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War Powers Litigation Initiated by Members of Congress Since the Enactment of the War Powers Resolution (open access)

War Powers Litigation Initiated by Members of Congress Since the Enactment of the War Powers Resolution

This report summarizes the eight cases initiated by Members of Congress in which final rulings were reached, which concerned U.S. military activities in El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Grenada; military action taken during the Persian Gulf conflict between Iraq and Iran; U.S. activities in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait (prior to the congressional authorization); U.S. participation in NATO's action in Kosovo and Yugoslavia; and U.S. military action in Libya.
Date: February 17, 2012
Creator: Garcia, Michael John
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Texas Adjutant General's Department Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2013-2017 (open access)

Texas Adjutant General's Department Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2013-2017

Agency strategic plan for the Texas Adjutant General's Department describing the organization's planned services, activities, and other goals during fiscal years 2013 through 2017.
Date: June 22, 2012
Creator: Texas. Adjutant General's Department.
Object Type: Report
System: The Portal to Texas History
War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance (open access)

War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance

Report that gives a summary of the usage of the War Powers Resolution (WPR) and various issues related to proposals to modify or repeal the resolution. The report summarizes most recent developments and background, and gives an overview of United Nations actions, and WPR activities in former Yugoslavia/Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq (post-1991), Haiti, and Somalia.
Date: August 30, 2012
Creator: Grimmett, Richard F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance (open access)

War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance

This report gives a summary of the usage of the War Powers Resolution (WPR) and various issues related to proposals to modify or repeal the resolution. The report summarizes the most recent developments and background, and gives an overview of United Nations actions, and WPR activities in former Yugoslavia/Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq (post-1991), Haiti, and Somalia. It also includes commentary on the instances formally reported under the WPR, the requirement for consultation with Congress, and the current issues which Congress is considering.
Date: September 25, 2012
Creator: Grimmett, Richard F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance (open access)

War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance

This report discusses two separate but closely-related issues regarding the introduction of U.S. armed forces abroad that conceivably could lead to their involvement in hostilities. One issue concerns the division of war powers between the President and Congress, whether the use of armed forces falls within the purview of the congressional power to declare war and the War Powers Resolution. The other issue is whether or not Congress concurs in the wisdom of the action. A longer-term issue is whether the War Powers Resolution is an appropriate and effective means of assuring congressional participation in actions that might get the United States involved in war.
Date: February 1, 2012
Creator: Grimmett, Richard F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics (open access)

American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics

This report provides information for war casualty statistics. It includes tables, compiled from sources at the Department of Defense (DOD), indicating the number of casualties among American military personnel serving in principal wars and combat actions.
Date: November 15, 2012
Creator: Leland, Anne
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Periods of War and Dates of Current Conflicts (open access)

U.S. Periods of War and Dates of Current Conflicts

This report lists the beginning and ending dates for "periods of war" found in Title 38 of the Code of Federal Regulations, dealing with the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). It also lists and differentiates other beginning dates given in declarations of war, as well as termination of hostilities dates and armistice and ending dates given in proclamations, laws, or treaties.
Date: December 28, 2012
Creator: Torreon, Barbara Salazar
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
From Associates to Antagonists: the United States, Great Britain, the First World War, and the Origins of War Plan Red, 1914-1919 (open access)

From Associates to Antagonists: the United States, Great Britain, the First World War, and the Origins of War Plan Red, 1914-1919

American military plans for a war with the British Empire, first discussed in 1919, have received varied treatment since their declassification. the most common theme among historians in their appraisals of WAR PLAN RED is that of an oddity. Lack of a detailed study of Anglo-American relations in the immediate post-First World War years makes a right understanding of the difficult relationship between the United States and Britain after the War problematic. As a result of divergent aims and policies, the United States and Great Britain did not find the diplomatic and social unity so many on both sides of the Atlantic aspired to during and immediately after the First World War. Instead, United States’ civil and military organizations came to see the British Empire as a fierce and potentially dangerous rival, worthy of suspicion, and planned accordingly. Less than a year after the end of the War, internal debates and notes discussed and circulated between the most influential members of the United States Government, coalesced around a premise that became the rationale for WAR PLAN RED. Ample evidence reveals that contrary to the common narrative of “Anglo-American” and “Atlanticist” historians of the past century, the First World War did …
Date: May 2012
Creator: Gleason, Mark C.
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
In Brief: Next Steps in the War in Afghanistan? Issues for Congress (open access)

In Brief: Next Steps in the War in Afghanistan? Issues for Congress

This report considers issues that may be of interest to Congress as it considers the strength and duration of further U.S. involvement in Afghanistan, to 2014 and beyond.
Date: December 6, 2012
Creator: Dale, Catherine
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The War Powers Resolution: After Thirty-Eight Years (open access)

The War Powers Resolution: After Thirty-Eight Years

Report that discusses and assesses the War Powers Resolution and its application since enactment in 1973, providing detailed background on various cases in which it was used, as well as cases in which issues of its applicability were raised.
Date: September 5, 2012
Creator: Grimmett, Richard F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
In Brief: Next Steps in the War in Afghanistan? Issues for Congress (open access)

In Brief: Next Steps in the War in Afghanistan? Issues for Congress

This short report considers issues that may be of interest to Congress as it considers the strength and duration of further U.S. involvement in Afghanistan, to 2014 and beyond.
Date: June 15, 2012
Creator: Dale, Catherine
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The War Powers Resolution: After Thirty-Eight Years (open access)

The War Powers Resolution: After Thirty-Eight Years

This report discusses and assesses the War Powers Resolution and its application since enactment in 1973, providing detailed background on various cases in which it was used, as well as cases in which issues of its applicability were raised. It will be revised biannually.
Date: September 24, 2012
Creator: Grimmett, Richard F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
"Surge Recovery" and Next Steps in the War in Afghanistan: In Brief (open access)

"Surge Recovery" and Next Steps in the War in Afghanistan: In Brief

This report draws in part on the author's recent three-week visit to Afghanistan, in November 2011, based on an invitation from the Commander of NATO's International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), General John Allen. It provides initial observations about surge recovery in broader operational and strategic context, and links those observations to current debates that may be of interest to Congress as it considers the strength and duration of further U.S. involvement in Afghanistan.
Date: January 6, 2012
Creator: Dale, Catherine
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Endogenous Information and Inter-state War Expansion (open access)

Endogenous Information and Inter-state War Expansion

Scholars have long debated the causes of late third party state joining in ongoing inter-state wars. This research has generally concluding that peace-time conditions, measured in terms of: third party capabilities; proximity to warring states; and inter-state alliances, are determining factors in the decision to join. However, these studies utilize theories derived from static pre-war measures of capabilities and motivation to explain late joining; indeed, the same measures that fail to predict participation at war's outset. Further, extant research has no explanation for why weak and non-proximate states every participate. Existing theory thus fails to provide a comprehensive explanation of joining behavior. This project contends that a resolution lies the interaction between pre-war conditions and intra-war events. Intra-war events that are allowed to vary on a per battle basis, including change in combat location and alliance entry and exit from combat, reveal new information about the war and its progress, thereby forcing third party states to recalculate their initial decision to abstain in relation to their pre-existing situation. Incorporation of intra-war processes helps to better explain decisions by third party states to join ongoing inter-state wars late in their development, and why states that frequently choose to abstain (e.g., weak …
Date: December 2012
Creator: Liebel, Steven R.
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Habitats and History, 2012 Summer Day Camp: San Jacinto Battleground/Battleship Texas SHS (open access)

Habitats and History, 2012 Summer Day Camp: San Jacinto Battleground/Battleship Texas SHS

Pamphlet on a summer camp exploring the San Jacinto battleground and the Battleship Texas. The camp schedule includes a tour of the battleground, a bike through a state park, activities on a battleship, archery, canoeing, fishing, and a party as the grand finale. Also provides registration information.
Date: January 2012
Creator: Texas. Parks and Wildlife Department.
Object Type: Pamphlet
System: The Portal to Texas History
U.S. Department of Energy Strategic Plan: 2011 (open access)

U.S. Department of Energy Strategic Plan: 2011

The mission of the Department of Energy is to ensure America's security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental, and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions. Goal 1 is to catalyze the timely, material, and efficient transformation of the nation's energy system and secure U.S. leadership in clean energy technologies. Goal 2 is to maintain a vibrant U.S. effort in science and engineering as a cornerstone of our economic prosperity with clear leadership in strategic areas. Goal 3 is to enhance nuclear security through defense, nonproliferation, and environmental efforts. Goal 4 is to establish an operational and adaptable framework that combines the best wisdom of all Department stakeholders to maximize mission success.
Date: February 2012
Creator: United States. Department of Energy.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Texas Department of Banking Annual Report: 2012 (open access)

Texas Department of Banking Annual Report: 2012

Annual report of the Texas Department of Banking describing goals, activities, and accomplishments during fiscal year 2012. Includes a special feature about the history of information technology use at the department from the 1930s to the present.
Date: Autumn 2012
Creator: Texas. Department of Banking.
Object Type: Report
System: The Portal to Texas History
No Greater Error: Negotiated Agreements and Their Effects on the Conclusion of Interstate War (open access)

No Greater Error: Negotiated Agreements and Their Effects on the Conclusion of Interstate War

Negotiated settlements, formal treaties to unilateral cease-fires, are often accepted to be the preferable method to end war. When negotiated agreements are used in the normal business of international politics they can be potentially helpful devices; however, when they are relied upon for a nation's security or war prevention and conclusion they can prove disastrous. It is the presence of force variables, and not the formality of an agreement which effectively concludes a war. I recategorize success of an agreement to not only mean failure of a return to war, but also whether the tenets of an agreement are actually followed. I utilize a modified version of Fortna's conflict dataset and run three separate logit analyses to test the effectiveness of settlements in a medium n quantitative analysis. If politicians and policy makers realize that it is not treaties that establish peace but the costs of war and military might then perhaps the world will be a more peaceful place.
Date: December 2012
Creator: Kendall, David F.
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Argei: Sex, War, and Crucifixion in Rome and the Ancient Near East (open access)

The Argei: Sex, War, and Crucifixion in Rome and the Ancient Near East

The purpose of the Roman Argei ceremony, during which the Vestal Virgins harvested made and paraded rush puppets only to throw them into the Tiber, is widely debated. Modern historians supply three main reasons for the purpose of the Argei: an agrarian act, a scapegoat, and finally as an offering averting deceased spirits or Lares. I suggest that the ceremony also related to war and the spectacle of displaying war casualties. I compare the ancient Near East and Rome and connect the element of war and husbandry and claim that the Argei paralleled the sacred marriage. in addition to an agricultural and purification rite, these rituals may have served as sympathetic magic for pre- and inter-war periods. As of yet, no author has proposed the Argei as a ceremony related to war. By looking at the Argei holistically I open the door for a new direction of inquiry on the Argei ceremony, fertility cults in the Near East and in Rome, and on the execution of war criminals.The Argei and new year’s sacred marriage both occurred during the initiation of campaign and spring planting and harvest season. Both in the ancient Near East and in Rome, animal victims were sacrificed …
Date: May 2012
Creator: Foust, Kristan Ewin
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Homeland Security Department: FY2012 Appropriations (open access)

Homeland Security Department: FY2012 Appropriations

This report describes the President's FY2012 request for funding for Department of Homeland Security programs and activities, as submitted to congress on February 6, 2011.
Date: February 21, 2012
Creator: Painter, William L. & Lake, Jennifer E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Department of Homeland Security: FY2013 Appropriations (open access)

Department of Homeland Security: FY2013 Appropriations

This report describes the FY2013 appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The Administration requested $39.510 billion in adjusted net discretionary budget authority for DHS for FY2013, as part of an overall budget of $59.501 billion (including fees, trust funds, and other funding that is not appropriated or does not score against the budget caps). The request amounts to a $90 million, or a 0.2%, decrease from the $39.600 billion enacted for FY2012 through the consolidated appropriations act (P.L. 112-174).
Date: October 1, 2012
Creator: Painter, William L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

Still the Arena of Civil War: Violence and Turmoil in Reconstruction Texas, 1865/1874

Access: Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
Following the Civil War, the United States was fully engaged in a bloody conflict with ex-Confederates, conservative Democrats, and members of organized terrorist groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan, for control of the southern states. Texas became one of the earliest battleground states in the War of Reconstruction. Throughout this era, white Texans claimed that Radical Republicans in Congress were attempting to dominate their state through “Negro-Carpetbag-Scalawag rule.” In response to these perceived threats, whites initiated a violent guerilla war that was designed to limit support for the Republican Party. They targeted loyal Unionists throughout the South, especially African Americans who represented the largest block of Republican voters in the region. Was the Reconstruction era in the Lone Star State simply a continuation of the Civil War? Evidence presented by sixteen contributors in this new anthology, edited by Kenneth W. Howell, argues that this indeed was the case. Topics include the role of the Freedmen’s Bureau and the occupying army, focusing on both sides of the violence. Several contributors analyze the origins of the Ku Klux Klan and its operations in Texas, how the Texas State Police attempted to quell the violence, and Tejano adjustment to Reconstruction. Other chapters …
Date: March 15, 2012
Creator: Howell, Kenneth W.
Object Type: Book
System: The UNT Digital Library
Department of Defense Energy Initiatives: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Department of Defense Energy Initiatives: Background and Issues for Congress

The Department of Defense (DOD) spends billions of dollars per year on fuel, and is pursuing numerous initiatives for reducing its fuel needs and changing the mix of energy sources that it uses. DOD's energy initiatives pose several potential oversight issues for Congress, and have been topics of discussion and debate at hearings on DOD's proposed FY2013 budget.
Date: June 5, 2012
Creator: Schwartz, Moshe; Blakeley, Katherine & O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Department of Defense Energy Initiatives: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Department of Defense Energy Initiatives: Background and Issues for Congress

Report that provides background information and identifies issues for Congress on Department of Defense (DOD) energy initiatives.
Date: August 10, 2012
Creator: Schwartz, Moshe; Blakeley, Katherine & O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library