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Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Venezuelan Guayana Shield (open access)

Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Venezuelan Guayana Shield

Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey and the Corporación Venezolana de Guayana, Técnica Minera, C.A., conducted a cooperative mapping, exploration, and mineral resource estimation study in Venezuela from 1987 to 1992. The work was conducted in the Venezuelan Guayana Shield, an Archean to Early and Middle Proterozoic craton in southern and eastern Venezuela of almost 415,000 km2 that is mostly covered by jungle and savanna. Results obtained from this project contribute a new understanding of the geology and evolution of the Venezuelan Guayana Shield and the nature of its mineral occurrences. Personnel from Técnica Minera, C.A., were trained both in the field and in the office to conduct modern mineral exploration and geologic mapping and research programs. This five-year project was supported financially by the Corporación Venezolana de Guayana.
Date: 1995
Creator: Sidder, Gary B.; García Gerdes, Andrés E. & Stoeser, J. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Clip: Floods Venezuela] captions transcript

[News Clip: Floods Venezuela]

Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, covering an unknown news story. This b-roll footage shows people cleaning flood damage and walking across water with materials and people caring for dogs. This footage was broadcast at 10pm.
Date: December 27, 1999
Creator: KXAS-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Video
System: The UNT Digital Library

[Venezuela Danzas]

Photograph of two members of Venezuela Danzas at the Texas Folklife Festival in San Antonio, Texas. They are performing on stage and wearing traditional Venezuelan costumes.
Date: [1995-08-03..1995-08-06]
Creator: Informedia
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Portal to Texas History

[Photograph 2012.201.B0999.0427]

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Dr. Ronald Pantin, a manager of Petroleos de Venezuela S. A., the Venezuelan National Petroleum company, told the conference Venezuela has 59 billion barrels of proven oil reserves and a possible 61 additional billion barrels."
Date: October 23, 1990
Creator: Klock, Roger
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History

[Venezuela en Danzas]

Photograph of Venezuela en Danzas performing at the Texas Folklife Festival in San Antonio, Texas. In the photograph, a two dancers perform together. The male dancer, left, wears a cowboy hat, dark pants, and a white dress shirt with polka dots. The female dancer, right, wears a white dress with metallic detailing and polka dots on the skirt.
Date: [1994-08-04..1994-08-07]
Creator: Informedia
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Portal to Texas History

[Venezuela en Danzas Folkdancers]

Photograph of two dancers from Venezuela en Danzas, folk dancers, at the Texas Folklife Festival in San Antonio, Texas. They performing on a stage in front of an audience and a white tent above their heads.
Date: [1997-07-31..1997-08-03]
Creator: Informedia
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Portal to Texas History

[Venezuela en Danzas Folkdancers]

Photograph of a female dancer from Venezuela en Danzas, folk dancers, performing at the Texas Folklife Festival in San Antonio, Texas. She is wearing a brightly colored flower-print skirt with hot pink and black trim. Another dancer, other people, and a white tent with a "Cor[ona] Extra" banner are visible in the background.
Date: [1997-07-31..1997-08-03]
Creator: Informedia
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Portal to Texas History
Residential energy use and conservation in Venezuela: Results and implications of a household survey in Caracas (open access)

Residential energy use and conservation in Venezuela: Results and implications of a household survey in Caracas

This document presents the final report of a study of residential energy use in Caracas, the capital of Venezuela. It contains the findings of a household energy-use survey held in Caracas in 1988 and examines options for introducing energy conservation measures in the Venezuelan residential sector. Oil exports form the backbone of the Venezuelan economy. Improving energy efficiency in Venezuela will help free domestic oil resources that can be sold to the rest of the world. Energy conservation will also contribute to a faster recovery of the economy by reducing the need for major investments in new energy facilities, allowing the Venezuelan government to direct its financial investments towards other areas of development. Local environmental benefits will constitute an important additional by-product of implementing energy-efficiency policies in Venezuela. Caracas`s residential sector shows great potential for energy conservation. The sector is characterized by high saturation levels of major appliances, inefficiency of appliances available in the market, and by careless patterns of energy use. Household energy use per capita average 6.5 GJ/per year which is higher than most cities in developing countries; most of this energy is used for cooking. Electricity accounts for 41% of all energy use, while LPG and natural …
Date: October 1, 1992
Creator: Figueroa, M. J.; Ketoff, A. & Masera, O.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Proyecto PAN-EARTH Estudio de Caso Venezuela: Informe de Actividades Octubre 1988 - Marzo 1990 (open access)

Proyecto PAN-EARTH Estudio de Caso Venezuela: Informe de Actividades Octubre 1988 - Marzo 1990

This is the activity report for the PAN-EARTH Project Case Study Venezuela from October 1988 to March 1990.
Date: April 11, 1990
Creator: Acevedo, Miguel F. & Jaimez, Ramón E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Supporting technology for enhanced oil recovery - EOR thermal processes (open access)

Supporting technology for enhanced oil recovery - EOR thermal processes

This report contains the results of efforts under the six tasks of the Eighth Amendment and Extension of Annex IV, Enhanced Oil Recovery Thermal Processes of the Venezuela/USA Agreement. The report is presented in sections and each section contains one or more reports prepared by various individuals or groups describing the results of efforts under each of the tasks. A statement of each task, taken from the agreement, is presented on the first page of each section.
Date: March 1, 1995
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Assessing potential impacts of CO2 - and deforestation - induced climate change on maize and black bean in Venezuela (open access)

Assessing potential impacts of CO2 - and deforestation - induced climate change on maize and black bean in Venezuela

Article on assessing potential impacts of CO2 and deforestation induced climate change on maize and black bean in Venezuela.
Date: 1995
Creator: Acevedo, Miguel F.; Jaimez, Ramón E.; Maytin, Carlos E.; Tonella, Giorgio & Harwell, Mark A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
PAN-EARTH/CEACT International Workshop on Climate Variability and Climate Change in Venezuela and the Caribbean Region (open access)

PAN-EARTH/CEACT International Workshop on Climate Variability and Climate Change in Venezuela and the Caribbean Region

Report on an international workshop on climate variability and climate change in Venezuela and the Caribbean region.
Date: April 1990
Creator: Acevedo, Miguel F.; Andressen, Rigoberto; Caponi, Claudio; Moreau, Alicia & Robock, Alan
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Simulación de la dinámica de grupos de especies vegetales en un bosque de los Llanos occidentales Venezolanos (open access)

Simulación de la dinámica de grupos de especies vegetales en un bosque de los Llanos occidentales Venezolanos

Article discussing the simulation of plant species groups dynamics in a Venezuelan western plains forest.
Date: January 1997
Creator: Angulo, Hirma Ramírez; Torres-Lezama, Armando & Acevedo, Miguel F.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Impactos Potenciales de los Cambios Climaticos Globales en los Sistemas Agricolas y en los Ecosistemas Terrestres de Venezuela: Resultados Preliminares (open access)

Impactos Potenciales de los Cambios Climaticos Globales en los Sistemas Agricolas y en los Ecosistemas Terrestres de Venezuela: Resultados Preliminares

Report on the potential impacts of global climate change in the farming systems and terrestrial ecosystems in Venezuela.
Date: October 1991
Creator: Acevedo, Miguel F.; Andressen, Rigoberto; Jaimez, Ramón E.; La Cruz, Luis & Maytin, Carlos E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Light Spectra Distributions in Temperate Conifer-Forest Canopy Gaps, Oregon and in Tropical Cloud-Forest Canopy, Venezuela (open access)

Light Spectra Distributions in Temperate Conifer-Forest Canopy Gaps, Oregon and in Tropical Cloud-Forest Canopy, Venezuela

Light spectra distributions were measured in two different montane forests: temperate and tropical. Spectral light measurements were made in different sized canopy gaps in the conifer forest at H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest in Oregon, USA. Researchers at Oregon State University created these gaps of 20 m, 30 m, and 50 m in diameter. In the tropical cloud forest, spectral light measurements were made in two plots that were permanently established at La Mucuy Parque Nacional in Venezuela, in collaboration with researchers at Universidad de Los Andes. In both studies, spectra and distributions of physiologically active light were analyzed: red, far-red, R/FR ratio, and blue light.
Date: December 1997
Creator: Monteleone, Susan Elaine
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Household energy use in urban Venezuela: Implications from surveys in Maracaibo, Valencia, Merida, and Barcelona-Puerto La Cruz (open access)

Household energy use in urban Venezuela: Implications from surveys in Maracaibo, Valencia, Merida, and Barcelona-Puerto La Cruz

This report identifies the most important results of a comparative analysis of household commercial energy use in Venezuelan urban cities. The use of modern fuels is widespread among all cities. Cooking consumes the largest share of urban household energy use. The survey documents no use of biomass and a negligible use of kerosene for cooking. LPG, natural gas, and kerosene are the main fuels available. LPG is the fuel choice of low-income households in all cities except Maracaibo, where 40% of all households use natural gas. Electricity consumption in Venezuela`s urban households is remarkably high compared with the levels used in households in comparable Latin American countries and in households of industrialized nations which confront harsher climatic conditions and, therefore, use electricity for water and space heating. The penetration of appliances in Venezuela`s urban households is very high. The appliances available on the market are inefficient, and there are inefficient patterns of energy use among the population. Climate conditions and the urban built form all play important roles in determining the high level of energy consumption in Venezuelan urban households. It is important to acknowledge the opportunities for introducing energy efficiency and conservation in Venezuela`s residential sector, particularly given current …
Date: August 1, 1993
Creator: Figueroa, M. J. & Sathaye, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Venezuela-MEM/USA-DOE Fossil Energy Report XIII-1, Supporting Technology for Enhanced Oil Recovery, Microbial EOR (open access)

Venezuela-MEM/USA-DOE Fossil Energy Report XIII-1, Supporting Technology for Enhanced Oil Recovery, Microbial EOR

The results from Annex XIII of the Cooperative Agreement between the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and the Ministry of Energy and Mines of the Republic of Venezuela (MEMV) have been documented and published with many researchers involved. Integrate comprehensive research programs in the area of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) ranged from feasibility laboratory studies to full-scale multi-well field pilots. The objective, to cooperate in a technical exchange of ideas and information was fully met throughout the life of the Annex. Information has been exchanged between the two countries through published reports and technical meetings between experts in both country's research communities. The meetings occurred every two years in locations coincident with the International MEOR conferences & workshops sponsored by DOE (June 1990, University of Oklahoma, September 1992, Brookhaven, September 1995, National Institute of Petroleum and Energy Research). Reports and publications produced during these years are listed in Appendix B. Several Annex managers have guided the exchange through the years. They included Luis Vierma, Jose Luis Zirritt, representing MEMV and E. B. Nuckols, Edith Allison, and Rhonda Lindsey, representing the U.S. DOE. Funding for this area of research remained steady for a few years but decreased in recent …
Date: November 3, 1999
Creator: Ziritt, Jose Luis
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
CO{sub 2} emissions from developing countries: Better understanding the role of Energy in the long term. Volume 2, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Venezuela (open access)

CO{sub 2} emissions from developing countries: Better understanding the role of Energy in the long term. Volume 2, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Venezuela

Recent years have witnessed a growing recognition of the link between emissions of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) and changes in the global climate. Of all anthropogenic activities, energy production and use generate the single largest portion of these greenhouse gases. Although developing countries currently account for a small share of global carbon emissions, their contribution is increasing rapidly. Due to the rapid expansion of energy demand in these nations, the developing world`s share in global modern energy use rose from 16 to 27 percent between 1970 and 1990. If the growth rates observed over the past 20 years persist energy demand in developing will surpass that in the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) early in the 21st century. The study seeks to examine the forces that galvanize the growth of energy use and carbon emissions, to assess the likely future levels of energy and CO{sub 2} in selected developing nations and to identify opportunities for restraining this growth. The purpose of this report is to provide the quantitative information needed to develop effective policy options, not to identify the options themselves. These individual studies were conducted fro Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Venezuela in Latin America.
Date: July 1, 1991
Creator: Ketoff, A.; Sathaye, J. & Goldman, N.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Projected refined product balances in key Latin American countries: A preliminary examination (open access)

Projected refined product balances in key Latin American countries: A preliminary examination

Over the years, the East-West Center (EWC) has developed considerable expertise in refinery modeling, especially in the area of forecasting product balances for countries, given planned capacity changes, changes in product demand, changes in crude slates, and changes in product specifications. This expertise has been applied on an ongoing basis to the major refiners in the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region, along with the US West Coast as region in its own right. Refinery modeling in these three areas has been ongoing for nearly 15 years at the Center, and the tools and information sources are now well developed. To date, the EWC has not applied these tools to Latin America. Although research on Latin America has been an ongoing area of concern at the Center in recent years, the information gathered to date is still not of the level of detail nor quality available for other areas. The modeling efforts undertaken in this report are of a ``baseline`` nature, designed to outline the major issues, attempt a first cut at emerging product balances, and, above all, to elicit commentary from those directly involved in the oil industry in the key countries modeled. Our experience in other regions has …
Date: June 1, 1996
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ecological Responses of Venezuelan Savannas to Global Climate Change: Workshop Report (open access)

Ecological Responses of Venezuelan Savannas to Global Climate Change: Workshop Report

Report from a workshop on ecological responses of Venezuelan savannas to global climate change.
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Acevedo, Miguel F.; Andressen, Rigoberto; Azocar, Aura; Canales, Josune; Coughenour, Michael B.; García, Carlos et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Supporting technology for enhanced oil recovery: Sixth amendment and extension to Annex IV enhanced oil recovery thermal processes (open access)

Supporting technology for enhanced oil recovery: Sixth amendment and extension to Annex IV enhanced oil recovery thermal processes

This report contains the results of efforts under the six tasks of the Sixth Amendment and Extension of Annex 4, Enhanced Oil Recovery Thermal Processes of the Venezuela/USA Agreement. The report is presented in sections (for each of the 6 tasks) and each section contains one or more reports prepared by various individuals or groups describing the results of efforts under each of the tasks. A statement of each task, taken from the agreement, is presented on the first page of each section. The tasks are numbered 44 through 49. Tasks are: DOE-SUPRI-laboratory research on steam foam, CAT-SCAN, and in-situ combustion; INTEVEP-laboratory research and field projects on steam foam; DOE-NIPER-laboratory research and field projects light oil steam flooding; INTEVEP-laboratory research and field studies on wellbore heat losses; DOE-LLNL-laboratory research and field projects on electromagnetic induction tomography; INTEVEP-laoboratory research on mechanistic studies.
Date: October 1, 1991
Creator: Reid, T.B. (USDOE Bartlesville Project Office, OK (United States)) & Rivas, O. (INTEVEP, Filial de Petroleos de Venezuela, SA, Caracas (Venezuela))
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trends in electricity demand and supply in the developing countries, 1980--1990 (open access)

Trends in electricity demand and supply in the developing countries, 1980--1990

This report provides an overview of trends concerning electricity demand and supply in the developing countries in the 1980--1990 period, with special focus on 13 major countries for which we have assembled consistent data series. We describe the linkage between electricity demand and economic growth, the changing sectoral composition of electricity consumption, and changes in the mix of energy sources for electricity generation. We also cover trends in the efficiency of utility electricity supply with respect to power plant efficiency and own-use and delivery losses, and consider the trends in carbon dioxide emissions from electricity supply.
Date: November 1, 1992
Creator: Meyers, S. & Campbell, C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Kinetic modeling of petroleum formation in the Maracaibo Basin: Final report, Annex 12 (open access)

Kinetic modeling of petroleum formation in the Maracaibo Basin: Final report, Annex 12

The purpose of this project is to develop and test improved kinetic models of petroleum generation and cracking, pore pressure buildup, and fluid expulsion. The work was performed jointly between Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Research Organization of the Venezuelan National Petroleum Company under Annex 12 of an agreement between DOE and the Venezuelan Ministry of Energy and Mines. Laboratory experiments were conducted at both LLNL and INTEVEP to obtain the reaction rate and product composition information needed to develop chemical kinetic models. Experiments at INTEVEP included hydrous pyrolysis and characterization of oils by gas and liquid chromatography. Experiments at LLNL included programmed pyrolysis in open and self-purging reactors, sometimes including on-line gas analysis by tandem mass spectrometry, and characterization of oils by gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. The PMOD code was used to develop a detailed pyrolysis mechanism from the extensive laboratory data. This mechanism is able to predict yield of bitumen, oil, and gas as a function of time and temperature for such diverse laboratory conditions as hydrous pyrolysis and rapid, programmed, open pyrolysis. PMOD calculations were compared to geologic observations for 22 wells in the Maracaibo basin. When permeability parameters are chosen to match calculated pore …
Date: July 1, 1992
Creator: Burnham, A. K.; Braun, R. L.; Sweeney, J. J.; Reynolds, J. G.; Vallejos, C. & Talukdar, S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Country analysis briefs: 1994. Profiles of major world energy producers, consumers, and transport centers (open access)

Country analysis briefs: 1994. Profiles of major world energy producers, consumers, and transport centers

Country Analysis Briefs: 1994 is a compilation of country profiles prepared by the Energy Markets and Contingency Information Division (EMCID) of the Office of Energy Markets and End Use. EMCID maintains Country Analysis Briefs (CABs) for specific countries or geographical areas that are important to world energy markets. As a general rule, CABs are prepared for all members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), major non-OPEC oil producers (i.e., the North Sea, Russia), major energy transit areas (i.e., Ukraine), and other areas of current interest to energy analysts and policy makers. As of January 1995, EMCID maintained over 40 CABs, updated on an annual schedule and subject to revision as events warrant. This report includes 25 CABs updated during 1994. All CABs contain a profile section, a map showing the country`s location, and a narrative section. The profile section includes outlines of the country`s economy, energy sector, and environment. The narrative provides further information and discussion of these topics. Some CABs also include a detailed map displaying locations of major oil and gas fields, pipelines, ports, etc. These maps were created as a result of special individual requests and so are not typically a standard feature of the …
Date: May 1, 1995
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library