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GENERATING THE RIGHT PCB DATA DETERMINATION OF AROCLORS VERSUS PCB CONGENERS (open access)

GENERATING THE RIGHT PCB DATA DETERMINATION OF AROCLORS VERSUS PCB CONGENERS

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a major environmental concern due to their ubiquity and tendency to bio-accumulate. as well as their persistence and toxicity. As the cleanup of waste and contaminated soil progresses at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites, the costs for accurate PCB data are increasing. PCBs are actually a broad name for a group of 209 individual compounds known as congeners. PCBs were originally produced in the United States as specific mixtures of congeners known as Aroclors'. PCBs can be analyzed and quantified either as Aroclor mixtures or as individual congeners. Aroclor analysis, which is the more common analytical method applied to PCBs. has been in use for decades, and in general, most cleanup regulations are based on total PCB concentrations using Aroclor analyses. Congener analysis is relatively new to environmental cleanup and restoration due to both technical issues and associated cost. The benefits of congener analysis are that it allows a more direct analysis of the risk of the PCBs. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified twelve specific congeners as dioxin-like with toxicity ranging from 0.00003 to 0.1 times the standard 2,3,7.8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2.3.7.8-TCDD) toxicity. This paper defines Aroclors and congeners and compares the current application and …
Date: November 21, 2007
Creator: CT, NARQUIS & AL, PRIGNANO
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Clip: PCB Dangers] captions transcript

[News Clip: PCB Dangers]

Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story. This story aired at 5 P.M.
Date: July 11, 1990
Creator: KXAS-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Video
System: The UNT Digital Library
The PCB mark (open access)

The PCB mark

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic chemicals that had become widely used in industrial applications due to their practical physical and chemical properties. Historical uses of PCBs include dielectric fluids (used in utility transformers, capacitors, etc.), hydraulic fluids, and other applications requiring stable, fire-retardant materials. Due to findings that PCBs may cause adverse health effects and due to their persistence and accumulation in the environment. The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), enacted on October 11, 1976, banned the manufacture of PCBs after 1978 [Section 6(e)]. The first PCB regulations, promulgated at 40 CFR Part 761, were finalized on February 17, 1978. These PCB regulations include requirements specifying disposal methods and marking (labeling) procedures, and controlling PCB use. To assist the Department of Energy (DOE) in its efforts to comply with the TSCA statute and implementing regulations, the Office of Environmental Guidance has prepared the document ``Guidance on the Management of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).`` That document explains the requirements specified in the statute and regulations for managing PCBs including PCB use, storage, transport, and disposal. The requirements outlined at 40 CFR 761.40 through 761.45 specify marking requirements for most PCB items (i.e., any PCB Article, PCB Container, PCB Article …
Date: December 1, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Clip: PCB transforms pkg] captions transcript

[News Clip: PCB transforms pkg]

Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story. This story aired at 5 P.M.
Date: July 19, 1990
Creator: KXAS-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Video
System: The UNT Digital Library
PCB storage requirements (open access)

PCB storage requirements

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic chemicals that had become widely used in industrial applications due to their practical physical and chemical properties. Historical uses of PCBs include dielectric fluids (used in utility transformers, capacitors, etc.), hydraulic fluids, and other applications requiring stable, fire-retardant materials. Due to findings that PCBs may cause adverse health effects and due to their persistence and accumulation in the environment, the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), enacted on october 11, 1976, banned the manufacture of PCBs after 1978 [Section 6(e)]. The first PCB regulations, promulgated at 40 CFR Part 761, were finalized on February 17, 1978. These PCB regulations include requirements specifying disposal methods and marking (labeling) procedures, and controlling PCB use. To assist the Department of Energy (DOE) in its efforts to comply with the TSCA statute and implementing regulations, the Office of Environmental Guidance has prepared the document ``Guidance on the Management of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).`` That document explains the requirements specified in the statute and regulations for managing PCBs, including PCB use, storage, transport, and disposal. The requirements specified at 40 CFR Part 761.65 require most PCB wastes to be stored in a facility that meets the specifications of that …
Date: December 1, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
PCB recordkeeping and reporting (open access)

PCB recordkeeping and reporting

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic chemicals that had become widely used in industrial applications due to their practical physical and chemical properties. Historical uses of PCBs include dielectric fluids (used in utility transformers, capacitors, etc.), hydraulic fluids, and other applications requiring stable, fire-retardant materials. Due to findings that PCBs may cause adverse health effects and due to their persistence and accumulation in the environment, the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), enacted on October 11, 1976, banned the manufacture of PCBs after 1978 [Section 6(e)]. The first PCB regulations, promulgated at 40 CFR Part 761, were finalized on February 17, 1978. These PCB regulations include requirements specifying disposal methods and marking (labeling) procedures, and controlling PCB use. To assist the Department of Energy (DOE) in its efforts to comply with the TSCA statute and implementing regulations, the Office of Environmental Guidance has prepared the document ``Guidance on the Management of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).`` That document explains the requirements specified in the statute and regulations for managing PCBs including PCB use, storage, transport, and disposal. All generators, disposers, and storers of PCB waste must comply with the recordkeeping and reporting requirements found at 40 CFR 761.180. The regulations include …
Date: December 1, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Disposal requirements for PCB waste (open access)

Disposal requirements for PCB waste

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic chemicals that had become widely used in industrial applications due to their practical physical and chemical properties. Historical uses of PCBs include dielectric fluids (used in utility transformers, capacitors, etc.), hydraulic fluids, and other applications requiring stable, fire-retardant materials. Due to findings that PCBs may cause adverse health effects and due to their persistence and accumulation in the environment, the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), enacted on october 11, 1976, banned the manufacture of PCBs after 1978 [Section 6(e)]. The first PCB regulations, promulgated at 40 CFR Part 761, were finalized on February 17, 1978. These PCB regulations include requirements specifying disposal methods and marking (labeling) procedures, and controlling PCB use. To assist the Department of Energy (DOE) in its efforts to comply with the TSCA statute and implementing regulations, the Office of Environmental Guidance has prepared the document ``Guidance on the Management of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).`` That document explains the requirements specified in the statute and regulations for managing PCBs including PCB use, storage, transport, and disposal. PCB materials that are no longer in use and have been declared a waste must be disposed of according to the requirements found at …
Date: December 1, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The greening of PCB analytical methods (open access)

The greening of PCB analytical methods

Green chemistry incorporates waste minimization, pollution prevention and solvent substitution. The primary focus of green chemistry over the past decade has been within the chemical industry; adoption by routine environmental laboratories has been slow because regulatory standard methods must be followed. A related paradigm, microscale chemistry has gained acceptance in undergraduate teaching laboratories, but has not been broadly applied to routine environmental analytical chemistry. We are developing green and microscale techniques for routine polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) analyses as an example of the overall potential within the environmental analytical community. Initial work has focused on adaptation of commonly used routine EPA methods for soils and oils. Results of our method development and validation demonstrate that: (1) Solvent substitution can achieve comparable results and eliminate environmentally less-desirable solvents, (2) Microscale extractions can cut the scale of the analysis by at least a factor of ten, (3) We can better match the amount of sample used with the amount needed for the GC determination step, (4) The volume of waste generated can be cut by at least a factor of ten, and (5) Costs are reduced significantly in apparatus, reagent consumption, and labor.
Date: December 1, 1995
Creator: Erickson, M.D.; Alvarado, J.S. & Aldstadt, J.H.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Management of PCB laboratory wastes (open access)

Management of PCB laboratory wastes

Regulations promulgated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) govern the management of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including use, storage, and disposal. Under TSCA, PCBs can only be used if the use is authorized under the TSCA regulations in 40 CFR 761; otherwise, the use of PCBs is prohibited and the PCBs must be disposed as PCB waste. 40 CFR 761.30(j) authorizes the use of PCBs in ``small quantities for research and development.`` Research and development activities are defined to include activities associated with laboratory analysis.
Date: November 1, 1995
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Idaho National Laboratory PCB Annual Document Log (open access)

Idaho National Laboratory PCB Annual Document Log

see document at http://terreton.inel.gov/regs/20
Date: June 1, 2013
Creator: Layton, D. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
PCB biohalogenation under anaerobic conditions (open access)

PCB biohalogenation under anaerobic conditions

The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) is conducting research on the biodehalogenation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) under anoxic conditions. Reductive dechlorination of PCB's has been observed in treatments inoculated with Hudson River sediments. Differences in gas chromatograms between time 0 and 4-month incubations indicate pattern shifts of the PCB homologs that constitute Aroclor 1242 from highly chlorinated to lesser chlorinated congeners. Changes in distribution patterns of PCB homologs were also evident. PCB homologs containing 4, 5, 6, and 7 chlorine atoms were shown to decrease over the incubation period, whereas PCB homologs containing 2 and 3 chlorines increased in concentration. 10 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Gauger, W.K. & McCue, J.J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
PCB spill response and notification requirements (open access)

PCB spill response and notification requirements

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic chemicals that had become widely used in industrial applications due to their practical physical and chemical properties. Historical uses of PCBs include dielectric fluids (used in utility transformers, capacitors, etc.), hydraulic fluids, and other applications requiring stable, fire-retardant materials. Due to findings that PCBs may cause adverse health effects and due to their persistence and accumulation in the environment. The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), enacted on october 11, 1976, banned the manufacture of PCBs after 1978 [Section 6(e)]. The first PCB regulations, promulgated at 40 CFR Part 761, were finalized on February 17, 1978. These PCB regulations include requirements specifying disposal methods and marking (labeling) procedures, and controlling PCB use. To assist the Department of Energy (DOE) in its efforts to comply with the TSCA statute and implementing regulations, the Office of Environmental Guidance has prepared the document ``Guidance on the Management of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).`` That document explains the requirements specified in the statute and regulations for managing PCBs including PCB use, storage, transport, and disposal. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established regulations at 40 CFR 761 Subpart G for the reporting and cleanup of spills resulting from the release …
Date: December 1, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The potential of PCB photochemistry at Moccasin Bend (open access)

The potential of PCB photochemistry at Moccasin Bend

The TVA/EPRI Tailored Collaborative Project {open_quotes}Biotransformation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS) in Contaminated Soils{close_quotes}, has as its objective biotransformation of PCB contaminated soils at utility sites (Phase I Report March 1992). However, there is recognition of the existence of other types of nonmetabolic alterations of PCBs in the contaminated soils. Of these nonmetabolic alterations, photoalteration is of special interest to the project. Photoalteration has the potential for enhancing PCB transformation with little intervention and little harm to the microbial community. PCBs have pervaded the environment, and the paucity of knowledge about their chemistry is becoming readily apparent. Although PCBs are quite resistant to degradation, photolysis, which is a chemical decomposition process that is induced by radiant energy, may be important in the environmental chemistry of PCBS. The photochemical degradation of PCBs may affect atmospheric levels of contaminants and photolabile chemicals that reside in water bodies or on surfaces, as for example, on leaves and vegetation. Chemicals present in the environment can undergo direct or indirect phototransformation which includes photosensitized degradation and oxygenation as well as photoinduced degradation. Photoalteration is produced by either artificial light or by light from the sun. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is known to induce chemical reactions in many …
Date: March 30, 1993
Creator: Hinton, M. M. & Beck, M. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Polychlorinate (open access)

Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Polychlorinate

The Toxic Substances Control Act regulations of 40
Date: June 1, 2013
Creator: Layton, D. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Idaho National Laboratory PCB Annual Document Log (open access)

Idaho National Laboratory PCB Annual Document Log

None
Date: June 1, 2007
Creator: Little, Marianne
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) retrofill: Fact or fiction (open access)

PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) retrofill: Fact or fiction

PCB transformers changes form the fire safety engineers friend to the environmental engineers worst nightmare, when it became apparent that PCB filled devices are a source of highly toxic chemicals when they are burned improperly. This concern, combined with new regulations, is prompting engineers worldwide to actively plan and design PCB replacements. The two most commonly used PCB mitigation methods are retrofill and retrofit. This report will address retrofill only and is directed toward environmental concerns, facility interfaces, outage requirements, and application questions. This information is offered to help engineers make informed decisions regarding the best way to replace PCB transformers. This overview also addresses whether PCB retrofill is a viable fact'' or is it fiction'' without merit. 3 figs.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Seifert, G.D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Application for the Risk-Based Storage of PCB Reme (open access)

Application for the Risk-Based Storage of PCB Reme

This assessment discusses the PCB hazards present at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC) Transuranic Storage Area Retrieval Enclosure (TSA-RE); the various controls; natural, engineered and administrative that are in place to manage these hazards and minimize any potential risks; and the monitoring and surveillance activities that assure the aforementioned actions are indeed protective of the environment and the public and the worked. This assessment covers only the interim storage of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Date: November 1, 1999
Creator: Becker, William Joseph
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Application for the Risk-Based Storage of PCB Reme (open access)

Application for the Risk-Based Storage of PCB Reme

This Report discusses PCB hazards present at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory.
Date: January 1, 2001
Creator: Becker, William Joseph
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Clip: PCB] captions transcript

[News Clip: PCB]

B-roll video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.
Date: June 25, 1984
Creator: KXAS-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Video
System: The UNT Digital Library
PCB dechlorination in anaerobic soil slurry reactors (open access)

PCB dechlorination in anaerobic soil slurry reactors

Many industrial locations, including the US Department of Energy`s, have identified needs for treatment of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes and remediation of PCB-contaminated sites. Biodegradation of PCBs is a potentially effective technology for the treatment of PCB-contaminated soils and sludges, including mixed wastes; however, a practical remediation technology has not yet been demonstrated. In laboratory experiments, soil slurry bioreactors inoculated with microorganisms extracted from PCB-contaminated sediments from the Hudson River have been used to obtain anaerobic dechlorination of PCBS. The onset of dechlorination activity can be accelerated by addition of nutritional amendments and inducers. After 15 weeks of incubation with PCB-contaminated soil and nutrient solution, dechlorination has been observed under several working conditions. The best results show that the average chlorine content steadily dropped from 4.3 to 3.5 chlorines per biphenyl over a 15-week period.
Date: November 29, 1993
Creator: Klasson, K. T. & Evans, B. S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Clip: Botanic PCB] captions transcript

[News Clip: Botanic PCB]

B-roll video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.
Date: June 10, 1994, 5:00 p.m.
Creator: KXAS-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Video
System: The UNT Digital Library
Toxic Substance Control Act PCB/Radioactive Waste (open access)

Toxic Substance Control Act PCB/Radioactive Waste

To be provided
Date: June 1, 2004
Creator: little
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Toxic Substance Control Act PCB/Radioactive Waste (open access)

Toxic Substance Control Act PCB/Radioactive Waste

None
Date: June 1, 2001
Creator: Obert, Stephen Victor & Leininger, Tim Lee
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
PCB Annual Document Log and Annual Records for Cal (open access)

PCB Annual Document Log and Annual Records for Cal

None
Date: June 1, 2001
Creator: Obert, Stephen Victor & Leininger, Tim Lee
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library