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Beam tilt due to e/sup +/e/sup /minus// crossing at an angle (open access)

Beam tilt due to e/sup +/e/sup /minus// crossing at an angle

The problem of beam tilt caused by beam-beam crossing at an angle has been treated by B. Richter and D. Ritson. An electron at a longitudinal position z relative to the center of the bunch experiences on the average a transverse kick proportional to z from the on-coming bunch. This kick produces a closed orbit for the electron being considered. The closed orbit is different for electrons with different values of z. Consequently, the beam will become tilted relative to its direction of motion. On the other hand, there is a longitudinal kick proportional to z of the particle due to both the rf focusing and the beams crossing at an angle. This longitudinal kick will cause the particle's energy to change and the energy change will, in turn, change the particle's z in the next revolution. It is, therefore, clear that a complete treatment of this problem should take the synchrotron oscillation, as well as the transverse betatron oscillation, into account. We will assume in a later calculation that the longitudinal defocusing effect due to beam-beam crossing at an angle is a dominated by the focusing effect provided by the rf cavities. The present note is to recalculate this …
Date: May 1, 1978
Creator: Chao, A. W. & Morton, P. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal Energy Geopressure Subprogram: DOE Lafourche Crossing No. 1, Terrebonne Parish and Lafourche Parish, Louisiana: Environmental assessment (open access)

Geothermal Energy Geopressure Subprogram: DOE Lafourche Crossing No. 1, Terrebonne Parish and Lafourche Parish, Louisiana: Environmental assessment

The proposed action will consist of drilling one geothermal fluid well for intermittent production testing of 284 days over a three year period. Two disposal wells will initially be drilled to provide disposal of lower volume fluids produced during initial testing. Two additional disposal wells will be drilled, logged, completed, tested, and operated prior to commencement of high volume fluid production. Construction of the proposed action will change the land-use of 2 ha (5 ac) for the test well and each of the injection wells from agriculture or wetlands to resource exploration. Lands will be cleared and erosion and runoff will result. During operation of the well test, the only expected impacts are from venting of gases or flaring of gases and noise. After the tests are completed, the area will be restored as much as possible to its natural condition by revegetation programs using nature species. All sources of pollutants will be collected and disposed in environmentally acceptable ways. Accidents may result from this proposed action.
Date: October 1, 1978
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Crossing the colorline: three decades of the United Packinghouse Workers of America's crusade against racism in the Trans-Mississippi West, 1936-1968 (open access)

Crossing the colorline: three decades of the United Packinghouse Workers of America's crusade against racism in the Trans-Mississippi West, 1936-1968

This study examines the role of southern black union workers in the struggle against racism in the United Packinghouse Workers America's activities in the Trans Mississippi region of Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, New Mexico and south Kansas.
Date: August 1978
Creator: Adedeji, Moses
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Monitoring crustal deformation in The Geysers-Clear Lake geothermal area, California (open access)

Monitoring crustal deformation in The Geysers-Clear Lake geothermal area, California

Geodetic surveys since 1972-1973 reveal significant crustal deformation in The Geysers-Clear Lake region. Resurveys of precise control networks are measuring both vertical and horizontal ground movement, with most of the change continuing in the area of geothermal fluid withdrawal. Preliminary evidence suggests right-lateral horizontal movement on northwest-trending fault systems and vertical and horizontal compression of the deep geothermal reservoir system. A direct correlaton is suggested between ground-surface deformation and subsurface pressure changes in the reservoir system. Although surface changes appear too small to be of environmental concern in The Geysers-Clear Lake region, they indicate hydrodynamic changes in the reservoir of significant import.
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Lofgren, B.E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Seismic Refraction Investigation of the Salton Sea Geothermal Area, Imperial Valley, California (open access)

Seismic Refraction Investigation of the Salton Sea Geothermal Area, Imperial Valley, California

Seven seismic refraction profiles and four long-distance refraction shots have been used to investigate the Salton Sea geothermal area. From these data, two models of the geothermal and adjacent area are proposed. Model 1 proposes a basement high within the geothermal area trending parallel to the axis of the Imperial Valley. Model 2 assumes a horizontal basement in the E-W direction, and proposes a seismic velocity gradient that increases the apparent basement velocity from east to west approximately 15% within the geothermal area. Both models propose basement dip of 3 degrees to the south, yielding a thickness of sediments of 6.6 km near Brawley, California, in the center of the Imperial Valley. Based on offsets inferred in the sedimentary seismic layers of the geothermal area, two NW-SE trending fault zones are proposed.
Date: December 1, 1978
Creator: Frith, R. B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal Resource and Reservoir Investigations of U. S. Bureau of Reclamation Leaseholds at East Mesa, Imperial Valley, California (open access)

Geothermal Resource and Reservoir Investigations of U. S. Bureau of Reclamation Leaseholds at East Mesa, Imperial Valley, California

The study included five parts: geology, seismicity, well testing, reservoir simulation, and geochemistry. Included in appendices are: production test data and discussion, interference tests, production tests in the northern portion of the East Mesa KGRA, conversion tables, chemical analysis of fluids from East Mesa wells, and results of laboratory studies of scale samples taken from the vertical tube evaporator. (MHR)
Date: October 1, 1978
Creator: Howard, J.; Apps, J. A. & Benson, S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Additional studies of geothermal district heating for Mammoth Lakes Village, California. Final report, October 1977--March 1978 (open access)

Additional studies of geothermal district heating for Mammoth Lakes Village, California. Final report, October 1977--March 1978

A field survey of three heating uses: snow melting, jacuzzi pool heating, and swimming pool heating in Mammoth was undertaken. Based on the results, monthly heating capacity factors were calculated and rough designs were prepared for hydronic district heating for each system. Capital cost estimates were prepared for snow melting, jacuzzi pool heating and swimming pool heating systems using LPG and geothermal district heating. It was determined that incorporation of the three additional heating uses in the District Heating System previously defined would require a capacity increase from 52 MWt to 60 MWt to meet peak demands. Energy sales would increase by about 40 percent to 127 million kwh(t) per year. The unit cost for delivered heat at 1977 price levels would decrease from 4.26 cents to 3.22 cents/kwh(t) for an investor owned District Heating System, or from 2.89 cents to 2.24 cents/kwh(t) for public ownership. The total heating costs, including annual costs of customer's heating equipment for a typical building in the Village with district heating, were compared with costs to heat the same building with electricity. The total annual costs for snow melting, jacuzzi heating and swimming pool heating using a 60 MWt District Heating System were compared …
Date: March 30, 1978
Creator: Sims, A. V. & Racine, W. C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ground-Water Conditions in the Eureka Area, Humboldt County, California, 1975 (open access)

Ground-Water Conditions in the Eureka Area, Humboldt County, California, 1975

This report examines water quality, levels, and use for groundwater in the Eureka Area, Humboldt County, California. It includes maps, graphs, and other figures.
Date: December 1978
Creator: Johnson, Michael J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance Basic Data Report for Kingman NTMS Quadrangle, Arizona, California, and Nevada: Data Tables

Data tables containing results of nuetron activation analysis of uranium and trace elements, and other measurements made througout the hydrochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance of the Kingman quadrangle.
Date: July 1978
Creator: Qualheim, B. J.
Object Type: Dataset
System: The UNT Digital Library

Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance Basic Data Report for Las Vegas NTMS Quadrangle, Arizona, California, and Nevada: Data Tables

Data tables containing results of nuetron activation analyses special chemistry, and emission spectra analyses made througout the hydrochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance of the Las Vegas quadrangle.
Date: July 1978
Creator: Qualheim, B. J.
Object Type: Dataset
System: The UNT Digital Library
Direct use applications of geothermal resources at Desert Hot Springs, California. Final report, May 23, 1977--July 31, 1978. Volume II: appendixes (open access)

Direct use applications of geothermal resources at Desert Hot Springs, California. Final report, May 23, 1977--July 31, 1978. Volume II: appendixes

The following appendixes are included: Desert Hot Springs (DHS) Geothermal Project Advisory Board, Geothermal Citizens Advisory Committee, community needs assessment, geothermal resource characterization, a detailed discussion of the geothermal applications considered for DHS, space/water heating, agricultural operations, detailed analysis of a geothermal aquaculture facility, detailed discussion of proposed energy cascading systems for DHS, regulatory requirements, environmental impact assessment, resource management plan, and geothermal resources property rights and powers of cities to regulate indigenous geothermal resources and to finance construction of facilities for utilization of such resources. (MHR)
Date: July 1978
Creator: Christiansen, C. C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Proceedings of the 1978 Symposium on Instrumentation and Control for Fossil Demonstration Plants : June 19-21, 1978, Newport Beach Marriott, Newport Beach, California (open access)

Proceedings of the 1978 Symposium on Instrumentation and Control for Fossil Demonstration Plants : June 19-21, 1978, Newport Beach Marriott, Newport Beach, California

This conference covers various aspects of fossil-fuel power plants based on coal or coal-conversion products, as well as the process control equipment involved in the conversion or combustion processes.
Date: June 1978
Creator: Argonne National Laboratory
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Water for long-term geothermal enegy production in the Imperial Valley (open access)

Water for long-term geothermal enegy production in the Imperial Valley

The geothermal resources of California's Imperial Valley have the potential for the production of an estimated 3000 to 5000 MW/yr of electricity for 30 yr, provided that adeuqate cooling water is available for power plants. There are five possible sources of cooling water: irrigation water, waste waters from agriculture, steam condensate, ground water, and water from the Salton Sea. Technical, environmental, and regulatory constraints, however, could limit the availability of the water supplies. Of particular concern are the constraints that could be imposed if different water policies were implemented. To study how future policies could affect geothermal development, six combinations of various policies were defined to represent potential regulatory controls. A range of future water balances in the valley was also specified. The water balances plus the six policy combinations were used to determine whether deficits of cooling water would eventually constrain low, medium, or high levels of geothermal energy production. A companion analysis of changes in the elevation and salinity of the Salton Sea resulting from the use of agricultural waters for cooling was also made.
Date: September 22, 1978
Creator: Layton, D. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Measurements of insolation variation over a solar collector field (open access)

Measurements of insolation variation over a solar collector field

The experiment described in this report makes observations to determine the direct insolation every 16 sec at corners of a quadrilateral approximately 600 meters in size located near Barstow, California. This size approximates the collector field of the solar power plant to be built near Barstow. Data from the first three months of operation of this experiment indicate cloudy conditions, capable of affecting the operation of a solar power plant, occurred during 15% of the daylight hours of some months. Patterns of insolation variation over the experiment area indicate shadows often exist with dimensions less than the projected size of the collection field for the 10 MW/sub e/ solar thermal power plant. Detailed statistical summaries of four partly cloudy events are included. Rates of insolation change on an individual sensor greater than or equal to 30 Wm/sup -2/ sec/sup -1/ have been observed, but these rate measurements have probably been limited by the response time of the experimental system. Spatial averaging of the measured insolation over the sensor field lowers the rate of insolation change.
Date: December 30, 1978
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Seismic and geologic investigations of the Sandia Livermore Laboratory site and structural investigations of the Tritium Research Facility (open access)

Seismic and geologic investigations of the Sandia Livermore Laboratory site and structural investigations of the Tritium Research Facility

This report consists of two parts. Part I, Seismic and Geologic Investigations of the Sandia Livermore Laboratory Site, covers the review and investigation of existing data as well as the acquisition and analysis of new data from field explorations and field examinations of the site. Part II, Structural Investigations of the Tritium Research Facility, covers: (a) the structural evaluation of the existing buildings and vital systems of the facility, and (b) concept studies of various schemes to strengthen the buildings and systems. Separate abstracts were prepared for each part.
Date: September 1, 1978
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Areas of ground subsidence due to geofluid withdrawal (open access)

Areas of ground subsidence due to geofluid withdrawal

Detailed information is provided on four geothermal areas with histories of subsidence. These were selected on the basis of: physical relevance of subsidence areas to high priority US geothermal sites in terms of withdrawn geofluid type, reservoir depth, reservoir geology and rock characteristics, and overburden characteristics; and data completeness, quality, and availability. The four areas are: Chocolate Bayou, Raft River Valley, Wairakei, and the Geysers. (MHR)
Date: August 1, 1978
Creator: Grimsrud, G. P.; Turner, B. L. & Frame, P. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary assessment of nuclear energy centers and energy systems complexes in the western United States. Final report (open access)

Preliminary assessment of nuclear energy centers and energy systems complexes in the western United States. Final report

The Nuclear Energy Center siting opportunities in the eleven western states have been systematically examined. The study area has been divided into 10-mile by 10-mile grid cells, and each cell has been evaluated in terms of overall suitability and site-related costs. Composite suitability consists of a weighted sum of ten important nuclear power plant siting issues; the particular weights used for this study were decided by a Delphi session of twenty individuals with energy facility siting expertise, with at least one representative from each of the eleven western states. Site-related costs consist of the additional expenditures required for seismic hardening (in seismically active areas), electric power transmission lines (for sites significantly far from load centers), and wet/dry cooling system costs (limited water availability and/or high summer temperatures).
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Gottlieb, P.; Robinson, J. H. & Smith, D. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Prospects for electric cars: electric vehicle impact assessment study. Final report, 15 December 1975--30 April 1978 (open access)

Prospects for electric cars: electric vehicle impact assessment study. Final report, 15 December 1975--30 April 1978

The characteristics of future electric cars were projected by means of parametric models of weight, cost, and performance. They included urban ranges as much as two to four times those of recent electric cars: up to 150 km for improved lead-acid batteries, 250 km for nickel-zinc batteries, and 450 km for lithium-sulfur batteries. From data tapes of major travel surveys in Los Angeles and Washington, these ranges were found to be sufficient for most needs of all three major groups of drivers: secondary and primary drivers at multi-driper households, and drivers at one-driver households. Even with the longest design ranges, however, the electric cars would be incapable of occasional long trips now made by conventional cars, and only at the shortest design ranges would they be competitive in cost. Through modeling of supply and demand for over 200 U.S. utilities it was projected that, by the year 2000, almost 60% of US cars could be electrified, only 17% of the recharging power would come from petroleum. Modeling of air pollutant emissions for 24 large urban regions showed that electrification of all cars would reduce regional hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions by roughly half, but increase sulfur oxide emissions some 20%. …
Date: November 1, 1978
Creator: Hamilton, W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Optical timing receiver for the NASA Spaceborne Ranging System. Part I. Dual peak-sensing timing discriminator (open access)

Optical timing receiver for the NASA Spaceborne Ranging System. Part I. Dual peak-sensing timing discriminator

Position-resolution capabilities of the NASA Spaceborne Laser Ranging System are essentially determined by the time-resolution capabilities of its optical timing receiver. The optical timing receiver consists of a fast photoelectric device; (e.g., photomultiplier or an avalanche photodiode detector), a timing discriminator, a high-precision event-timing digitizer, and a signal-processing system. The time-resolution capabilities of the receiver are determined by the photoelectron time spread of the photoelectric device, the time walk and resolution characteristics of the timing discriminator, and the resolution of the event-timing digitizer. It is thus necessary to evaluate available fast photoelectronic devices with respect to their time-resolution capabilities, to design a very low time walk timing discriminator and to develop a high-resolution event-timing digitizer which will be used in the high-resolution spaceborne laser ranging system receiver. The development of a new dual-peak sensing timing discriminator is described. The amplitude dependent time walk is less than +-150 psec for a 100:1 dynamic range of Gaussian-shaped input signals having pulse widths between 11 and 17 nsec. The unit produces 800 mV negative output pulses, each 10 nsec wide, and 3V positive pulses with widths of 15 nsec. The time delay through the discriminator is approximately 37 nsec. In this discriminator the …
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Leskovar, B.; Lo, C.C. & Zizka, G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Site-specific analysis of geothermal development-data files of prospective sites. Vol. III (open access)

Site-specific analysis of geothermal development-data files of prospective sites. Vol. III

Development scenarios for 37 hydrothermal and geopressured prospects in the United States were analyzed. This third of three volumes presents site-specific data and sample development schedules for the first plant on line at each of the 37 prospects.
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Williams, F.; Cohen, A.; Pfundstein, R. & Pond, S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Self-start manual for direct use applications of geothermal resources (open access)

Self-start manual for direct use applications of geothermal resources

The process essential to resource assessment and acquisition, candidate application screening, community needs assessment, community acceptance testing, market assessment, regulation, environmental repoting and permitting, siting, technology status, and financing options are presented.
Date: July 1, 1978
Creator: Christiansen, C.C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Seismological investigations in geothermal regions (open access)

Seismological investigations in geothermal regions

Seismological methods, including studies of microearthquakes, P- and S-wave velocities and P-wave attenuation were investigated as tools for the exploration and delineation of geothermal resources. Seismograms from explosions and microearthquakes were examined for changes in frequency content and relative arrival times across a known geothermal area, The Geysers, California, and a potential geothermal region, Grass Valley, Nevada. Microearthquakes within the two regions were examined for evidence of spatial variations in radiated P- and S-waves. Additional information concerning Basin and Range structure was provided by regional refraction studies. Detailed structural analysis in Grass Valley was obtained by commercial reflection and refraction work. Heat flow modeling, consistent with structure inferred by seismological techniques, was used to discriminate between conductive and convective heat flow anomalies in Grass Valley. Concentrated observations in Grass Valley around Leach Hot Springs revealed moderate microearthquake activity on a trend crossing the southern end of the valley, with occasional swarms in the area of high heat flow (4 to 6 hfu) at the north end of the 1915 Pleasant Valley earthquake (mag = 7.5) fault trace. Studies in The Geysers steam field reveal significant velocity and attenuation anomalies associated with the production zone. It is concluded that with proper …
Date: May 1, 1978
Creator: Majer, E. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Collisions of halogen (/sup 2/P) and rare gas (/sup 1/S) atoms. [Differential cross sections, elastic model, coupling potential energy, L-S coupling, multiplets] (open access)

Collisions of halogen (/sup 2/P) and rare gas (/sup 1/S) atoms. [Differential cross sections, elastic model, coupling potential energy, L-S coupling, multiplets]

Differential cross sections I (THETA) at several collision energies measured in crossed molecular beam experiments are reported for several combinations of halogen atoms (/sup 2/P) scattered off rare gas-rare gas atoms (/sup 1/S/sub 0/), namely, F + Ne, F + Ar, F + Kr, F + Xe, C1 + Xe. The scattering is described by an elastic model appropriate to Hund's case c coupling. With the use of this model, the X 1/2, I 3/2, and II 1/2 interaction potential energy curves are derived by fitting calculated differential cross sections, based on analytic representations of the potentials, to the data. The F - Xe X 1/2 potential shows a significant bonding qualitatively different than for the other F-rare gases. The I 3/2 and II 1/2 potentials closely resemble the van der Waals interactions of the one electron richer ground state rare gas-rare gas systems. Coupled-channel scattering calculations are carried out for F + Ar, F + Xe, and C1 + Xe using the realistic potential curves derived earlier. The results justify the use of the elastic model, and give additional information on intramultiplet and intermultiplet transitions. The transitions are found to be governed by the crossing of the two ..cap …
Date: December 1, 1978
Creator: Becker, C. H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy transfer in anisotropic systems: A. Excitation migration in substitutionally disordered one-dimensional solids. B. The spectroscopy of molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces (open access)

Energy transfer in anisotropic systems: A. Excitation migration in substitutionally disordered one-dimensional solids. B. The spectroscopy of molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces

The energy and dynamics of excited states in a variety of anisotropic environments, including isotopically and chemically mixed crystals and molecular overlayers adsorbed on a nickel (111) surface, are investigated. The relationship between local and long-range structure and spectroscopic properties is explored. A theory for energy transfer in substitutionally disordered solids is presented. Explicit expressions for the ''diffusion'' coefficients and the energy partitioning ratios in binary systems are derived. Energy transfer between localized states is found to be facilitated by concurrent tunnelling and thermal promotion. Experimental results for triplet energy partitioning between mobile and stationary trap states as a function of mobile trap concentration in the ternary d/sub 2/-1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene--h/sub 2/-1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene--pyrazine system are analyzed. It is shown that both tunnelling and thermal detrapping contribute to triplet exciton mobility below 4.2 K. Singlet exciton migration makes an important contribution to trap equilibration before intersystem crossing to the triplet manifold. Spin coherence experiments are used to determine the energy level structure, physical geometry, and exciton dynamics of a series of impurity-induced traps in 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene. The uv spectra of pyrazine, pyridine, and naphthalene adsorbed on a nickel single crystal (111) surface are measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry at low temperatures. The excited electronic and vibronic …
Date: November 1, 1978
Creator: Zwemer, D. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library