Performance of an introductory song from the epic of King Gaser Gyalpo of Lithang by Mr. Karma Wangdi.

Performance of a song about royalty in Kongü from the epic of King Gaser Gyalpo of Lithang by Mr. Karma Wangdi.

Mr. Karma Wangdi describes the Bon ritual ceremonies used to appease Garpo, also known as Nepo. These involve raising and/or sacrificing a pig, depending on the patient.

Mrs. Humchung is one of the oldest people living in Thragom village. She says riddles were part of every mother's teaching to support children's thought processes and to teach them about common mistakes.

Before the Arpo rituals, Mr. Karma Wangdi performs a song about royalty in Kongü stating that his body and possessions (sword, helmet, belt, boots, body armor, bow, and arrow) belong to King Gaser Gyalpo.

Mr. Karma Wangdi describes the Bon ritual ceremonies used to appease Mamo, the holder of all sickness. Three flags representing the father, mother, and son of Mamo are used to request forgiveness for any wrongdoing.

Mr. Karma Wangdi describes the Bon ritual ceremonies used to appease the male spirit Phoshing and the female spirit Moshing. A smoke offering is made by mixing flour with dry meat, wine, and water.

Mr. Tshering describes how to cure a serious patient using various rituals including preparing an elaborate feast, offering jewelry, and dressing as ransom to get back the soul of the patient.

Mr. Tshering introduces himself and explains how long he has been performing rituals, the cause of various diseases, and remedies for stomach aches. He also talks about his marriage life and resettlement.

Mr. Karma Wangdi demonstrates astrology prediction and a ritual to heal from poisoning.

The speaker describes the Nak Chö ritual practiced by their ancestors on the maternal side. They raise a pig for a year in the name of their parental deity. When the time for the ritual comes, they carry the pig to Kudung village in Tawang district, Arunachal Pradesh, India and sacrifice it. They stopped practicing the pig sacrifice ritual when their grandmother pass away.

Mr. Karma Wangdi describes the Bon ritual ceremonies used to appease Abi Phôding. If someone suddenly has a hearing problem, they could have been cursed by Abi Phôding. To appease her, they put a ladle, an eggshell, and wine at the tri-junction, call her name three times, and ask her to give her ear.

Mr. Karma Wangdi describes the Bon ritual ceremonies used to appease Tshong Tshongma. This is a very important deity in eastern Bhutan, especially to the people in its vicinity. People bow three times and give offerings. When someone is seriously ill near Tshong Tshongma, they would sacrifice an ox as an offering.

Mrs. Humchung is one of the oldest people living in Thragom village. She describes farming practices used for staple crops, such as corn, wheat, and buckwheat. She says the community would work on each other's farm on rotational bases, using manure made from a mixture of dry oak leaf and cow dung on the farmland to increase the yield.

Mrs. Humchung is one of the oldest people living in Thragom village. She describes ritual cakes. She says pond earth was used to make the wrathful ritual cake. Wheat flour was used to make a personal Yidam ritual cake. Only in rare cases was rice flour used. A helper of the Lama will come one day ahead of the ritual ceremony to make the cakes.

Mrs. Humchung is one of the oldest people living in Thragom village. She describes Nak Chö rituals, explaining that all the ritual cakes were prepared, and only then a pig was killed. This was followed by encircling of ritual cakes with the intestines of the pig. The ritual was performed only once in Thragom. During other early ritual celebrations, it was done in the maternal home of the grandmother.

Lama Tshering and Chote Tshering discuss Kharam, a curse associated with gossip, and rituals performed to ward off the curse. It is considered dangerous to one's health. In Bönism, a lead master will mold a ritual cake and perform a ritual ceremony to ward off these spirits. He will slice the cake and foretell the ritual ceremonies that need to be performed.

'Arpo' is a generic term for the naked dance ritual practiced in Chema village, Trashiyangtse, Bhutan. Mr. Karma Wangdi is well-known for his efforts to sustain these rituals in Chema village. In this recording, he is asking the divine being to fulfill his wishes: "May I have the best of everything?"

'Arpo' is a generic term for the naked dance ritual practiced in Chema village, Trashiyangtse, Bhutan. Mr. Karma Wangdi is well-known for his efforts to sustain these rituals in Chema village. In this recording, he performs the first stanza of naked dance which describes the origin of Arpo.

'Arpo' is a generic term for the naked dance ritual practiced in Chema village, Trashiyangtse, Bhutan. Mr. Karma Wangdi is well-known for his efforts to sustain these rituals in Chema village. In this recording, the dancers praise the assembly of the monk at the monastery for their service and the serpent world for granting jewels.

'Arpo' is a generic term for the naked dance ritual practiced in Chema village, Trashiyangtse, Bhutan. Mr. Karma Wangdi is well-known for his efforts to sustain these rituals in Chema village. In this recording, he is invoking the deities and asking them to be his guidance.

Mr. Tshering describes how to appease spirits and ghosts with wine, water, and smoke. He uses the count of the rosary to determine remedies for sickness. During the process, he recites the Buddha mantra.

Tashi Dorji describes how residents of Dukti village appease the local deities for taking care of their crops when the mountain roads are closed for four months every year. During this time, they offer feasts and fermented wine to the local deities once a month. He explans that the wine for the appeasement and Tshok for the deity is collected as a community tax. Recorded at Dukti Gup Sonam's house in Dukti village.

Dorji and Tashi Dorji, residents of Dukti village, discuss rituals related to the Jomo. They explain that, before the Jomo enters into a trance, she wears a five crown cap and has fruits and other foods as her feast offering. Then, the Jomo starts her ritual. It is believed that, wherever the Jomo takes her next birth, she will be born into a rich family.