of the Laboratory's Educational Outreach Program is to stimulate an awareness of professional opportunities in the sciences and engineering.

A description is presented of the plasma-surface interactions in thermal-barrier tandem-mirror machines. The thermal-barrier mode of axial confinement is an integral part of a tandem mirror, and it dictates the required plasma conditions, particularly at the surface of the plasma. For this reason, a qualitative discussion of the thermal barrier is presented first in Section 2. A brief description of the experimental configuration used in tandem mirrors to create the thermal barrier is then examined in detail in Section 3; the TMX-U and MFTF-B machines are used as specific examples. In Section 4, the relevant plasma-surface interaction issues are addressed, and experimental results from currently operating tandom mirror machines are included. Section 5 is both a summary and a discussion of future work concerned with plasma-surface interactions in tandem mirrors.

Present experiments on TMX-U and modeling of MFTF-B indicate that plasma-surface interactions can be controlled in MFTF-B. The MFTF-B configuration uses a hot electron population created by ECRH and a sloshing-ion population created by neutral beams in the thermal barrier region to create a potential that confines the central cell ions. Neutral beams and ICRH are used to heat the central cell ions. Plasma-surface interactions can be minimized at radial surfaces by control of the axial confinement of the edge plasma. The thermal barrier configuration is sensitive to the background neutral density, and requires low wall reflux and efficient shielding by the edge plasma. Glow discharge cleaning, titanium gettering, and control of the gas from neutral beams will be used to provide wall conditioning and to reduce the background gas pressure. The shielding efficiency of the plasma edge has been modeled in MFTF-B by comparing computer codes with current experimental measurements. In addition, it is very important to reduce high-energy neutral-beam-injected impurities; this is accomplished by using gettering or magnetic separation in the injector systems. Plasma-edge scrapers, diverter-like devices, and direct-conversion equipment will be located in the end region. Major disruptions are not anticipated. Finally, MFTF-B will also test some …