Additional Letters of General Stand Watie (open access)

Additional Letters of General Stand Watie

Article adds additional context and letters to General Stand Watie's thoughts and experiences as an ally of the Confederacy during the Civil War, through his letters.
Date: Summer 1921
Creator: Dale, Edward Everett
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Agrarian Reform Press in Oklahoma, 1889-1922 (open access)

The Agrarian Reform Press in Oklahoma, 1889-1922

Article details the many farmers movements that took place throughout the Oklahoma Territory between 1889 and 1922.
Date: Spring 1972
Creator: Meredith, H. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Alexander McGillivray, Emperor of the Creeks (open access)

Alexander McGillivray, Emperor of the Creeks

Article documents the life of Alexander McGillivray, a leader of the Creek tribe who was well respected among the United States' governmental leaders.
Date: Spring 1929
Creator: Foreman, Carolyn Thomas, 1872-1967
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
All that Glitters, Assaying S. H. Logan's "Trip to the Gold Fields" (open access)

All that Glitters, Assaying S. H. Logan's "Trip to the Gold Fields"

Article provides a thorough examination of S.H. Logan's "Trip to the Gold Fields," an account allegedly compiled from the writings of an emigrant who had joined Captain Randolph B. Marcy on a gold-seeking expedition to California, which was published in the Arkansas Gazette in 1941. Since it has been cited as a primary source, Stephen H. Dew exposes certain areas of the account that may be fabricated in comparison to more factual and evidentiary sources.
Date: Autumn 1993
Creator: Dew, Stephen H.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"America, Love It or Leave It": Some Native American Initiatives to Move to Mexico, 1890-1940 (open access)

"America, Love It or Leave It": Some Native American Initiatives to Move to Mexico, 1890-1940

Article describes the emigration to Mexico initiative some Native American tribes in Oklahoma considered between 1890 and 1940. Steven Crum also describes the national government's response to these efforts and references the similarity of the 1960s phrase coined in the article's title.
Date: Winter 2001
Creator: Crum, Steven J.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
An Analysis of the Confederate Treaties with the Five Civilized Tribes (open access)

An Analysis of the Confederate Treaties with the Five Civilized Tribes

Article details how the Confederate States of America signed various treaties with The Five Civilized Tribes. The treaties stipulated that the tribes would fight for the Confederacy in exchange for their land rights.
Date: Winter 1972
Creator: Franks, Kenny A. (Kenny Arthur), 1945-
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"An anxiety to do right": The Life of Judge John Hazelton Cotteral, 1864-1933 (open access)

"An anxiety to do right": The Life of Judge John Hazelton Cotteral, 1864-1933

Article provides a portrait of John H. Cotteral, the first federal judge for the Western District of Oklahoma and the first Oklahoman to occupy the bench of the circuit court of appeals. The article explores both the man and the legal opinions he wrote throughout his forty-year career.
Date: Autumn 2000
Creator: Leitch, Kevin C.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Autobiography of Governor A. J. Seay (open access)

Autobiography of Governor A. J. Seay

Article is an excerpt from the autobiography of Governor A. J. Seay, the second governor of Oklahoma.
Date: Spring 1939
Creator: Peery, Dan W. & Seay, A. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Battle of Chustenahlah (open access)

The Battle of Chustenahlah

Article describes the events of the Battle of Chustenahlah, a battle waged between Confederate troops led by Colonel James McIntosh and Colonel D. H. Cooper and a Union faction of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation led by Opothleyohola near Hominy Creek in Osage County.
Date: Summer 1960
Creator: Shoemaker, Arthur
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Battle of Honey Springs (open access)

The Battle of Honey Springs

Article chronicles the events that transpired during the Battle of Honey Springs that was fought during the Civil War.
Date: Summer 1935
Creator: Freeman, Charles R.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Best City in the Best Country: Enid's Golden Ear, 1916-1941 (open access)

The Best City in the Best Country: Enid's Golden Ear, 1916-1941

Article explores the "golden era" of Enid, Oklahoma, exploring the factors that contributed to its rise as one of the most prosperous cities in the region, which included the construction of railroads and the impact of the oil industry.
Date: Summer 1998
Creator: Turner, Alvin O. & Gailey, Vicky L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Black Beaver (open access)

Black Beaver

Article chronicles the accomplishments and legacy of Black Beaver, member of the Delaware tribe who worked with the United States army as a guide during surveys.
Date: Autumn 1946
Creator: Foreman, Carolyn Thomas, 1872-1967
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
A Brief Excursion into Journalism (open access)

A Brief Excursion into Journalism

Article contains translations of The Choctaw and Chickasaw Observer, a newspaper handwritten and published in the Choctaw Nation during the Civil War.
Date: Winter 1973
Creator: Blaine, Martha Royce
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Butternut and Blue: Confederate Uniforms in the Trans-Mississippi (open access)

Butternut and Blue: Confederate Uniforms in the Trans-Mississippi

Article describes the issues faced by the Confederate Army when their government could not supply uniforms for the troops while they were in the field, contributing to their ragtag appearance. Whit Edwards dwells on some of the difficulties this caused, including the yellowed look of unlaundered uniforms creating the "butternut" nickname for troops.
Date: Winter 1995
Creator: Edwards, Whit
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Byron Norrell, Pioneer Editor (open access)

Byron Norrell, Pioneer Editor

Article chronicles the life and career of Byron Norrell, an editor for multiple newspapers published in the Oklahoma and Indian Territories.
Date: Autumn 1948
Creator: Porter, Cora Case
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Campus Cadets: A History of Collegiate Military Training, 1891-1951 (open access)

The Campus Cadets: A History of Collegiate Military Training, 1891-1951

Article describes the history of military instruction of cadets at Oklahoma State University from 1891 to 1951. Philip Reed Rulon discusses curriculum, uniforms, and postwar training before World War I and World War II.
Date: Spring 1979
Creator: Rulon, Philip Reed
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Captain David L. Payne: The Cimarron Scout (open access)

Captain David L. Payne: The Cimarron Scout

Article provides a biographical sketch of boomer leader Captain David L. Payne. Payne's relative, A. Suman Morris, constructs a picture of his career and personality through the recollections of those who knew him and through the recorded sayings of Payne himself.
Date: Spring 1964
Creator: Morris, Artemisia Suman
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Captain James E. Reynolds (open access)

Captain James E. Reynolds

Article discusses the life and career of Confederate veteran and pioneer of Indian Territory, Captain James E. Reynolds. Rosa Ayleene Nance discusses, his upbringing, eventual marriage, participation in the Civil War, and business pursuits on the frontier.
Date: Spring 1954
Creator: Nance, Rosa Aylecne
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Capture of the J. R. Williams (open access)

The Capture of the J. R. Williams

Article details the capture of the federal steamboat, J. R. Williams, and efforts by Confederate guerilla fighter Colonel Stand Watie to recapture the Arkansas River area for the South.
Date: Spring 1982
Creator: Lee, Keun Sang
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Centennial Legacy of the General Allotment Act (open access)

The Centennial Legacy of the General Allotment Act

Article describes the details of the General Allotment Act, also known as the Dawes Act of 1887, and its impact on history. This centennial explanation of the legislation illustrates the struggles Indian tribe members faced in negotiating land allotments and the bureaucrats who favored their assimilation.
Date: Autumn 1987
Creator: Gibson, Arrell M.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chapter II: Establishment of "Old" Miller County, Arkansas Territory (open access)

Chapter II: Establishment of "Old" Miller County, Arkansas Territory

Article continues to chronicle the history of Miller county within southeastern Oklahoma and the Miller county located within the Republic of Texas before they were both renamed.
Date: Summer 1940
Creator: Strickland, Rex W.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Cherokee Emigration: Reconstructing Reality (open access)

Cherokee Emigration: Reconstructing Reality

Article reconstructs the period of forced removal Cherokees experienced in the 1830s, including the bureaucratic process behind it, seizure of Cherokee property, embarkation camps, and the emigration itself. Due to the lack of consistency in historical record, Lathel F. Duffield examines a variety of sources, from the works of historians to the records of soldiers enacting the atrocities.
Date: Autumn 2002
Creator: Duffield, Lathel F.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Cherokee Indian Agents, 1830-1874 (open access)

Cherokee Indian Agents, 1830-1874

Article details the problems faced by Indian Affair agents who were charged with managing the Cherokee tribe, who split in two during resettlement, between the years 1830 and 1874.
Date: Winter 1972
Creator: Broemeling, Carol B.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Cherokee Planters, Black Slaves, and African Colonization (open access)

Cherokee Planters, Black Slaves, and African Colonization

Article describes the history of the American Colonization movement, repatriation of African Americans to Africa, and the history of plantation slavery in the Cherokee Nation. Theda Perdue explores the reasons behind the mass emigration and the struggles both enslaved and freed African Americans faced.
Date: Autumn 1960
Creator: Perdue, Theda
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History