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Establishing the American Way of Death: World War I and the Foundation of the United States’ Policy Toward the Repatriation and Burial of Its Battlefield Dead
This thesis examines the policies and procedures created during and after the First World War that provided the foundation for how the United States commemorated its war dead for the next century. Many of the techniques used in modern times date back to the Great War. However, one hundred years earlier, America possessed very few methods or even ideas about how to locate, identify, repatriate, and honor its military personnel that died during foreign conflicts. These ideas were not conceived in the halls of government buildings. On the contrary, concerned citizens originated many of the concepts later codified by the American government. This paper draws extensively upon archival documents, newspapers, and published primary sources to trace the history of America’s burial and repatriation policies, the Army Graves Registration Services, and how American dead came to permanently rest in military cemeteries on the continent of Europe. The unprecedented dilemma of over 80,000 American soldiers buried in France and surrounding countries at the conclusion of the First World War in 1918 propelled the United States to solve many social, political, and military problems that arose over the final disposition of those remains. The solutions to those problems became the foundation for how …
Date:
August 2015
Creator:
Hatzinger, Kyle J.
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cracking the Closed Society: James W. Silver and the Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi
This thesis examines the life of James Wesley Silver, a professor of history at the University of Mississippi for twenty-six years and author of Mississippi: The Closed Society, a scathing attack on the Magnolia State's history of racial oppression. In 1962, Silver witnessed the campus riot resulting from James Meredith's enrollment as the first black student at the state's hallowed public university and claims this was the catalyst for writing his book. However, by examining James Silver's personal and professional activities and comparing them with the political, cultural, and social events taking place concurrently, this paper demonstrates that his entire life, the gamut of his experiences, culminated in the creation of his own rebel yell, Mississippi: The Closed Society. Chapter 1 establishes Silver's environment by exploring the history and sociology of the South during the years of his residency. Chapter 2 discusses Silver's background and early years, culminating with his appointment as a faculty member of the University of Mississippi in 1936. Chapter 3 reveals Silver's personal and professional life during the 1940s, as well as the era's notable historical events. The decade of the 1950s is discussed in chapter 4, particularly the civil rights movement, Silver's response to these …
Date:
May 2010
Creator:
Fox, Lisa Ann
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Earps Invade Southern California: Bootlegging Los Angeles, Santa Monica, and the Old Soldiers’ Home
Access:
Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
Most readers of the Wild West know Wyatt Earp, Virgil Earp, and Morgan Earp for the famous shootout on the streets of Tombstone, Arizona. But few know the later years of the close-knit Earp family, which revolved around patriarch Nicholas Earp, and their last push at a major monetary coup in Los Angeles. By 1900 a newly established Old Soldiers’ Home was in place at Sawtelle (between Santa Monica and Los Angeles), with thousands of veterans earning monthly pensions, but in an environment where alcohol was prohibited. Enter the Earps and their “blind pig” (illicit alcohol sales) scheme. Two of the Earps, Nicholas and son Newton, were enrolled in the Soldiers’ Home, and Newton’s far more famous half-brothers Wyatt and Virgil showed up from time to time, but the star of the operation was older brother James. Booze would flow, the pension money would be “dispersed about,” and jails were sometimes filled, as the Earps and several other men on the make competed for the veterans’ money. We are also reintroduced to Old West figures such as “Gunfighter Surgeon” Dr. George Goodfellow, “Silver Tongued Orator” Thomas Fitch, millionaire George Hearst, detective J.V. Brighton, Lucky Baldwin, and many other well-known westerners …
Date:
July 15, 2020
Creator:
Chaput, Donald & De Haas, David D., 1956-
Object Type:
Book
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Scouting with the Buffalo Soldiers: Lieutenant Powhatan Clarke, Frederic Remington, and the Tenth U.S. Cavalry in the Southwest
Access:
Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
On a hot summer’s day in Montana, a daring frontier cavalry officer, Powhatan Henry Clarke, died at the height of his promising career. A member of the U.S. Military Academy’s Class of 1884, Clarke graduated dead last, and while short on academic application, he was long on charm and bravado. Clarke obtained a commission with the black troops of the Tenth Cavalry, earning his spurs with these “Buffalo Soldiers.” He evolved into a fearless field commander at the troop level, gaining glory and first-hand knowledge of what it took to campaign in the West. During his brief, action-packed career, Clarke saved a black trooper’s life while under Apache fire and was awarded the Medal of Honor. A chance meeting brought Clarke together with artist Frederic Remington, who brought national attention to Clarke when he illustrated the exploit for an 1886 Harper’s Weekly. The officer and artist became friends, and Clarke served as a model and consultant for future artwork by Remington. Remington’s many depictions of Clarke added greatly to the cavalryman’s luster. In turn, the artist gained fame and fortune in part from drawing on Clarke as his muse. The story of these two unlikely comrades tells much about the …
Date:
October 15, 2020
Creator:
Langellier, John P. (John Phillip)
Object Type:
Book
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hair: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical by Gerome Ragni and James Rado: An Annotated Edition with Introduction
The epochal musical Hair is based predominantly on the actions and reactions to the cultural and societal occurrences of the Sixties. So, what can be done to help in the understanding of this historic musical? The answer: to produce an annotated text of the musical that will offer support to director and cast. The study consists of four chapters; the first, an introduction to the study; the second, a historical review (1960-1970); the third, the annotations which seeks to identify and explain all unfamiliar or unusual words, cultural obscurities, or personalities that might confuse, or otherwise mislead a full and comprehensive understanding of the author's original concept; and fourth, the worldwide performances of Hair and revivals after the original Broadway production.
Date:
August 1993
Creator:
Culver, William Marc
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Horses Against Tanks: Historical Memory and the German Invasion of Poland
The entrance of the German Invasion of Poland and depiction thereof into modern historiographical conversations offers historians superior articulation of the creation of historical memory, mythos, and identity ‒ especially in wider terms of European Imperialism. By utilizing the current trends in gendering of empire, the use of auto-biography and life writing to understand felt realities and obfuscated truths, and the attempts by empire to queer and utilize labeled deviations to control and gain power over their colonized subjects, one is presented a better understanding of how the German Invasion of Poland fits into the story of empire and indigeneity. That story continues past the Third Reich however, as German propaganda in its various forms was accepted as truth after the Second World War, providing justification for and rationalizing post war political power structures of Western nations. As the threat of a cold war with the USSR loomed, many in the American military felt it necessary to accept and support German myths about their military prowess (and non-culpability for the Holocaust) and the inferiority of Slavic military forces. By analyzing not the myths themselves, but how they were created and propagated, historians can add to this historical conversation a case …
Date:
December 2023
Creator:
Palmer, Matthew Steven
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
American Women Report World War I: An Anthology of Their Journalism
Access:
Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
In the opening decades of the 20th century, war reporting remained one of the most well-guarded, thoroughly male bastions of journalism. However, when war erupted in Europe in August 1914, a Boston woman, Mary Boyle O’Reilly, became one of the first journalists to bring the war to American newspapers. A Saturday Evening Post journalist, Mary Roberts Rinehart, became the first journalist, of any country, of any gender, to visit the trenches. These women were only the first wave of female journalists who covered the conflict. American Women Report World War I collects more than 35 of the best of their articles and those that highlight the richness of their contribution to the history of the Great War. Editor Chris Dubbs provides section introductions for background and context to stories such as “Woman Writer Sees Horrors of Battle,” “Star Woman Runs Blockade,” and “America Meets France.” The work of female journalists focuses more squarely on individuals caught in the conflict—including themselves. It offers a valuable counterpoint to the male, horror-of-the-trenches experience and demonstrates how World War I served as a catalyst that enabled women to expand the public forum for their opinions on social and moral issues.
Date:
2021
Creator:
Dubbs, Chris
Object Type:
Book
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Chronological Study of Experiential Education in the American History Museum
This study traced the evolution of experiential education in American history museums from 1787 to 2007. Because of a decline in attendance, museum educators need to identify best practices to draw and retain audiences. I used 16 museology and history journals, books, and archives of museums prominent for using the method. I also interviewed 15 museum educators who employ experiential learning, one master interpreter of the National Park Service, and an independent museum exhibit developer. Experiential education involves doing with hands touching physical materials. Four minor questions concerned antecedents of experiential learning, reasons to invest in the method, the influence of social context, and cultural pluralism. Next is a review of the theorists whose works support experiential learning: Dewey, Piaget, Vygotsky, Lewin, Bruner, Eisner, Hein, and David Kolb plus master parks interpreter Freeman Tilden. The 8 characteristics they support include prior experiences, physical action, interaction with the environment, use of the senses, emotion, social relationships, and personal meaning. Other sections are manifestation of experiential learning, transformation of history museums, and cultural pluralism in history museums. The research design is descriptive, and the procedure, document analysis and structured interview. Findings are divided by decades after the first 120 years. Social context, …
Date:
December 2007
Creator:
Cook, Bettye Alexander
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Small Town America in World War II: War Stories From Wrightsville, Pennsylvania
Access:
Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
Historians acknowledge that World War II touched every man, woman, and child in the United States. In Small Town America in World War II, Ronald E. Marcello uses oral history interviews with civilians and veterans to explore how the citizens of Wrightsville, Pennsylvania, responded to the war effort. Interviews with citizens and veterans are organized in sections on the home front; the North African-Italian, European, and Pacific theatres; stateside military service; and occupation in Germany. Throughout Marcello provides introductions and contextual narrative on World War II as well as annotations for events and military terms. Overseas the citizens of Wrightsville turned into soldiers. A veteran of the Battle of the Bulge, Edward Reisinger, remembered, “Replacements had little chance of surviving. They were sent to the front one day, and the next day they were coming back with mattress covers over them.” Tanker Mervin Haugh recalls, “The next thing we knew, the German tanks attacked us. They knocked out five of our tanks quickly, and they all burned up in flames.”
Date:
April 2014
Creator:
Marcello, Ronald E.
Object Type:
Book
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Minutes of the Quarterly Meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society, July 27, 1967
This section includes the minutes of the quarterly meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society that was held on July 27, 1967.
Date:
Autumn 1967
Creator:
Oklahoma Historical Society
Object Type:
Article
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Texas Mesquiter. (Mesquite, Tex.), Vol. 40, No. 1, Ed. 1 Friday, July 29, 1921
Weekly newspaper from Mesquite, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with advertising.
Date:
July 29, 1921
Creator:
Davis, John E.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Grand Saline Sun. (Grand Saline, Tex.), Vol. 27, No. 44, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 19, 1920
Weekly newspaper from Grand Saline, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
August 19, 1920
Creator:
Walton, Roy
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Johnston County Capital-Democrat (Tishomingo, Okla.), Vol. 12, No. 40, Ed. 1 Thursday, November 10, 1921
Weekly newspaper from Tishomingo, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
November 10, 1921
Creator:
Geers, Will C.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Elm Fork Echoes, Volume 13, Number 1, April 1985
The newsletter of the Peters Colony Historical Society of Dallas County, Texas contains information related to the activities of the society and its members as well as genealogical notes and history for the Dallas County, Texas and surrounding areas. Index starts on page 59.
Date:
April 1985
Creator:
Peters Colony Historical Society of Dallas County, Texas
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Clifton Record (Clifton, Tex.), Vol. 27, No. 20, Ed. 1 Friday, July 29, 1921
Weekly newspaper from Clifton, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
July 29, 1921
Creator:
Baldridge, Robert L.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Notes and Documents, June 1942
Notes and Documents column including notes regarding a list of relevant articles for the society's readers, descriptions of inventory materials acquired by multiple historical associations, an announcement of the presentation of a book by the state's historical society, and the minutes for the annual meeting of the Oklahoma Historical Society held on April 20, 1942.
Date:
Summer 1942
Creator:
Moffitt, James W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Harmon County Tribune (Hollis, Okla.), Vol. 11, No. 26, Ed. 1 Tuesday, February 8, 1921
Weekly newspaper from Hollis, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
February 8, 1921
Creator:
White, J. Warren
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Collin Chronicles, Volume 21, Number 1, 2000/2001
Quarterly publication containing "notification of upcoming events, timely material from local societies, general research information, material availability from area libraries, spotlighting members, and other news."
Date:
2001
Creator:
Collin County Genealogical Society
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Nocona News. (Nocona, Tex.), Vol. 20, No. 18, Ed. 1 Friday, October 9, 1925
Weekly newspaper from Nocona, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
October 9, 1925
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Jacksboro Gazette-News (Jacksboro, Tex.), Vol. 69, No. 4, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 24, 1948
Weekly newspaper from Jacksboro, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
June 24, 1948
Creator:
Dennis, James R., Jr.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Gainesville Daily Register and Messenger (Gainesville, Tex.), Vol. 40, No. 67, Ed. 1 Tuesday, March 4, 1924
Daily newspaper from Gainesville, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
March 4, 1924
Creator:
Leonard, J. T.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Hemphill County News (Canadian, Tex), Vol. 10, No. 6, Ed. 1, Friday, October 17, 1947
Weekly newspaper from Canadian, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
October 17, 1947
Creator:
Miller, Othello Ontje
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Ottawa County Courier (Wyandotte, Okla.), Vol. 4, No. 30, Ed. 1 Friday, March 10, 1911
Weekly newspaper from Wyandotte, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
March 10, 1911
Creator:
Baxter, W. S.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Wise County Messenger. (Decatur, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 20, Ed. 1 Friday, May 20, 1921
Weekly newspaper from Decatur, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
May 20, 1921
Creator:
Collins, Dick & Smith, Marvin B.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History