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Spanish Relations with the Apache Nations East of the Río Grande (open access)

Spanish Relations with the Apache Nations East of the Río Grande

This dissertation is a study of the Eastern Apache nations and their struggle to survive with their culture intact against numerous enemies intent on destroying them. It is a synthesis of published secondary and primary materials, supported with archival materials, primarily from the Béxar Archives. The Apaches living on the plains have suffered from a lack of a good comprehensive study, even though they played an important role in hindering Spanish expansion in the American Southwest. When the Spanish first encountered the Apaches they were living peacefully on the plains, although they occasionally raided nearby tribes. When the Spanish began settling in the Southwest they changed the dynamics of the region by introducing horses. The Apaches quickly adopted the animals into their culture and used them to dominate their neighbors. Apache power declined in the eighteenth century when their Caddoan enemies acquired guns from the French, and the powerful Comanches gained access to horses and began invading northern Apache territory. Surrounded by enemies, the Apaches increasingly turned to the Spanish for aid and protection rather than trade. The Spanish-Apache peace was fraught with problems. The Spaniards tended to lump all Apaches into one group even though, in reality, each band …
Date: May 2001
Creator: Carlisle, Jeffrey D.
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library

Selected Songs for Chamber Winds and Soprano: Rediscovering a Forgotten Repertoire of John Philip Sousa

Access: Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
For over one hundred years, the music-going public has reflected on the life and influence of America's “March King,” John Philip Sousa. His popularity as a bandleader was unprecedented, and his reputation as an entertainer captivated the imagination and intrigue of a nation. Sousa's fame was attained through the high standards showcased by his unparalleled concert organization, the Sousa Band. He is interminably linked to the march, and for his seventy-seven years he proved to be its prolific and outspoken champion. Sousa's songs, however, were among his favorite works, and their presence on concert programs reinforced a variety of programming that was the hallmark of his success. The Sousa Band served as a cultural and musical ambassador, and annual transcontinental tours brought music to people where they lived. Sousa's songs were highly anticipated concert features, and were presented by soprano soloists known as the “Ladies in White.” A chamber winds instrumentation, rather than employment of the full-forces of the Sousa Band, allowed for an appropriate musical balance between instruments and voice. The “Forgotten Songs of John Philip Sousa Project” involved the research, editing, and performance of songs housed in the Sousa Archives for Band Research at the University of Illinois. …
Date: December 2001
Creator: Hemberger, Glen J.
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Moisture Distribution and Flow During Drying of Wood and Fiber (open access)

Moisture Distribution and Flow During Drying of Wood and Fiber

New understanding, theories, and techniques for moisture flow and distribution were developed in this research on wood and wood fiber. Improved understanding of the mechanisms of flake drying has been provided. Observations of flake drying and drying rate curves revealed that rate of moisture loss consisted of two falling rate periods and no constant rate drying period was observed. Convective heat transfer controls the first period, and bound water diffusion controls the second period. Influence of lower drying temperatures on bending properties of wood flakes was investigated. Drying temperature was found to have a significant influence on bending stiffness and strength. A worksheet for calculation of the energy required to dry a single strandboard flake was developed but has not been tested in an industrial setting yet. A more complete understanding of anisotropic transverse shrinkage of wood is proposed based on test results and statistical analysis. A simplified mod el of a wood cell's cross-section was drawn for calculating differential transverse shrinkage. The model utilizes cell wall thickness and microfibrillar packing density and orientation. In spite of some phenomena of cell wall structure not yet understood completely, the results might explain anisotropic transverse shrinkage to a major extent. Boundary layer …
Date: December 28, 2001
Creator: Zink-Sharp, Audrey & Hanna, Robert B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
THREE DIMENSIONAL INTEGRATED CHARACTERIZATION AND ARCHIVING SYSTEM (3D-ICAS) (open access)

THREE DIMENSIONAL INTEGRATED CHARACTERIZATION AND ARCHIVING SYSTEM (3D-ICAS)

The overall objective of this project is to develop an integrated system that remotely characterizes, maps, and archives measurement data of hazardous decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) areas. The system will generate a detailed 3-dimensional topography of the area as well as real-time quantitative measurements of volatile organics and radionuclides. The system will analyze substrate materials consisting of concrete, asbestos, and transite. The system will permanently archive the data measurements for regulatory and data integrity documentation. Exposure limits, rest breaks, and donning and removal of protective garments generate waste in the form of contaminated protective garments and equipment. Survey times are increased and handling and transporting potentially hazardous materials incur additional costs. Off-site laboratory analysis is expensive and time-consuming, often necessitating delay of further activities until results are received. The Three Dimensional Integrated Characterization and Archiving System (3D-ICAS) has been developed to alleviate some of these problems. 3D-ICAS provides a flexible system for physical, chemical and nuclear measurements reduces costs and improves data quality. Operationally, 3D-ICAS performs real-time determinations of hazardous and toxic contamination. A prototype demonstration unit is available for use in early 2000. The tasks in this Phase included: (1) Mobility Platforms: Integrate hardware onto mobility platforms, upgrade surface …
Date: June 18, 2001
Creator: Jarvis, George
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Poc-Scale Testing of a Dry Triboelectrostatic Separator for Fine Coal Cleaning (open access)

Poc-Scale Testing of a Dry Triboelectrostatic Separator for Fine Coal Cleaning

Numerous advanced coal cleaning processes have been developed in recent years that are capable of substantially reducing both ash- and sulfur-forming minerals from coal. However, most of the processes involve fine grinding and use water as the cleaning medium; therefore, the clean coal products must be dewatered before they can be transported and burned. Unfortunately, dewatering fine coal is costly, which makes it difficult to deploy advanced coal cleaning processes for commercial applications. As a means of avoiding problems associated with the fine coal dewatering, the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) developed a dry coal cleaning process in which mineral matter is separated from coal without using water. In this process, pulverized coal is subjected to triboelectrification before being placed in an electric field for electrostatic separation. The triboelectrification is accomplished by passing a pulverized coal through an in-line mixer made of copper. Copper has a work function that lies between that of carbonaceous material (coal) and mineral matter. Thus, coal particles impinging on the copper wall lose electrons to the metal thereby acquiring positive charges, while mineral matter impinging on the wall gain electrons to acquire negative charges. The charged particles then pass through an electric field where they …
Date: April 30, 2001
Creator: Yoon, R. H.; Luttrell, G. H.; Yan, E. S. & Walters, A. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
By Air Power Alone: America's Strategic Air War in China, 1941-1945 (open access)

By Air Power Alone: America's Strategic Air War in China, 1941-1945

During World War II, the Army Air Force waged three strategic air offensives in and from China against Japan. At first, the Flying Tigers and 10th Air Force constituted the whole of American aid to China, but the effort soon expanded. Supported by Chiang Kai-shek, Claire Chennault and his 14th Air Force waged an anti-shipping campaign, to which the Japanese Imperial Army responded with Operation Ichigo and against which Joseph Stilwell accurately warned. 20th Bomber Command used B-29s to wage Operation Matterhorn, failed, and later conducted PACAID missions. 14th Air Force then waged a counterproductive transportation campaign as The Pacific War, also known as the Greater East Asian War, ended. Events in the China-Burma-India and China Theaters provide lessons in logistics, targeting, training, and air-ground cooperation that are applicable in the post-Cold War era.
Date: May 2001
Creator: Jahnke, Todd Eric
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Remembering Texas: Guidelines for Historical Research (open access)

Remembering Texas: Guidelines for Historical Research

This publication explains the criteria, research methods and documentation necessary to apply for an Official Texas Historical Marker or listing in the National Register of Historic Places, programs administered by the THC.
Date: September 2001
Creator: Texas Historical Commission
Object Type: Report
System: The Portal to Texas History
Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 271: Areas 25, 26, and 27 Septic Systems, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (Rev. 0, April 2001) (open access)

Corrective Action Investigation Plan for Corrective Action Unit 271: Areas 25, 26, and 27 Septic Systems, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (Rev. 0, April 2001)

This Corrective Action Investigation Plan contains the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Operations Office's approach to collect the data necessary to evaluate corrective action alternatives appropriate for the closure of Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 271 under the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Corrective Action Unit 271 consists of 15 Corrective Action Sites (CASs) including: thirteen Septic Systems (25-04-01, 25-04-03, 25-04-04, 25-04-08, 25-04-09, 25-04-10, 25-04-11, 26-04-01, 26-04-02, 26-05-03, 26-05-04, 26-05-05, and 27-05-02), one Contaminated Water Reservoir (26-03-01), and one Radioactive Leachfield (26-05-01). The CASs addressed by CAU 271 are located at Guard Station 500, the Reactor Control Point (RCP), Bare Reactor Experiment - Nevada Tower, and Engine Test State-1 (ETS-1) facilities in Area 25; the Port Gaston and Project Pluto facilities in Area 26; and the Baker Site in Area 27 of the Nevada Test Site. Between 1 958 and 1973, the RCP and ETS-1 facilities supported the development and testing of nuclear reactors for space propulsion as part of the Nuclear Rocket Development Station. The Project Pluto facilities supported nuclear reactor testing for use as a ramjet propulsion system between 1961 and 1964, followed by similar use for other projects through the early 1980s. The …
Date: April 9, 2001
Creator: U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Operations Office
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Vice Presidency: Evolution of the Modern Office, 1933-2001 (open access)

The Vice Presidency: Evolution of the Modern Office, 1933-2001

None
Date: February 13, 2001
Creator: Relyea, Harold C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Variability and Climate Change (open access)

Environmental Variability and Climate Change

The PAGES research community works toward improving our understanding of the Earth's changing environment. By placing current and future global changes in a long term perspective, they can be assessed relative to natural variability. Since the industrial revolution, the Earth System has become increasingly affected by human activities. Natural and human processes are woven into a complex tapestry of forcings, responses, feedbacks and consequences. Deciphering this complexity is essential as we plan for the future. Paleoenvironmental research is the only way to investigate Earth System processes that operate on timescales longer than the period of instrumental records.
Date: 2001
Creator: Past Global Changes (PAGES)
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
National Personnel Records Center: Plan Needed to Show How Timeliness Goal Will Be Achieved (open access)

National Personnel Records Center: Plan Needed to Show How Timeliness Goal Will Be Achieved

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The National Personnel Records Center (NPRC) is responsible for maintaining the official military personnel records of discharged members of the military services. Veterans frequently need their records for a variety of reasons, such as obtaining disability compensation, health benefits, GI bill education benefits, home loan guarantees, and burial in national cemeteries. However, access to these benefits has been hampered due to delays in obtaining documentation of their military service from NPRC. This report evaluates NPRC's timeliness in responding to veterans' requests for records. GAO reviewed (1) how long it took NPRC to answer veterans' requests for records and (2) whether the actions NPRC was taking would improve response time. GAO found that, in fiscal year 2000, NPRC took an average of 54 days to respond to written requests for records, answering about six percent of written requests within 10 working days. Actions NPRC was taking to respond more quickly were unlikely to significantly improve timeliness soon, and the prospects for meeting its fiscal year 2005 goal of answering 95 percent of requests within 10 working days were unclear."
Date: May 31, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Definition and List of Community Land Grants in New Mexico (Exposure Draft) (open access)

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Definition and List of Community Land Grants in New Mexico (Exposure Draft)

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, which formally ended the Mexican-American War, the United States assumed control over vast new territories, including much of what is now the state of New Mexico. The United States agreed to recognize ownership of property, including the ownership of land grants, in the ceded areas. Whether the United States carried out the provisions of the treaty, especially with regard to community land grants, has been a controversial issue for generations. Land grant documents contained no direct reference to "community land grants," nor do Spanish and Mexican laws define or use this term. GAO did find, however, that some grants refer to lands set aside for general communal use or for specific purposes, such as hunting, maintaining pastures, wood gathering, or watering. Scholars, the land grant literature, and popular terminology commonly use the phrase "community land grants" to denote land grants that set aside common lands for the use of the entire community. GAO used this broad definition to determine which Spanish and Mexican land grants could be identified as community land grants. GAO identified 152 community land grants …
Date: January 24, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Newsletter of the Texas Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Volume 27, Number 3, Fall 2001 (open access)

The Newsletter of the Texas Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Volume 27, Number 3, Fall 2001

Newsletter of the Texas Chapter of the American Fisheries Society containing information about the organization, membership, and field of aquaculture and ecosystem management.
Date: November 2001
Creator: American Fisheries Society. Texas Chapter.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
Executive and Independent Agency Publications: Where to Get Official Documents (open access)

Executive and Independent Agency Publications: Where to Get Official Documents

This is a directory of sources that congressional offices may use to obtain publications from the Executive Office of the President, the executive departments, and the independent agencies and commissions of the federal government. Also included is information on the Superintendent of Documents, the U.S. Government Printing Office, and the federal government’s printing policies; suggestions on what to do when a publication is out of print; and information on where copies of government publications may be obtained on the Internet. The information for each agency includes address, telephone number, fax number, and Internet e-mail address and Website, where available
Date: July 13, 2001
Creator: Campos, Jesus
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Texas Shores, Volume 34, Number 1, Spring 2001 (open access)

Texas Shores, Volume 34, Number 1, Spring 2001

Quarterly magazine of the Texas Sea Grant College Program discussing news, events, and other information related to the Texas marine environment.
Date: Spring 2001
Creator: Texas A & M University. Sea Grant College Program.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
Notes and Documents, Fall 2001 (open access)

Notes and Documents, Fall 2001

Notes and Documents column including a document honoring Louis H. Coleman, who was inducted into the annual Oklahoma Historians Hall of Fame in 2001. It also includes a document about the Garrison quilt, a quilt donated by the great-grandson of Stephen A. Lewis, the Union soldier who created it, and a document that provides a descriptive bibliography of secondary sources related to the Green Corn Rebellion.
Date: Autumn 2001
Creator: Armstrong, Connie G.; Winchester, Jean A. & Hanne, Daniel
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
For the Record, Summer 2001 (open access)

For the Record, Summer 2001

For the Record section including the minutes of the Quarterly Board Meeting of the Oklahoma Historical Society that was held on January 24, 2001.
Date: Summer 2001
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
From Lost Cause to Female Empowerment: The Texas Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1896-1966 (open access)

From Lost Cause to Female Empowerment: The Texas Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1896-1966

The Texas Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) organized in 1896 primarily to care for aging veterans and their families. In addition to this original goal, members attempted to reform Texas society by replacing the practices and values of their male peers with morals and behavior that UDC members considered characteristic of the antebellum South, such as self-sacrifice and obedience. Over time, the organization also came to function as a transition vehicle in enlarging and empowering white Texas women's lives. As time passed and more veterans died, the organization turned to constructing monuments to recognize and promote the values they associated with the Old South. In addition to celebrating the veteran, the Daughters created a constant source of charity for wives and widows through a Confederate Woman's Home. As the years went by, the organization turned to educating white children in the “truth of southern history,” a duty they eagerly embraced. The Texas UDC proved effective in meeting its primary goal, caring for aging veterans and their wives. The members' secondary goal, being cultural shapers, ultimately proved elusivenot because the Daughters failed to stress the morals they associated with the Old South but because Texans never embraced …
Date: August 2001
Creator: Stott, Kelly McMichael
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
DGS Newsletter, Volume 25, Number 9, November 2011 (open access)

DGS Newsletter, Volume 25, Number 9, November 2011

Newsletter of the Dallas Genealogical Society discussing membership, Society meetings, genealogical workshops and events, and other news of interest to members.
Date: November 2001
Creator: Dallas Genealogical Society
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Definition and List of Community Land Grants in New Mexico (open access)

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Definition and List of Community Land Grants in New Mexico

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Until the mid-nineteenth century, Spain made land grants to towns and individuals to promote development in the frontier lands that now constitute the American Southwest. Under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War, the United States agreed to recognize ownership of property of every kind in the ceded areas. Many people, including grantee heirs, scholars, and legal experts, still claim that the United States did not protect the property of Mexican-Americans and their descendants, particularly the common lands of community grants. Land grant documents contain no direct reference to "community land grants," nor do Spanish and Mexican laws define or use this term. GAO did find, however, that some grants refer to lands set aside for general communal use or for specific purposes, including hunting, pasture, wood gathering, or watering. Scholars, the land grant literature, and popular terminology commonly use the phrase "community land grants" to denote land grants that set aside common lands for the use of the entire community. GAO adopted this broad definition in determining which Spanish and Mexican land grants can be identified as community land grants. GAO identified …
Date: September 10, 2001
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
For the Record, Spring 2001 (open access)

For the Record, Spring 2001

For the Record section including minutes of the regular quarterly board meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society that was held on October 25, 2000.
Date: Spring 2001
Creator: Oklahoma Historical Society
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 104, July 2000 - April, 2001 (open access)

The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 104, July 2000 - April, 2001

The Texas State Historical Association Quarterly Report includes "Papers read at the meetings of the Association, and such other contributions as may be accepted by the Committee" (volume 1, number 1). These include historical sketches, biographical material, personal accounts, and other research. Index is located at the end of the volume starting on page 651.
Date: 2001
Creator: Texas State Historical Association
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
Panorama, Volume 18, Number 3, Fall 2001 (open access)

Panorama, Volume 18, Number 3, Fall 2001

Magazine of the International Association of Panoramic Photographers containing photographs taken by members as well as articles about related topics, personal ads and organizational updates, and advertising.
Date: Autumn 2001
Creator: International Association of Panoramic Photographers
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The UNT Digital Library
DGS Newsletter, Volume 25, Number 2, March 2001 (open access)

DGS Newsletter, Volume 25, Number 2, March 2001

Newsletter of the Dallas Genealogical Society discussing membership, Society meetings, genealogical workshops and events, and other news of interest to members.
Date: March 2001
Creator: Dallas Genealogical Society
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History