Notes and Documents column including a letter written by Joseph Thoburn, now kept in the Archives & Manuscripts Division of the Oklahoma Historical Society, about the origins of the Oklahoma state flag.

The Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility has been in routine operation since July 1982. Beams have been provided using both the tandem accelerator alone and a coupled mode in which the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron is used as an energy booster for tandem beams. The coupled mode has proved to be especially effective and has allowed us to provide a wide range of energetic beams for scheduled experiments. In this report we discuss our operational experience and recent development activities.

A stand-alone control and data acquisition system for pellet injectors has been designed and implemented to support pellet injector development at Oak Ridge Laboratory (ORNL) and to enable ORNL pellet injectors to be installed on various fusion experimental devices. The stand-alone system permits LOCAL operation of the injector from a nearby panel and REMOTE operation from the experiment control room. Major components of the system are (1) an Allen-Bradley PLC 2/30 programmable controller, (2) a VAX minicomputer, and (3) a CAMAC serial highway interface. The programmable logic controller (PLC) is used to perform all control functions of the injector. In LOCAL, the operator interface is provided by an intelligent panel system that has a keypad and pushbutton module programmed from the PLC. In REMOTE, the operator interfaces via a VAX-based color graphics display and uses a trackball and keyboard to issue commands. Communications between the remote and local controls and to the fusion experiment supervisory system are via the CAMAC highway. The VAX archives transient data from pellet shots and trend data acquired from the PLC. Details of the hardware and software design and the operation of the system are presented in this paper. 3 refs., 1 fig.

Article records the process of investing in the Oklahoma Central Railway and two figures whose names eventually inspired the names of towns on the railroad: Dutch banker Salomon Frederick Van Oss and railroad inspector Gerrit A. A. Middelburg. Augustus J. Veenendaal, Jr. includes primary source material in the form of reports and correspondence from the Dutch investors.

For the Record section including the minutes of the quarterly board meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society that was held on January 23, 1985. It also includes lists of new annual and life members from October 25, 1984 to January 23, 1985 and a list of donors who gave gifts to the OHS in the fourth quarter of 1984.

For the Record section including the minutes of the annual meeting of the Oklahoma Historical Society and the minutes of the quarterly board meeting of the Board of Directors of the OHS that was held on April 26, 1985. It also includes lists of new annual and life members from January 24 to April 26, 1985 and a list of donors who gave gifts to the OHS in the first quarter of 1985.

For the Record section including the minutes of the quarterly board meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society that was held on October 24, 1984. It also includes lists of new annual and life members from July 26 to October 24, 1984, and a list of donors who gave gifts to the OHS in the third quarter of 1984.

Article depicts the construction and history of the Cherokee National Female and Male Seminaries near Park Hill. Brad Agnew highlights accounts from educators, students, Indian agents, and the Cherokee administration to provide a more complete picture of the legacy and impact of these institutions.

Article follows the trail of Creek chief Opothleyahola in his fight against Confederate forces through military reports and oral records to determine the actual site of the civil war battle of Round Mountains, a location contested by researchers and historians.

For the Record section including the minutes of the quarterly board meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society that was held on July 24, 1985. It also includes lists of new annual and life members and a list of donors who gave gifts to the OHS in the second quarter of 1985.

Article discusses the Works Progress Administration Federal Music Project instituted as one of the relief programs of the New Deal to provide employment to struggling musicians during the Great Depression. Kenneth E. Hendrickson, Jr. investigates its success as well as the difficulties faced by Dean Richardson, Oklahoma state director of the program.

Aging hardware and software and increasing commitments by the Departments of Energy and Defense have led us to develop a new, expanded system to replace the existing Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) system. This distributed, computer-based, emergency response system is used by state and federal agencies to assess the environmental health hazards resulting from an accidental release of radioactive material into the atmosphere. Like its predecessor, the expanded system uses local meteorology (e.g., wind speed and wind direction), as well as terrain information, to simulate the transport and dispersion of the airborne material. The system also calculates deposition and dose and displays them graphically over base maps of the local geography for use by on-site authorities. This paper discusses the limitations of the existing ARAC system. It also discusses the components and functionality of the new system, the technical difficulties encountered and resolved in its design and implementation, and the software methodologies and tools employed in its development.

Article describes the legal career of Henry S. Johnston as an attorney for the Otoe-Missourias, representing members of the tribe in divorce cases, inheritance cases, and protection of their religious beliefs regarding peyotism. Although he had a contentious political career as governor of Oklahoma, his service to the Otoe-Missourias is the main focus of this article.

As a part of the siting methodology task for the DOE oil shale project the Los Alamos National Laboratory three-dimensional atmospheric models were used to assess potential environmental problems associated with future development of oil shale energy in Colorado. An area of 200 km x 200 km centered at Brush Creek, Colorado, where the ASCOT conducted extensive meteorological and tracer experiments in September/October 1984, was chosen as an initial simulation area. In this paper, preliminary simulations of the mean wind, turbulence, and nonreactive tracer transport are presented, where very little input data were available. Since data to compare with are not available, we discuss only qualitatively the model capability to produce: (1) complex airflow generated by differential heating and cooling over sloped surfaces; (2) strong diurnal variations in wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric turbulence; and (3) enhanced daytime ventilation in a valley. The hydrodynamic model used to compute wind and turbulence is reviewed in Section 2 where a brief description of boundary and initial conditions, and numerical procedures are also included. Examples of the computed wind and turbulence distribution are given in Section 3. A random-particle statistical diffusion model is used to simulate tracer transport and diffusion where the …

We report experiments on selective photoionization of atoms containing isomeric nuclei of /sup 197/Hg. Other isomer separation techniques and their limitations are discussed.

May 1983 marked the beginning of an intensive effort to both improve the operating reliability, and improve the performance of the TMX-U Diagnostic Computer System. At that time, the system was handling (acquiring, storing, processing, plotting, displaying, and archiving) about 3 million bytes (Mb) of data per shot, with a 15-minute cycle time between shots. In addition, the system was fairly fragile, with frequent (about 5 times/day) crashes, requiring re-booting. At the present time, the system reliably handles about 5 Mb of data per shot, with a 7-minute cycle time between shots. This improvement was accomplished by a combination of new hardware, rearranging existing hardware, and new or revised software. Hardware changes were made in two areas. First, the shared disks were rearranged into different domains to make more efficient use of locking features. Second, we purchased and installed a solid-state RAM disk emulator (8 megabytes) to provide extremely fast access to lists and files that must be accessed frequently. In the software area, we made improvements in several areas. Initial effort went into finding bugs and optimizing existing code. We developed a template so that we could produce efficient code from applications that had first been developed on a …

The repeating pneumatic hydrogen pellet injector, which was developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), has been installed and operated on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). The injector combines high-speed extruder and pneumatic acceleration technologies to propel frozen hydrogen isotope pellets repetitively at high speeds. The pellets are transported to the plasma in an injection line that also serves to minimize the gas loading on the torus; the injection line incorporates a fast shutter valve and two stages of guide tubes with intermediate vacuum pumping stations. A remote, stand-alone control and data acquisition system is used for injector and vacuum system operation. In early pellet fueling experiments on TFTR, the injector has been used to deliver deuterium pellets at speeds ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 km/s into plasma discharges. First, single large (nominal 4-mm-dia) pellets provided high densities in TFTR (1.8 x 10/sup 14/ cm/sup -3/ on axis); after conversion to smaller (nominal 2.7-mm-dia) pellets, up to five pellets were injected at 0.25-s intervals into a plasma discharge, giving a line-averaged density of 1 x 10/sup 14/ cm/sup -3/. Operating characteristics and performance of the injector in initial tests on TFTR are presented.

Three pellet injector designs developed by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are planned for the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) to reach the goal of a tritium pellet injector by 1988. These are the Repeating Pneumatic Injector (RPI), the Deuterium Pellet Injector (DPI) and the Tritium Pellet Injector (TPI). Each of the pellet injector designs have similar performance characteristics in that they deliver up to 4-mm-dia pellets at velocities up to 1500 m/s with a dsign goal to 2000 m/s. Similar techniques are utilized to freeze and extrude the pellet material. The injector systems incorporate three gun concepts which differ in the number of gun barrels and the method of forming and chambering the pellets. The RPI, a single barrel repeating design, has been operational on TFTR since April 1985. Fabrication and assembly are essentially complete for DPI, and TPI is presently on hold after completing about 80% of the design. The TFTR pellet injector program is described, and each of the injector systems is described briefly. Design details are discussed in other papers at this symposium.

The performance of a pre-prototype of the SLD Warm Iron Calorimeter (WIC) build with proportional tube cathode pad readout has been studied. The calorimeter was found to have an average resolution of 36.7 +- 0.2% for muons at 2.0, 5.0 and 10.5 GeV and 81 +- 2%/..sqrt..E for pion showers at 5.0 and 10.5 GeV. The mean energy found for the pion showers was consistent with a linear dependence on energy within these standard deviations. 4 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs.

Article describes the impact of public works programs created by the Civil Works Administration in the town of Shawnee as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal relief measures during the Great Depression.

Management options for three generic categories of radioactive mixed waste in commercial low-level wastes have been identified and evaluated. These wastes were characterized as part of a BNL study in which a large number of generators were surveyed for information on potentially hazardous low-level wastes. The general management targets adopted for mixed wastes are immobilization, destruction, and reclamation. It is possible that these targets may not be practical for some wastes, and for these, goals of stabilization or reduction of hazard are addressed. Solidification, absorption, incineration, acid digestion, segregation, and substitution have been considered for organic liquid wastes. Containment, segregation, and decontamination and re-use have been considered for lead metal wastes which have themselves been contaminated and are not used for purposes of waste disposal shielding, packaging, or containment. For chromium-containing wastes, solidification, incineration, containment, substitution, chemical reduction, and biological removal have been considered. For each of these wastes, the management option evaluation has necessarily included assessment/estimation of the effect of the treatment on both the radiological and potential chemical hazards present. 10 refs.

We describe a convenient interface between UNIX-based work-stations or minicomputers, and supercomputers such as the CRAY series machines. Using this interface, the user can issue commands entirely on the UNIX system, with remote compilation, loading and execution performed on the supercomputer. The interface is not a remote login interface. Rather the domain of various UNIX utilities such as compilers, archivers and loaders are extended to include the CRAY. The user need know essentially nothing about the CRAY operating system, commands or filename restrictions. Standard UNIX utilities will perform CRAY operations transparently. UNIX command names and arguments are mapped to corresponding CRAY equivalents, suitable options are selected as needed, UNIX directory tree filenames are coerced to allowable CRAY names and all source and output files are automatically transferred between the machines. The primary purpose of the software is to allow the programmer to benefit from the interactive features of UNIX systems including screen editors, software maintenance utilities such as make and SCCS and in general to avail of the large set of UNIX text manipulation features. The interface was designed particularly to support development of very large multi-file programs, possibly consisting of hundreds of files and hundreds of thousands of lines …

This paper is the first of a series which describes the Enrichment Diagnostic System (EDS) developed for the MARS project at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Although EDS was developed for use on AVLIS, the functional requirements, overall design, and specific techniques are applicable to any experimental data acquisition system involving large quantities of transient data. In particular this paper will discuss the techniques and equipment used to do the data acquisition. Included are what types of hardware are used and how that hardware (CAMAC, digital oscilloscopes) is interfaced to the HP computers. In this discussion the author will address the problems encountered and the solutions used, as well as the performance of the instrument/computer interfaces. The second topic the author will discuss is how the acquired data is associated to graphics and analysis portions of EDS through efficient real time data bases. This discussion will include how the acquired data is folded into the overall structure of EDS providing the user immediate access to raw and analyzed data. By example you will see how easily a new diagnostic can be added to the EDS structure without modifying the other parts of the system. 8 figs.

Article provides a biographical tribute to the life and career of Edith Force Kassing, an Oklahoma science teacher who pursued ornithological and herpetological research. Her former student, John S. Tomer, discusses her educational background as well as the types of specimen collections she exhibited.