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Residential energy use and conservation in Venezuela: Results and implications of a household survey in Caracas
This document presents the final report of a study of residential energy use in Caracas, the capital of Venezuela. It contains the findings of a household energy-use survey held in Caracas in 1988 and examines options for introducing energy conservation measures in the Venezuelan residential sector. Oil exports form the backbone of the Venezuelan economy. Improving energy efficiency in Venezuela will help free domestic oil resources that can be sold to the rest of the world. Energy conservation will also contribute to a faster recovery of the economy by reducing the need for major investments in new energy facilities, allowing the Venezuelan government to direct its financial investments towards other areas of development. Local environmental benefits will constitute an important additional by-product of implementing energy-efficiency policies in Venezuela. Caracas`s residential sector shows great potential for energy conservation. The sector is characterized by high saturation levels of major appliances, inefficiency of appliances available in the market, and by careless patterns of energy use. Household energy use per capita average 6.5 GJ/per year which is higher than most cities in developing countries; most of this energy is used for cooking. Electricity accounts for 41% of all energy use, while LPG and natural …
Date:
October 1, 1992
Creator:
Figueroa, M. J.; Ketoff, A. & Masera, O.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Inter-American Convention on Sea Turtles
This treaty provides the legal framework for member countries in the Americas and the Caribbean to take actions for the benefit of sea turtles
Date:
1998
Creator:
United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton) & Albright, Madeleine Korbel
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Supporting technology for enhanced oil recovery: Sixth amendment and extension to Annex IV enhanced oil recovery thermal processes
This report contains the results of efforts under the six tasks of the Sixth Amendment and Extension of Annex 4, Enhanced Oil Recovery Thermal Processes of the Venezuela/USA Agreement. The report is presented in sections (for each of the 6 tasks) and each section contains one or more reports prepared by various individuals or groups describing the results of efforts under each of the tasks. A statement of each task, taken from the agreement, is presented on the first page of each section. The tasks are numbered 44 through 49. Tasks are: DOE-SUPRI-laboratory research on steam foam, CAT-SCAN, and in-situ combustion; INTEVEP-laboratory research and field projects on steam foam; DOE-NIPER-laboratory research and field projects light oil steam flooding; INTEVEP-laboratory research and field studies on wellbore heat losses; DOE-LLNL-laboratory research and field projects on electromagnetic induction tomography; INTEVEP-laoboratory research on mechanistic studies.
Date:
October 1, 1991
Creator:
Reid, T.B. (USDOE Bartlesville Project Office, OK (United States)) & Rivas, O. (INTEVEP, Filial de Petroleos de Venezuela, SA, Caracas (Venezuela))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Novel compound semiconductor devices based on III-V nitrides
New developments in dry and wet etching, ohmic contacts and epitaxial growth of Ill-V nitrides are reported. These make possible devices such as microdisk laser structures and GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors with improved InN ohmic contacts.
Date:
October 1, 1995
Creator:
Pearton, S.J.; Abernathy, C.R. & Ren, F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ensemble: 1996-03-10 - Zebras
UNT Zebras concert presented at the UNT College of Music Kenton Hall.
Date:
March 10, 1996
Creator:
Zebras (Musical group)
Object Type:
Sound
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ensemble: 1995-11-12 - Zebras
Ensemble concert presented at the UNT College of Music Kenton Hall.
Date:
November 12, 1995
Creator:
Zebras (Musical group)
Object Type:
Sound
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Kinetic modeling of petroleum formation in the Maracaibo Basin: Final report, Annex 12
The purpose of this project is to develop and test improved kinetic models of petroleum generation and cracking, pore pressure buildup, and fluid expulsion. The work was performed jointly between Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Research Organization of the Venezuelan National Petroleum Company under Annex 12 of an agreement between DOE and the Venezuelan Ministry of Energy and Mines. Laboratory experiments were conducted at both LLNL and INTEVEP to obtain the reaction rate and product composition information needed to develop chemical kinetic models. Experiments at INTEVEP included hydrous pyrolysis and characterization of oils by gas and liquid chromatography. Experiments at LLNL included programmed pyrolysis in open and self-purging reactors, sometimes including on-line gas analysis by tandem mass spectrometry, and characterization of oils by gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. The PMOD code was used to develop a detailed pyrolysis mechanism from the extensive laboratory data. This mechanism is able to predict yield of bitumen, oil, and gas as a function of time and temperature for such diverse laboratory conditions as hydrous pyrolysis and rapid, programmed, open pyrolysis. PMOD calculations were compared to geologic observations for 22 wells in the Maracaibo basin. When permeability parameters are chosen to match calculated pore …
Date:
July 1, 1992
Creator:
Burnham, A. K.; Braun, R. L.; Sweeney, J. J.; Reynolds, J. G.; Vallejos, C. & Talukdar, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ensemble
Ensemble: a) Hooded shawl/cape of bright olive and navy blue houndstooth lightweight wool with fringe trim throughout. Label: Carolina Herrera/ Neiman Marcus b) Skirt of bright olive and navy blue houndstooth wool with a heavier weight and wider check. Skirt has a slight A-line and is knee length; three knife pleats at lower center half. Center back zip and hinge closure; fully lined in navy blue silk. Label: Carolina Herrera c) Belt of self fabric, like shawl, with navy blue leather edges, and backing and buckle. Label: Carolina Herrera/ Size 10
Date:
1990/1999
Creator:
Herrera, Carolina
Object Type:
Physical Object
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ensemble: 1997-11-13 - The Zebras
Jazz concert performed at the UNT College of Music Kenton Hall.
Date:
November 13, 1997
Creator:
University of North Texas. The Zebras.
Object Type:
Sound
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ensemble Recital: 1999-04-15 - The Zebras
Access:
Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
A jazz recital performed at the UNT College of Music Kenton Hall.
Date:
April 15, 1999
Creator:
University of North Texas. The Zebras.
Object Type:
Sound
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear modeling for applications in medical radiation therapy and accelerator-driven technologies
An understanding of the interactions of neutrons and protons below a few hundred MeV with nuclei is important for a number of applications. In this paper, two new applications are discussed: radiation transport calculations of energy deposition in fast neutron and proton cancer radiotherapy to optimize the dose given to a tumor; and intermediate-energy proton accelerators which are currently being designed for a range of applications including the destruction of long-lived radioactive nuclear waste. We describe nuclear theory calculations of direct, preequilibrium, and compound nucleus reaction mechanisms important for the modeling of these systems.
Date:
June 1, 1995
Creator:
Chadwick, M.B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Low-Density Ionization Behavior
As part of a continuing study of the physics of matter under extreme conditions, I give some results on matter at extremely low density. In particular I compare a quantum mechanical calculation of the pressure for atomic hydrogen with the corresponding pressure given by Thomas-Fermi theory. (This calculation differs from the ``confined atom`` approximation in a physically significant way.) Since Thomas-Fermi theory in some sense, represents the case of infinite nuclear charge, these cases should represent extremes. Comparison is also made with Saha theory, which considers ionization from a chemical point of view, but is weak on excited-state effects. In this theory, the pressure undergoes rapid variation as electron ionization levels are passed. This effect is in contrast to the smooth behavior of the Thomas-Fermi fixed temperature, complete ionization occurs in the low density limit, I study the case where the temperature goes appropriately to zero with the density. Although considerable modification is required, Saha theory is closer to the actual results for this case than is Thomas-Fermi theory.
Date:
April 1, 1995
Creator:
Baker, G. A., Jr.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Disposal of NORM waste in salt caverns
Some types of oil and gas production and processing wastes contain naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). If NORM is present at concentrations above regulatory levels in oil field waste, the waste requires special disposal practices. The existing disposal options for wastes containing NORM are limited and costly. This paper evaluates the legality, technical feasibility, economics, and human health risk of disposing of NORM-contaminated oil field wastes in salt caverns. Cavern disposal of NORM waste is technically feasible and poses a very low human health risk. From a legal perspective, there are no fatal flaws that would prevent a state regulatory agency from approving cavern disposal of NORM. On the basis of the costs charged by caverns currently used for disposal of nonhazardous oil field waste (NOW), NORM waste disposal caverns could be cost competitive with existing NORM waste disposal methods when regulatory agencies approve the practice.
Date:
July 1, 1998
Creator:
Veil, J. A.; Smith, K. P.; Tomasko, D.; Elcock, D.; Blunt, D. & Williams, G. P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Density functional calculations for prediction of ultra-thin film structure and properties
Most of the published theoretical and calculational effort on unsupported, ordered, ultra-thin films (``UTF``) in vacuo has focused on the thickest computationally feasible systems as models for surface properties of semi-infinite slabs. Crystalline periodic length scales in two cartesian dimensions combined with molecular- scale thickness in the third, however, make UTF`s strong candidates for the occurrence of quantum interference effects. Many UTF properties were predicted first from jellium slab models. A noteworthy prediction was that there would be large oscillations in the work function as a function of layer number. Extensive calculations on a variety of N-layers (N = 1,2,3... atomic planes) using all-electron, full-potential, local-spin-density approximation techniques show that the work function oscillation is weaker than expected but that there are significant layer-number dependences in the equilibrium lattice parameters, inter-planar spacings, electronic structure, density of states, and electronic stopping power. This paper reviews our own calculations as well as some others. Our objectives include the discernment of systematics within UTF`s, systematics in relationship to their counterpart crystals, relationship with surface properties, and appraisal of challenges to current models and methods.
Date:
September 1, 1995
Creator:
Trickey, S.B. & Boettger, J.C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Composite fermion excitations in fractional quantum Hall systems
In two dimensional systems in a strong magnetic field, electrons can be transformed into composite Fermions (CF) by attaching to each a fictitious flux tube (carrying flux {Phi}) and fictitious charge q, where the product q{sup {Phi}} is a multiple of 2 {Pi}. In the mean field approximation, this transformation converts a fractionally filled electron Landau level into an integrally filled CF Landau level. This integrally filled CF Landau level corresponds to the ground state of a Laughlin incompressible fluid. Excited states are described by the n{sub QE} and n{sub QH}, the numbers of quasielectron and quasihole CF excitations. For N electrons on the surface of a sphere the energy and angular momentum of a quasihole (or quasielectron) are {var_epsilon}{sub QH} and l{sub QH}=1/2(N+n{sub QH}-n{sub QE}-1) (or {var_epsilon}{sub QE} and l{sub QE}=l{sub QH}+1). The lowest energy sector of the energy spectrum contains the minimum number of CF excitations consistent with the value of N and the degeneracy of the lowest Landau level, 2S+1. The first excited sector contains one additional QE-QH pair. The total angular momentum L is obtained by adding the angular momenta of QE excitations and QH excitations treated as distinguished sets of Fermions. In the absence of …
Date:
April 1, 1995
Creator:
Quinn, John J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Properties of pure and sulfided NiMoO{sub 4} and CoMoO{sub 4} catalysts: TPR, XANES and time-resolved XRD studies
X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was used to characterize the structural and electronic properties of a series of cobalt- and nickel-molybdate catalysts (AMoO{sub 4}.nH{sub 2}O, {alpha}-AMoO{sub 4}, {beta}-AMoO{sub 4}; A=Co or Ni). The results of XANES indicate that the Co and Ni atoms are in octahedral sites in all these compounds, while the coordination of Mo varies from octahedral in the {alpha}-phases to tetrahedral in the {beta}-phases and hydrate. Time-resolved x-ray diffraction shows a direct transformation of the hydrates into the {beta}-AMoO{sub 4} compounds (following a kinetics of first order) at temperatures between 200 and 350{degrees}C. This is facilitated by the similarities that the AMoO{sub 4}.nH{sub 2}O and H{sub 2} at temperatures between 400 and 600{degrees}C, forming gaseous water oxides in which the oxidation state of Co and Ni remains +2 while that of Mo is reduced to +5 or +4. After exposing {alpha}-NiMoO{sub 4} and {beta}-NiMoO{sub 4} to H{sub 2}S, both metals get sulfided and a NiMoS{sub x} phase is formed. For the {beta} phase of NiMoO{sub 4} the sulfidation of Mo is more extensive than for the {alpha} phase, making the former a better precursor for catalysts of hydrodesulfurization reactions.
Date:
December 31, 1998
Creator:
Chaturvedi, S.; Rodriguez, J. A.; Hanson, J. C.; Albornoz, A. & Brito, J. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Household energy use in urban Venezuela: Implications from surveys in Maracaibo, Valencia, Merida, and Barcelona-Puerto La Cruz
This report identifies the most important results of a comparative analysis of household commercial energy use in Venezuelan urban cities. The use of modern fuels is widespread among all cities. Cooking consumes the largest share of urban household energy use. The survey documents no use of biomass and a negligible use of kerosene for cooking. LPG, natural gas, and kerosene are the main fuels available. LPG is the fuel choice of low-income households in all cities except Maracaibo, where 40% of all households use natural gas. Electricity consumption in Venezuela`s urban households is remarkably high compared with the levels used in households in comparable Latin American countries and in households of industrialized nations which confront harsher climatic conditions and, therefore, use electricity for water and space heating. The penetration of appliances in Venezuela`s urban households is very high. The appliances available on the market are inefficient, and there are inefficient patterns of energy use among the population. Climate conditions and the urban built form all play important roles in determining the high level of energy consumption in Venezuelan urban households. It is important to acknowledge the opportunities for introducing energy efficiency and conservation in Venezuela`s residential sector, particularly given current …
Date:
August 1, 1993
Creator:
Figueroa, M. J. & Sathaye, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
PAN-EARTH/CEACT International Workshop on Climate Variability and Climate Change in Venezuela and the Caribbean Region
Report on an international workshop on climate variability and climate change in Venezuela and the Caribbean region.
Date:
April 1990
Creator:
Acevedo, Miguel F.; Andressen, Rigoberto; Caponi, Claudio; Moreau, Alicia & Robock, Alan
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Venezuelan Guayana Shield
Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey and the Corporación Venezolana de Guayana, Técnica Minera, C.A., conducted a cooperative mapping, exploration, and mineral resource estimation study in Venezuela from 1987 to 1992. The work was conducted in the Venezuelan Guayana Shield, an Archean to Early and Middle Proterozoic craton in southern and eastern Venezuela of almost 415,000 km2 that is mostly covered by jungle and savanna. Results obtained from this project contribute a new understanding of the geology and evolution of the Venezuelan Guayana Shield and the nature of its mineral occurrences. Personnel from Técnica Minera, C.A., were trained both in the field and in the office to conduct modern mineral exploration and geologic mapping and research programs. This five-year project was supported financially by the Corporación Venezolana de Guayana.
Date:
1995
Creator:
Sidder, Gary B.; García Gerdes, Andrés E. & Stoeser, J. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Taller de Trabajo sobre evaluación de los Efectos Ecológicos de los Cambios Climáticos Globales
This report discusses the Ecological Effects Assessment of Climatic changes in Venezuela Workshop, organized by the PAN-EARTH Project and the Centre for Ecology of the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC). The main objective was the evaluation of the effects of climate changes on the main ecosystems in Venezuela using ecological models.
Date:
July 1990
Creator:
Acevedo, Miguel F.; Andressen, Rigoberto; Arends, Ernesto; Azocar, Aura; Borges, Felix; Corvo, Fernando et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
University Press (Beaumont, Tex.), Vol. 73, No. 33, Ed. 1 Friday, February 14, 1997
Semiweekly newspaper from Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas that includes local, national, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
February 14, 1997
Creator:
Pearson, Allen
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Evaluation of NIPER thermal EOR research, state-of-the-art and research needs
The Thermal Oil Production Research Group at NIPER has conducted research on behalf of the US Department of Energy on thermal methods of oil production (steam and for 1 year, in situ combustion) since 1983. Research projects performed by this group have attempted to adapt to the needs and direction of the DOE`s oil research program and that of industry. This report summarizes the research that has been conducted, analyses the contributions of the research, describes how the technology was transferred to potential users, analyzes current trends in thermal research and thermal oil production, and makes suggestions for future research where NIPER could contribute to advances in thermal oil production.
Date:
June 1, 1993
Creator:
Sarathi, P. S.; Olsen, D. K.; Mahmood, S. M. & Ramzel, E. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 92, No. 224, Ed. 1 Sunday, November 29, 1992
Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
November 29, 1992
Creator:
Lomenick, Rick
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
OPPORTUNITIES TO MARKET U.S. TECHNOLOGIES THROUGHOUT THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
This project involves an open-ended, continuous process of information gathering with respect to Latin American and Caribbean environmental issues. This entails the development of contacts with individuals and institutions conducting research and work on issues of sustainability and environmental technology in the Americas. As part of this phase, a database containing information on firms, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), governmental institutions, and other participants in Latin America's environmental sector was developed and is continually being updated. In addition, FIU-HCET's efforts were geared toward determining environmental technological needs in different parts of the region and identifying the most significant and lucrative markets. The project requires that FIU-HCET continually cement those contacts already established, continue updating the database to be made available to external users, and identify U.S. companies with the necessary expertise to participate in the Latin American and Caribbean markets. To aid in this endeavor, comprehensive, country-specific studies of the market for environmental goods and services are drafted and published by FIU-HCET. FIU-HCET, with sponsorship from OST, will make new, innovative, and more cost-effective technologies available for transfer throughout the Western Hemisphere. Environmental/energy technology development projects encompass the range of problems experienced by LACN. This includes mixed waste characterization and treatment, soils …
Date:
January 1, 1999
Creator:
M.A. Ebadian, Ph.D
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library