Performance of an epic poem introduction

Performance of an introductory song from the epic of King Gaser Gyalpo of Lithang by Mr. Karma Wangdi.
Date: June 18, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Performance of an epic poem song

Performance of a song about royalty in Kongü from the epic of King Gaser Gyalpo of Lithang by Mr. Karma Wangdi.
Date: June 18, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Description of Dakpa riddles

Mrs. Humchung is one of the oldest people living in Thragom village. She says riddles were part of every mother's teaching to support children's thought processes and to teach them about common mistakes.
Date: June 8, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Description of Garpo appeasement rituals

Mr. Karma Wangdi describes the Bon ritual ceremonies used to appease Garpo, also known as Nepo. These involve raising and/or sacrificing a pig, depending on the patient.
Date: June 18, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Description of Mamo appeasement rituals

Mr. Karma Wangdi describes the Bon ritual ceremonies used to appease Mamo, the holder of all sickness. Three flags representing the father, mother, and son of Mamo are used to request forgiveness for any wrongdoing.
Date: June 18, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Description of Phoshing and Moshing appeasement rituals

Mr. Karma Wangdi describes the Bon ritual ceremonies used to appease the male spirit Phoshing and the female spirit Moshing. A smoke offering is made by mixing flour with dry meat, wine, and water.
Date: June 18, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Performance of Arpo ritual song

Before the Arpo rituals, Mr. Karma Wangdi performs a song about royalty in Kongü stating that his body and possessions (sword, helmet, belt, boots, body armor, bow, and arrow) belong to King Gaser Gyalpo.
Date: June 18, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Demonstration of astrological prediction and ritual

Mr. Karma Wangdi demonstrates astrology prediction and a ritual to heal from poisoning.
Date: June 18, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Description of Tshong Tshongma appeasement rituals and offerings

Mr. Karma Wangdi describes the Bon ritual ceremonies used to appease Tshong Tshongma. This is a very important deity in eastern Bhutan, especially to the people in its vicinity. People bow three times and give offerings. When someone is seriously ill near Tshong Tshongma, they would sacrifice an ox as an offering.
Date: June 18, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Performance of the lullaby 'Tou chabyo, uoi uoi'

Performance of the lullaby 'Tou chabyo, uoi uoi.'
Date: June 2023
Creator: Khaling, Mosyel Syelsaangthyel
System: The UNT Digital Library

Performance of the lullaby 'Tou chabyo, uoi uoi'

Performance of the lullaby 'Tou chabyo, uoi uoi.'
Date: June 2023
Creator: Khaling, Mosyel Syelsaangthyel
System: The UNT Digital Library

Description of farming practices in Thragom village

Mrs. Humchung is one of the oldest people living in Thragom village. She describes farming practices used for staple crops, such as corn, wheat, and buckwheat. She says the community would work on each other's farm on rotational bases, using manure made from a mixture of dry oak leaf and cow dung on the farmland to increase the yield.
Date: June 8, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Description of ritual cakes

Mrs. Humchung is one of the oldest people living in Thragom village. She describes ritual cakes. She says pond earth was used to make the wrathful ritual cake. Wheat flour was used to make a personal Yidam ritual cake. Only in rare cases was rice flour used. A helper of the Lama will come one day ahead of the ritual ceremony to make the cakes.
Date: June 8, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Description of Nak Chö rituals and animal sacrifice

Mrs. Humchung is one of the oldest people living in Thragom village. She describes Nak Chö rituals, explaining that all the ritual cakes were prepared, and only then a pig was killed. This was followed by encircling of ritual cakes with the intestines of the pig. The ritual was performed only once in Thragom. During other early ritual celebrations, it was done in the maternal home of the grandmother.
Date: June 8, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Description and demonstration of Kharam rituals

Lama Tshering and Chote Tshering discuss Kharam, a curse associated with gossip, and rituals performed to ward off the curse. It is considered dangerous to one's health. In Bönism, a lead master will mold a ritual cake and perform a ritual ceremony to ward off these spirits. He will slice the cake and foretell the ritual ceremonies that need to be performed.
Date: June 10, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Conversation about Kharam rituals

Chote Tshering and Lama Tshering, two respected lay monks, discuss Kharam, a curse associated with gossip, and rituals performed to ward off the curse. They say the Kharam ritual in Bön is quite amazing. They build a Kharam Shang (a wooden target made of Rhus Chinensis). They will place that target inside the house and shoot the arrow into it.
Date: June 10, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Description of Abi Phôding appeasement rituals

Mr. Karma Wangdi describes the Bon ritual ceremonies used to appease Abi Phôding. If someone suddenly has a hearing problem, they could have been cursed by Abi Phôding. To appease her, they put a ladle, an eggshell, and wine at the tri-junction, call her name three times, and ask her to give her ear.
Date: June 18, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Performance of the Arpo dance ritual, part 3

'Arpo' is a generic term for the naked dance ritual practiced in Chema village, Trashiyangtse, Bhutan. Mr. Karma Wangdi is well-known for his efforts to sustain these rituals in Chema village. In this recording, he is invoking the deities and asking them to be his guidance.
Date: June 19, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Description of traditional bamboo roofing

Mrs. Humchung is one of the oldest people living in Thragom village. She describes bamboo roofing, a common feature for all the houses in Thragom before people started having CGI roofing. In the past, youths would have to walk for around 5 hours to Yabrangtot where they get bamboo, and then travel back to Thragom. They would take a packed lunch for their trip, usually in winter.
Date: June 8, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Description of crops in Thragom village

Mrs. Humchung is one of the oldest people living in Thragom village. She describes growing corn and other crops in Thragom village, explaining that corn was the staple diet in Thragom historically. In the past, they would plant during the month of April and harvest during late October to early November. They also plant soybeans, pumpkin, and cucumbers in the maize field. She says that monkeys are the main animals that destroy corn and other crops.
Date: June 8, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Description of millet in Thragom village

Mrs. Humchung is one of the oldest people living in Thragom village. She says that, of all the farming works, the plantation of millet was most sought after. Millet seeds were planted before the arrival of the magpie in the village, and planting millet after the arrival of the magpie was considered late and generally wouldn’t have a good yield. During millet plantation, the workers would share fermented wine using a big ox horn.
Date: June 8, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Personal narrative about visiting the Dalai Lama

Mrs. Humchung is one of the oldest people living in Thragom village. She describes a visit to the Dalai Lama. She says the first visit to see His Holiness in Tawang was quite long. They stayed around a month and a half in Tawang at a relative's house. While waiting for His Holiness, they helped in their fields, took care of house chores, and got wood from the forest.
Date: June 8, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Conversation about Bön and Buddhism

Cheten Tshering and Lama Tshering discuss how Bön considers Guru Rinpoche, using informal language when talking about him. They discuss why eggs are offered in Bön, why pork is forbidden, and the instruments used in Bön traditions. They say that, to fulfill wishes, it is best to pay homage, but for ultimate enlightenment, one must practice Buddhism.
Date: June 10, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library

Conversation about Kha Bön rituals

Lama Tshering and Chote Tshering discuss the recent increase in the practice of Kha Bön, where people are appeasing the malicious spirit without formal training. They are seen offering flour mixed with meat, fermented sometimes without meat, and fermented wine to appease spirits that affect us. They say some even perform Bön Nag, where animal sacrifices are required.
Date: June 10, 2022
Creator: Tshewang, Tashi
System: The UNT Digital Library