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Beyond the Hold: The Evolution of the Ship in African American Literature

In the wake of a disturbing decades-long trend in both print and visual media—the appropriation of Black history and culture—another trend is observed in works of African American fiction: the reclamation of the appropriated imagery, in both neo-slave narratives and works of Afrofuturism. The image focused on specifically in this paper is that of the ship, which I argue serves at least two identifiable functions in Black fiction: first, to address the historical treatment of Africans and their American descendants, and secondly, to demonstrate Black progress and potential. Through an exploration of three works of African American fiction, works that take their Black protagonists beyond the ship's dreadful hold, the reader can see the important themes being channeled: Charles Johnson's Middle Passage sets a course on how to arrive at true freedom, enacting a process of Black liberation that begins with learning how to survive "in the wake," a concept derived Christina Sharpe's work In the Wake: On Blackness and Being. Rivers Solomon's An Unkindness of Ghosts demonstrates not only the effects of "the hold," but how the hold itself has evolved from its origins on the slave ship; as new holds are constructed and demanded by society, rebellion is …
Date: August 2022
Creator: Najera, Joel Luis
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Bass Reeves: a History • a Novel • a Crusade, Volume 1: the Rise (open access)

Bass Reeves: a History • a Novel • a Crusade, Volume 1: the Rise

This literary/historical novel details the life of African-American Deputy US Marshal Bass Reeves between the years 1838-1862 and 1883-1884. One plotline depicts Reeves’s youth as a slave, including his service as a body servant to a Confederate cavalry officer during the Civil War. Another plotline depicts him years later, after Emancipation, at the height of his deputy career, when he has become the most feared, most successful lawman in Indian Territory, the largest federal jurisdiction in American history and the most dangerous part of the Old West. A preface explores the uniqueness of this project’s historical relevance and literary positioning as a neo-slave narrative, and addresses a few liberties that I take with the historical record.
Date: August 2015
Creator: Thompson, Sidney, 1965-
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Oral History Interview with J. L. Summers, August 21, 1995 (open access)

Oral History Interview with J. L. Summers, August 21, 1995

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with J.L. Summers. While attending college, Summers entered the Army in November, 1940 when his unit, the headquarters battery in the 131st Field Artillery, was mobilized. Prior to that, Summers had been in the National Guard. En route to the Philippines, Summers' unit was redirected to Australia after the Japanese attack. From there, they went to Java. In March, 1942, Summers became a prisoner of war and wound up at Bicycle Camp in Batavia (Jakarta today). Summers describes life as a POW at Bicycle Camp. He was shipped out to the POW camp at Changi, Singapore in September, 1942 aboard the Dai Nichi Maru. In January a train trip and another hell ship ride occurred to Burma. Once there, Japanese trucks took Summers and the other POWs to 18 Kilo Camp where they were to build the railroad to Thailand. From there, he went to the 40 Kilo Camp in March, the 80 Kilo Camp in June, and the 100 Kilo Camp in late August. Throughout this time, Summers suffered from tropical ulcers on his legs, malaria, wet beriberi, dysentery and dengue fever. When the railroad was completed, Summers …
Date: August 21, 1995
Creator: Summers, J. L.
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Peculiar Pairings: Texas Confederates and Their Body Servants (open access)

Peculiar Pairings: Texas Confederates and Their Body Servants

Peculiar Pairings: Texas Confederates and their Body Servants is an examination of the relationship between Texas Confederates and the slaves they brought with them during and after the American Civil War. The five chapter study seeks to make sense of the complex relationships shared by some Confederate masters and their black body servants in order to better understand the place of "black Confederates" in Civil War memory. This thesis begins with an examination of what kind of Texans brought body servants to war with them and the motivations they may have had for doing so. Chapter three explores the interactions between master and slave while on the march. Chapter four, the crux of the study, focuses on a number of examples that demonstrate the complex nature of the master slave relationship in a war time environment, and the effects of these relationships during the post-Civil War era.
Date: August 2016
Creator: Elliott, Brian
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Southern Roots, Western Foundations: the Peculiar Institution and the Livestock Industry on the Northwestern Frontier of Texas, 1846-1864 (open access)

Southern Roots, Western Foundations: the Peculiar Institution and the Livestock Industry on the Northwestern Frontier of Texas, 1846-1864

This dissertation challenges Charles W. Ramsdell's needless war theory, which argued that profitable slavery would not have existed west of the 98th meridian and that slavery would have died a natural death. It uses statistical information that is mined from the county tax records to show how slave-owners on the northwestern frontier of Texas raised livestock rather than market crops, before and during the Civil War. This enterprise was so strong that it not only continued to expand throughout this period, but it also became the foundation for the recovery of the Texas economy after the war.
Date: August 2013
Creator: Liles, Deborah Marie
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Scholarly Trickster in Jacobean Drama: Characterology and Culture (open access)

The Scholarly Trickster in Jacobean Drama: Characterology and Culture

Whereas scholarly malcontents and naifs in late Renaissance drama represent the actual notion of university graduates during the time period, scholarly tricksters have an obscure social origin. Moreover, their lack of motive in participating in the plays' events, their ambivalent value structures, and their conflicting dramatic roles as tricksters, reformers, justices, and heroes pose a serious diffculty to literary critics who attempt to define them. By examining the Western dramatic tradition, this study first proposes that the scholarly tricksters have their origins in both the Vice in early Tudor plays and the witty slave in classical comedy. By incorporating historical, cultural, anthropological, and psychological studies, this essay also demonstrates that the scholarly tricksters are each a Jacobean version of the archetypal trickster, who is usually associated with solitary habits, motiveless intrusion, and a double function as selfish buffoon and cultural hero. Finally, this study shows that their ambivalent value structures reflect the nature of rhetorical training in Renaissance schools.
Date: August 1993
Creator: Oh, Seiwoong
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Viewing the Past Through Different Lenses: The African American Legacy in the Lower Brazos Valley (open access)

Viewing the Past Through Different Lenses: The African American Legacy in the Lower Brazos Valley

Papers presented during African-American cultural awareness event "Viewing the Past Through Different Lenses" including sessions titled Discovering the Facts, Presenting the People, Preserving the Culture, and Applying the Research, with other selected papers.
Date: August 2002
Creator: Hutcheson, Barry
Object Type: Book
System: The Portal to Texas History

William & Rosalie: a Holocaust Testimony

Access: Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
William & Rosalie is the gripping and heartfelt account of two young Jewish people from Poland who survive six different German slave and prison camps throughout the Holocaust. In 1941, newlyweds William and Rosalie Schiff are forcibly separated and sent on their individual odysseys through a surreal maze of hate. Terror in the Krakow ghetto, sadistic SS death games, cruel human medical experiments, eyewitness accounts of brutal murders of men, women, children, and even infants, and the menace of rape in occupied Poland make William & Rosalie an unusually explicit view of the chaos that World War II unleashed on the Jewish people. The lovers’ story begins in Krakow’s ancient neighborhood of Kazimierz, after the Germans occupy western Poland. A year later they marry in the ghetto; by 1942 deportations have wasted both families. After Rosalie is saved by Oskar Schindler, the husband and wife end up at the Plaszow work camp under Amon Goeth, the bestial commandant played by Ralph Fiennes in Schindler’s List. While Rosalie is on “heaven patrol” removing bodies from the camp, William is working in the factories. But when Rosalie is shipped by train to a different factory camp, William sneaks into a boxcar to …
Date: August 15, 2007
Creator: Schiff, William; Schiff, Rosalie & Hanley, Craig
Object Type: Book
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Stranger Amongst Strangers: An Analysis of the Freedmen's Bureau Subassistant Commissioners in Texas, 1865-1868 (open access)

A Stranger Amongst Strangers: An Analysis of the Freedmen's Bureau Subassistant Commissioners in Texas, 1865-1868

This dissertation is a study of the subassistant commissioners of the Freedmen's Bureau in Texas from late 1865 to late 1868. Its focus is two-fold. It first examines who these men were. Were they northern born or southern? Did they own slaves? Were these men rich, poor, or from the middle-class? Did they have military experience or were they civilians? How old was the average subassistant commissioner in Texas? This work will answer what man Freedmen's Bureau officials deemed qualified to transition the former slave from bondage to freedom. Secondly, in conjunction with these questions, this work will examine the day-to-day operations of the Bureau agents in Texas, chronicling those aspects endemic to all agents as well as those unique to certain subdistricts. The demand of being a Bureau agent was immense, requiring long hours in the office fielding questions and long hours in the saddle inspecting subdistricts. In essence, their work advising, protecting, and educating the freedmen was a never ending one. The records of the Freedmen's Bureau, both the records for headquarters and the subassistant commissioners, serve as the main sources, but numerous newspapers, Texas state official correspondences, and military records proved helpful. Immense amounts of information arrived …
Date: August 2008
Creator: Bean, Christopher B.
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Thursday, August 22, 2002 (open access)

The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Thursday, August 22, 2002

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 22, 2002
Creator: Bush, Kent
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The GV Tribune (Grandview, Tex.), Vol. 113, No. 30, Ed. 1 Friday, August 1, 2008 (open access)

The GV Tribune (Grandview, Tex.), Vol. 113, No. 30, Ed. 1 Friday, August 1, 2008

Weekly newspaper from Grandview, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 1, 2008
Creator: Knowles, Rexann
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Grandview Tribune (Grandview, Tex.), Vol. 106, No. 2, Ed. 1 Friday, August 25, 2000 (open access)

Grandview Tribune (Grandview, Tex.), Vol. 106, No. 2, Ed. 1 Friday, August 25, 2000

Weekly newspaper from Grandview, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 25, 2000
Creator: Bosher, Casey & Marten, Donna K.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Inventions, Dreams, Imitations (open access)

Inventions, Dreams, Imitations

Eight short selections of fiction. "Inventions" consists of two invented creation myths. The three stories in "Dreams" are fantasy tales set in a common dream-world. The selections in "Imitations" are neither fantasy nor science fiction: "Time's Tapering Blade" is an experiment in form; "The Wake" concerns a group of friends dealing with a death; and "Janie, Hold the Light" is based on stories from the author's family about Christmas during the depression of the 1930's.
Date: August 1997
Creator: Gatlin, Charles Morgan
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Celeste Courier (Celeste, Tex.), Vol. 77, No. 33, Ed. 1 Friday, August 24, 1979 (open access)

The Celeste Courier (Celeste, Tex.), Vol. 77, No. 33, Ed. 1 Friday, August 24, 1979

Weekly newspaper from Celeste, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 24, 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Brownwood Bulletin (Brownwood, Tex.), Vol. 79, No. 276, Ed. 1 Friday, August 31, 1979 (open access)

Brownwood Bulletin (Brownwood, Tex.), Vol. 79, No. 276, Ed. 1 Friday, August 31, 1979

Daily newspaper from Brownwood, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 31, 1979
Creator: Deason, Gene
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Chickasha Daily Express (Chickasha, Okla.), Vol. 84, No. 146, Ed. 1 Tuesday, August 31, 1976 (open access)

The Chickasha Daily Express (Chickasha, Okla.), Vol. 84, No. 146, Ed. 1 Tuesday, August 31, 1976

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 31, 1976
Creator: Drew, Charles C.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Grandview Tribune (Grandview, Tex.), Vol. 103, No. 3, Ed. 1 Friday, August 15, 1997 (open access)

Grandview Tribune (Grandview, Tex.), Vol. 103, No. 3, Ed. 1 Friday, August 15, 1997

Weekly newspaper from Grandview, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 15, 1997
Creator: Magness, Jack, Jr.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Monday, August 15, 2005 (open access)

The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Monday, August 15, 2005

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 15, 2005
Creator: Bush, Kent
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The GV Tribune (Grandview, Tex.), Vol. 113, No. 34, Ed. 1 Friday, August 29, 2008 (open access)

The GV Tribune (Grandview, Tex.), Vol. 113, No. 34, Ed. 1 Friday, August 29, 2008

Weekly newspaper from Grandview, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 29, 2008
Creator: Knowles, Rexann
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Chickasha Daily Express (Chickasha, Okla.), Vol. 73, No. 147, Ed. 1 Tuesday, August 3, 1965 (open access)

The Chickasha Daily Express (Chickasha, Okla.), Vol. 73, No. 147, Ed. 1 Tuesday, August 3, 1965

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 3, 1965
Creator: Drew, Charles C.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Chickasha Daily Express (Chickasha, Okla.), Vol. 88, No. 120, Ed. 1 Friday, August 15, 1980 (open access)

The Chickasha Daily Express (Chickasha, Okla.), Vol. 88, No. 120, Ed. 1 Friday, August 15, 1980

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 15, 1980
Creator: Drew, Charles C.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chickasha Daily Express (Chickasha, Okla.), Vol. 95, No. 198, Ed. 1 Wednesday, August 20, 1986 (open access)

Chickasha Daily Express (Chickasha, Okla.), Vol. 95, No. 198, Ed. 1 Wednesday, August 20, 1986

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 20, 1986
Creator: Quinn, Jerry
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Grandview Tribune (Grandview, Tex.), Vol. 111, No. 47, Ed. 1 Friday, August 4, 2006 (open access)

The Grandview Tribune (Grandview, Tex.), Vol. 111, No. 47, Ed. 1 Friday, August 4, 2006

Weekly newspaper from Grandview, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 4, 2006
Creator: Beck-Adams, Candie
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Chickasha Daily Express (Chickasha, Okla.), Vol. 96, No. 202, Ed. 1 Monday, August 24, 1987 (open access)

Chickasha Daily Express (Chickasha, Okla.), Vol. 96, No. 202, Ed. 1 Monday, August 24, 1987

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 24, 1987
Creator: Drew, Charles C.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History