Leadership in Career and Technical Education: Beginning the 21st Century is the third edited book published by the University Council of Workforce and Human Resource Education (UCWHRE), formerly the University Council of Vocational Education (UCVE). The previous books, Beyond Tradition: Preparing the Teachers of Tomorrow's Workforce (Hartley & Wentling, 1996) and Beyond Tradition: Preparing Human Resource Development Educators for Tomorrow's Workforce (Stewart & Hall, 1998) reported trends in their respective fields and also addressed issues that are perennial to workforce education. This publication is somewhat different in that it represents a collaborative effort among members of the UCWHRE, the National Research Center for Career and Technical Education and the National Dissemination Center for Career and Technical Education. This collaboration symbolizes efforts to link theory and research to practice and practice to theory and research.

This article provides a content analysis of studies from 2010 to 2020 aiming to disclose how artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied to the education sector and explore the potential research trends and challenges of AI in education. The content analysis shows that the research questions can be classified into development layer (classification, matching, recommendation, and deep learning), application layer (feedback, reasoning, and adaptive learning), and integration layer (affection computing, role-playing, immersive learning, and gamification).