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The Intentional Use of Antimony and Manganese in Ancient Glasses (open access)

The Intentional Use of Antimony and Manganese in Ancient Glasses

Title and Abstract in English, French and German, while paper is in English. The use of manganese as a colorant in ancient glasses has long been recognized and the recent X-ray diffraction measurements of Turner and Rooksby have established that compounds of antimony were used extensively as opacifiers in such glasses. The analysis at Brookhaven National Laboratory of some three hundred ancient western glasses of the second millennium B.C. through the first millennium A.D., of which more than two hundred contained either or both of these elements in sufficiently great concentrations to indicate deliberate additions, not only has provided confirmation of these observation but also evidence that both of these elements were used extensively to counteract discoloration due to iron in glasses intended to be clear and colorless. As is well known in the case of manganese the different behavior of antimony in different glasses appears to depend upon its chemical valence. The technique of decolorizing glass by means of antimony was introduced at about the seventh century B.C. and the similar use of manganese became widespread during the first century A.D. In the following period through the fourth century the alternate or combined use of these decolorants forms an …
Date: 1962
Creator: Sayre, Edward V.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Lutheran College Bulletin, Volume 7, Number 3, June 1923 (open access)

The Lutheran College Bulletin, Volume 7, Number 3, June 1923

Bimonthly newsletter discussing news and events at Texas Lutheran College as well as other topics of interest to the students, staff, and alumni.
Date: June 1923
Creator: Texas Lutheran College
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 6, No. 46, Ed. 1 Friday, August 4, 1916 (open access)

New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 6, No. 46, Ed. 1 Friday, August 4, 1916

Weekly newspaper from New Ulm, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 4, 1916
Creator: Glaeser, Edwin
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 16, Ed. 1 Friday, June 23, 1916 (open access)

The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 16, Ed. 1 Friday, June 23, 1916

Weekly newspaper from Arnett, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: June 23, 1916
Creator: James, Frank M.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 8, Ed. 1 Friday, April 28, 1916 (open access)

The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 8, Ed. 1 Friday, April 28, 1916

Weekly newspaper from Arnett, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: April 28, 1916
Creator: James, Frank M.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 51, Ed. 1 Friday, September 10, 1915 (open access)

New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 51, Ed. 1 Friday, September 10, 1915

Weekly newspaper from New Ulm, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: September 10, 1915
Creator: Glaeser, Edwin
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 19, Ed. 1 Friday, January 29, 1915 (open access)

New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 19, Ed. 1 Friday, January 29, 1915

Weekly newspaper from New Ulm, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 29, 1915
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
German-Texan Heritage Society Newsletter, Volume 7, Number 3, Fall 1985 (open access)

German-Texan Heritage Society Newsletter, Volume 7, Number 3, Fall 1985

Newsletter of the German-Texan Heritage Society providing information about news and events related to the work of the organization as well as stories, articles, genealogical data and other information of interest to members collected from representatives across Texas.
Date: Autumn 1985
Creator: German-Texan Heritage Society
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 27, Ed. 1 Friday, September 8, 1916 (open access)

The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 27, Ed. 1 Friday, September 8, 1916

Weekly newspaper from Arnett, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: September 8, 1916
Creator: James, Frank M.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 37, Ed. 1 Friday, November 19, 1915 (open access)

The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 37, Ed. 1 Friday, November 19, 1915

Weekly newspaper from Arnett, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: November 19, 1915
Creator: James, Frank M.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 30, Ed. 1 Friday, October 1, 1915 (open access)

The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 30, Ed. 1 Friday, October 1, 1915

Weekly newspaper from Arnett, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: October 1, 1915
Creator: James, Frank M.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 6, No. 12, Ed. 1 Friday, December 10, 1915 (open access)

New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 6, No. 12, Ed. 1 Friday, December 10, 1915

Weekly newspaper from New Ulm, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 10, 1915
Creator: Glaeser, Edwin
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 47, Ed. 1 Friday, August 13, 1915 (open access)

New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 47, Ed. 1 Friday, August 13, 1915

Weekly newspaper from New Ulm, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 13, 1915
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 25, Ed. 1 Friday, March 12, 1915 (open access)

New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 25, Ed. 1 Friday, March 12, 1915

Weekly newspaper from New Ulm, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 12, 1915
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 28, Ed. 1 Friday, September 17, 1915 (open access)

The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 28, Ed. 1 Friday, September 17, 1915

Weekly newspaper from Arnett, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: September 17, 1915
Creator: James, Frank M.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 35, Ed. 1 Friday, November 3, 1916 (open access)

The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 35, Ed. 1 Friday, November 3, 1916

Weekly newspaper from Arnett, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: November 3, 1916
Creator: James, Frank M.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Lutheran College Bulletin, Volume 7, Number 5, October 1923 (open access)

The Lutheran College Bulletin, Volume 7, Number 5, October 1923

Bimonthly newsletter discussing news and events at Texas Lutheran College as well as other topics of interest to the students, staff, and alumni.
Date: October 1923
Creator: Texas Lutheran College
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 37, Ed. 1 Friday, June 4, 1915 (open access)

New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 37, Ed. 1 Friday, June 4, 1915

Weekly newspaper from New Ulm, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: June 4, 1915
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 9, Ed. 1 Friday, May 5, 1916 (open access)

The Arnett Leader. (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 9, Ed. 1 Friday, May 5, 1916

Weekly newspaper from Arnett, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: May 5, 1916
Creator: James, Frank M.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Giddings Deutsches Volksblatt. (Giddings, Tex.), Vol. 48, No. 19, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 1948 (open access)

Giddings Deutsches Volksblatt. (Giddings, Tex.), Vol. 48, No. 19, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 1948

Weekly German-language newspaper from Giddings, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: October 7, 1948
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 6, No. 37, Ed. 1 Friday, June 2, 1916 (open access)

New Ulm Enterprise (New Ulm, Tex.), Vol. 6, No. 37, Ed. 1 Friday, June 2, 1916

Weekly newspaper from New Ulm, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: June 2, 1916
Creator: Glaeser, Edwin
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Lutheran College Bulletin, Volume 6, Number 3, June 1922 (open access)

The Lutheran College Bulletin, Volume 6, Number 3, June 1922

Bimonthly newsletter discussing news and events at Texas Lutheran College as well as other topics of interest to the students, staff, and alumni.
Date: June 1922
Creator: Texas Lutheran College
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
German-Texan Heritage Society, The Journal, Volume 12, Number 3, Fall 1990 (open access)

German-Texan Heritage Society, The Journal, Volume 12, Number 3, Fall 1990

Quarterly publication of the German-Texan Heritage Society providing information about news and events related to the work of the organization as well as stories, articles, genealogical data and other information of interest to members collected from representatives across Texas.
Date: Autumn 1990
Creator: German-Texan Heritage Society
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
Fairview Republican (Fairview, Okla.), Vol. 12, No. 27, Ed. 1 Friday, April 5, 1912 (open access)

Fairview Republican (Fairview, Okla.), Vol. 12, No. 27, Ed. 1 Friday, April 5, 1912

Weekly newspaper from Fairview, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: April 5, 1912
Creator: Cunningham, H. P.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History