"The study of the toxicity of Ra and MsTh(Ra/sup 228/) in humans was continued. Several Thorotrast cases were also examined. Physical and clinical studies were made on 151 persons. In all cases possible gamma ray measurements were made of Ra and MsTh decay products retained in the body, alpha -ray measurements of Rn and Rn/sup 220/ in breath, a complete medical history was taken, a complete x-ray examination was made of the skeleton, and urinalysis, hematological, and blood chemistry studies were made."

Innes, Zemen, Frenkel, Borner and Wright (1962) described an outbreak of encephalitozoönosis of the central nervous system in mice, a summary of which is given below for an understanding of why this appendix may be of interest. When the paper was presented for publication, the editors of the journal decided to omit the history of our mouse colony. In our opinion, to understand (a) how this infection may have arisen and (b) may have spread, and still exist in some colonies, it is of prime importance to know the history of this strain of mice used by us (and others). It also has lessons on the establishment and maintenance of so-called "disease-free" or "specific pathogen-free"* colonies of laboratory animals in general. Information on the history of the mice has been culled from Col. H. Yager, VC, Director of the Division of Veterinary Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Medical Research, Washington, D. C., and from Drs, Clara Lynch and John B. Nelson, Rockefeller Institute, New York.

Abstract: Progress is reported in several areas of development of fueled graphite containing coated particles for nonurged gas-cooled reactor systems. The sol-gel process has been modified for making spherical particles of both thorium-uranium carbide and thorium-uranium oxide suitable for coating. Equipment has been assembled and methods have been developed for deposition of pyrolytic-carbon coating under well-controlled conditions. Damage to coated particles during fabrication into a graphite matrix depends on the molding pressure and the volumetric content of coated particles. Vendor-supplied coated particles and fueled graphite spheres have been evaluated extensively in both in- and out-of-reactor tests. Duplex- and triplex-coasted particles have excellent fission-gas retention at 2050 degree F to burnups of 15 at. % burnup. Fueled graphite spheres containing coated particles have good irradiation performance, but the fission-gas release rates are somewhat higher than for unsupported coated particles. Fueled graphite spheres react with water vapor about as rapidly as do Speer Mod-2 and ATJ grades of graphite. The diffusion rates in pyrolytic carbon are the same for uranium, thorium, and protactinium. The diffusion rates in the direction parallel to the deposition plane are much higher than those in the perpendicular direction.

Report describing multiple terms that are relevant to reactor theory. The terms are broken up into seven categories that are listed on the second page of the report.

Abstract: Exposure of Sprague Dawley white rats to single doses of 900 kvp X radiation demonstrated a medium lethal dose of 600 r which was not markedly dependent upon sex, weight, or, in the case of females, stage of the estrous cycle at the time of irradiation. Deaths within 30 days were most frequent between the fourth and eighth, and between the tenth and fifteenth post- irradiation days, indicating the existence of at least two processes leading to death in the "acute" period.

During the past five years, potentialities of space travel have greatly increased and new knowledge has become available regarding the nature of cosmic radiation. In the present article the knowledge pertinent to dose evaluation is reviewed for conditions of flight in space in the vicinity of the earth but away from the influence of its atmosphere or magnetic field. Certain properties of the heavy nuclei are also discussed as well as some of the available information on their actual biological effects. Development and completion of the new Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator allows extension of quantitative biological work with these particles. Finally, the statistical nature of the hazard from cosmic radiations and the limitations of space flight due to such rays are discussed.

A report about an experiment designed to determine the physiological effects of 10 biweekly injections of polonium in adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes.

Technical report on the activities of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Biology Division for the report period including a list of 346 publication and lectures and 205 short articles by members of the division on their research and activities.

This technical report is based on a a paper presented in October 1955 before the Symposium of the American Society for Metals held at Philadelphia. This is by no means an exhaustive review; selection of the material discussed was made according to the author's interests. Some of the work reported here was assisted by the Office of naval Research and the Atomic Energy Commission through contracts with the Ohio State University Research Foundation.

The case history and autopsy finding are presented for a case of cytomegalic inclusion disease in the salivary glad of a 5-month-old male infant. The relation of viruses to cytomegalic inclusion disease is discussed briefly. The etiologic factors in obstruction of the superior vena cava in a group of cases that came to necropsy are discussed.

This report brings together an extensive accumulation of material replacement (danger coefficient) data for the various oralloy critical assemblies at Pajarito. Corresponding values of effective absorption and transport cross sections are derived. In certain favorable cases, inelastic scattering contributions to the effective absorption cross sections are estimated. Special applications of material replacement data include computation of the relationship between oralloy critical mass and concentration of a diluent and hydrogen isotopic analysis of heavy water and heavy polythene.

The new and as yet unsolved problems introduced by the production of large quantities of fission products and radioactive isotopes from fission or neutron capture present mankind a most complex technical, economic, and political problem. On one hand, the possibility of using the fission process to produce energy from an unexploited and abundant natural source is emerging from large programs of research and development. We are also beginning to see the promise of use of particulate and electromagnetic radiation for the good of man. On the other hand, we are presented with the problem of controlling the dangerous products of fission for periods of time measured in terms of many hundreds of years, periods longer than the effective tenure of any political state in history. We must not only devise ways of protecting ourselves in the present and for our lifetime but, in addition, we must establish the basic technical, social, and administrative control of vast quantities of artificial radioactivity that must remain effective for at least ten to twenty lifetimes.

Quarterly summary report of studies conducted through the Radiation Laboratory, University of California. Some results reported in the report may be of a preliminary or incomplete nature.

Progress report includes reports on (1) The isolation of pyrimidine deoxynucleotides from the acid-soluble fraction of thymus; (2) Non-specific protective effect of small lead shields against the lethal effects of whole body irradiation in the rat; (3) Strain differences in response to whole body irradiation and shielding procedures in the rat; (4) Renal clearance procedures in an evaluation of the effects of X-irradiation on renal function in a rat. A preliminary report; (5) The plasma erythropoietic stimulating factor. Observations on circulation erythrocytes and bone marrow of rats receiving protein-free extracts of rabbit plasma; (6)Additional observations on the plasma erythropoietic stimulating factor; (7) Studies on Trichinella Spiralia, VI-IX. (8) Effect of gamma radiation on infectivity of ascaris eggs. (9) Preliminary report of studies on taeniasis. (10) Studies on the role of labile humoral factors in irradiation injury. (11) Services of the Radiation Physics Unit. (12) Biological and physical effects of low energy monochromatic X-rays.

The following document is a compilation of quarterly reports from August 1946 to November of 1947 from the Biology Division of the University of Chicago.

The objectives of this study have been to examine the problems of the pebble-bed reactor concept and to conceive a design of a facility for investigating the feasibility of this type of reactor. The design must provide for adequate leaktightness of the contaminated-gas system and adequate maintenance of contaminated components, the most vital feasibility questions of the concept.