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Early-time measurements of soft x-ray emission in an omega-upgrade laser-produced plasma. Semi-annual report, October 1, 1996--March 31, 1997
Beginning in January 1997 (following arrival of the FY-97 funding) we have been preparing for our first series of experiments under this grant at the University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) on the Omega Upgrade laser facility, now scheduled to commence June 2, 1997. For these experiments we have purchased (just arrived) a four-channel gated-stripline microchannel plate (MCP) detector to be coupled to our soft x-ray flat-field grazing incidence spectrograph used previously at LLE. This will permit time-resolved `snapshots` of the complete spectra with a resolution to times as short as 180 ps per strip. An advantage of this technique over the streak camera used previously is the lack of any carbon absorbers such as in the thin plastic cathode required for the streak camera. This eliminates absorption in the 30-44 {angstrom} spectral region in which we are interested for intermediate-Z target materials such as Mg, Al and Si. An auxiliary turbomolecular-drag pump has also been installed in order to obtain the necessary vacuum for optimum MCP operation.
Date:
March 31, 1997
Creator:
Griem, H. R.; Elton, R. C. & Welch, B. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Los Alamos National Laboratory Transuranic Waste Retireval Project
This paper presents the status of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) project for remediation of transuranic (TRU) and TRU mixed waste from Pads 1, 2, and 4. Some of the TRU waste packages retrieved from Pad I are anticipated to be part of LANL`s initial inventory to be shipped to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in April 1998. The TRU Waste Inspectable Storage Project (TWISP) was initiated in February 1993 in response to the New Mexico Environment Department`s (NMED`s) Consent Agreement for Compliance Order, ``New Mexico Hazardous Waste Agreement (NMHWA) 93-03.`` The TWISP involves the recovery of approximately 16,865 TRU and TRU-mixed waste containers currently under earthen cover on Pads 1, 2, and 4 at Technical Area 54, Area G, and placement of that waste into inspectable storage. All waste will be moved into inspectable storage by September 30, 2003. Waste recovery and storage operations emphasize protection of worker safety, public health, and the environment.
Date:
February 1, 1997
Creator:
Montoya, G. M.; Christensen, D. V. & Stanford, A. R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The galactic dynamo, the helical force free field and the emissions of AGN
We present a theory relating the central galactic black hole (BH) formation to the galactic dynamo through an accretion disk. The associated AGN emissions and the collimated radio sources are then a result of the dynamo process. A unified theory of quasar and BL-Lac formation (hereafter AGN) starts with the collapse of damped Lyman-alpha clouds, presumably proto-galaxies, which then evolve to a central disk and black hole, (BH). An alpha - omega dynamo forms in this accretion disk where the augmentation of the poloidal field from the toroidal field depends upon star disk collisions. The winding number of the inner most orbit of the disk is so large, tilde 10 to the 11th power that the total gain of the dynamo is semi-infinite, and the original seed field of no consequence. The total magnetic flux produced is tilde 10000 times that of the galaxy, sufficient to explain the much larger flux of clusters. The semi-infinite gain of the dynamo implies that the field saturates at the dynamic stress so that most of the free energy of formation of the BH is carried off as magnetic energy in the form of a magnetic helix. The dissipation of this magnetic energy leads …
Date:
May 1, 1997
Creator:
Colgate, S. & Li, Hui
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
LDRD final report on chemical functionalization of oligo(hydrido)silanes, economically attractive routes to new photoresponsive materials
Metathesis-catalyzed polymerizations of primary silanes were performed to generate polysilanes suitable for functionalization with a variety of side groups. Modeling was employed to predict conformations and estimate electronic properties of candidate functionalized polysilanes. Chemical functionalization of oligo(hydrido)silanes with terminal {alpha}, {omega}-dienes under free radical conditions yielded highly crosslinked, nonporous polysilane networks. Ketone reduction with oligo(hydrido)silanes under free radical conditions led to novel poly(phenylalkoxysilanes). Free radical reduction of terminal alkenyl(alkoxy)silanes forms functionalized polysilanes which can be further transformed into sol-gel matrices with the polysilane functionality intact. These gels may be processed into nonporous xerogels or high surface area aerogels.
Date:
May 1, 1997
Creator:
Jamison, G. M.; Loy, D. A. & Curro, J. G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Flammability Assessment Methodology Program Phase I: Final Report
The Flammability Assessment Methodology Program (FAMP) was established to investigate the flammability of gas mixtures found in transuranic (TRU) waste containers. The FAMP results provide a basis for increasing the permissible concentrations of flammable volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in TRU waste containers. The FAMP results will be used to modify the ''Safety Analysis Report for the TRUPACT-II Shipping Package'' (TRUPACT-II SARP) upon acceptance of the methodology by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Implementation of the methodology would substantially increase the number of drums that can be shipped to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) without repackaging or treatment. Central to the program was experimental testing and modeling to predict the gas mixture lower explosive limit (MLEL) of gases observed in TRU waste containers. The experimental data supported selection of an MLEL model that was used in constructing screening limits for flammable VOC and flammable gas concentrations. The MLEL values predicted by the model for individual drums will be utilized to assess flammability for drums that do not meet the screening criteria. Finally, the predicted MLEL values will be used to derive acceptable gas generation rates, decay heat limits, and aspiration time requirements for drums that do not pass the screening limits. …
Date:
September 1, 1997
Creator:
Loehr, C. A.; Djordjevic, S. M.; Liekhus, K. J. & Connolly, M. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fast ignitor coupling physics
The Fast Ignitor is an alternate approach to ICF in which short pulse lasers are used to initiate burn at the surface of the compressed DT fuel. The aim is to avoid the need for careful central focussing of final shocks, and possibly to lower substantially the energy requirements for ignition. Ultimately, both goals may prove crucial to Stockpile Stewardship. For success with the Fast Ignitor, the laser energy must be efficiently deposited into megavolt electrons, which must, in turn, couple to the background ions within an alpha particle range. To understand this coupling, we have used ANTHEM plasma simulation code to model the transport of hot electrons generated by an intense ({ge} 3 x 10{sup 18} W/cm{sup 2}) short pulse 1.06 {mu}m laser into plasma targets over a broad range of densities (0.35 to 10{sup 4} x n{sub crit}). Ponderomotive effects are included as a force on the cold background and hot emission electrons of the form, F{sub h,c} = -({omega}{sup 2}{sub Ph,c}/2{omega}{sup 2}){del}I, in which I is the laser intensity and {omega}{sub p}{sup 2} = 4{pi}e{sup 2}n/m{sub 0}{gamma} with m{sub 0} the electron rest mass.
Date:
October 1, 1997
Creator:
Mason, R.J. & Tabak, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electrical resistance of superconducting cable splices
The electrical resistance of superconducting cable splices is known to be in the 10{sup -9} {Omega} range which to be measured conventionally would require the use of a micro voltmeter with a power supply capable of generating kilo Amperes plus a liquid helium cryostat with large power leads. Here we present a system for carrying on such measurements that requires besides the microvoltmeter a power supply capable of generating only up to 35 {Alpha} and a 152 mm diameter neck helium dewar using less than 25 liters per day after initial cool down. In this paper we describe the apparatus and present the data taken with it in its first use which for data acquisition used just a chart recorder. The method is based in making the splice in a loop of cable, inducing a current in it and measuring its decay time constant. Generating high currents in superconductors by induction is not a new technique but the use of the decay constant of currents generated this way for the determination of minute electrical resistance seems novel to the author. Unexpected details in the results will be discussed.
Date:
July 1, 1997
Creator:
Kuchnir, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Inertial confinement fusion target component fabrication and technology development support: Annual report, October 1, 1995--September 30, 1996
On December 30, 1990, the U.S. Department of Energy entered into a contract with General Atomics (GA) to be the Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) Target Component Fabrication and Technology Development Support contractor. In September 1995 this contract ended and a second contract was issued for us to continue this ICF target support work. This report documents the technical activities of the period October 1, 1995 through September 30, 1996. During this period, GA and our partners WJ Schafer Associates (WJSA) and Soane Technologies, Inc. (STI) were assigned 14 formal tasks in support of the Inertial Confinement Fusion program and its five laboratories. A portion of the effort on these tasks included providing direct {open_quotes}Onsite Support{close_quotes} at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and Sandia National Laboratory Albuquerque (SNLA). We fabricated and delivered over 800 gold-plated hohlraum mandrels to LLNL, LANL and SNLA. We produced nearly 1,200 glass and plastic target capsules for LLNL, LANL, SNLA and University of Rochester/Laboratory for Laser Energetics (UR/LLE). We also delivered over 100 flat foil targets for Naval Research Lab (NRL) and SNLA in FY96. This report describes these target fabrication activities and the target fabrication and characterization development activities that …
Date:
February 1, 1997
Creator:
Hoppe, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ozone chemiluminescent detection of olefins: Potential applications for real-time measurements of natural hydrocarbon emissions
A chemiluminescence analyzer has been constructed that takes advantage of the temperature dependence of the ozone-hydrocarbon reaction. When operated at a temperature of 170 C, the analyzer functions as a total nonmethane hydrocarbon analyzer with sensitivities 10--1,000 times better than a conventional FID. However, with operation at varying temperatures, the chemiluminescent signal reflects the differences in rates of reaction of the hydrocarbons with ozone. Preliminary studies at room temperature indicated that the relative rates of reaction of isoprene, {alpha}-pinene, {beta}-pinene, and limonene with ozone correlated with the observed chemiluminescence signal. When hydrocarbons are grouped in classes of similar structure, their rates of reaction with electrophilic atmospheric oxidants (e.g., OH, O{sub 3}, NO{sub 3}) can be correlated with each other. By varying the temperature of the reaction chamber, the chemiluminescence analyzer can be tuned to more reactive classes of hydrocarbons. Therefore, the chemiluminescence analyzer has the ability to determine atmospheric hydrocarbon concentrations as a function of class and will also provide a measure of the atmospheric reactivity of the hydrocarbons.
Date:
October 1, 1997
Creator:
Marley, N.A.; Gaffney, J.S. & Cunningham, M.M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characterization and leaching study of sludge from Melton Valley Storage Tank W-25
One of the greatest challenges facing the Department of Energy (DOE) is the remediation of the 100 million gallons of high-level and low-level radioactive waste in the underground storage tanks at its Hanford, Savannah River, Oak Ridge, Idaho, and Fernald sites. Bench-scale batch tests have been conducted with sludge from the Melton Valley Storage Tank (MVST) Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to evaluate separation processes for use in a comprehensive sludge-processing flow sheet for concentrating the radionuclides and reducing the volumes of storage tanks wastes for final disposal. This report discusses the hot cell apparatus, the characterization of the sludge, and the results obtained from a variety of basic and acidic leaching tests of samples of sludge. Approximately 5 L of sludge/supernate from MVST W-25 was retrieved and transferred to a stainless steel tank for mixing and storage in a hot cell. Samples were centrifuged to separate the sludge liquid and the sludge solids. Air-dried samples of sludge were analyzed to determine the concentrations of radionuclides, other metals, and anions. Based upon the air-dried weight, about 41% of the centrifuged, wet sludge solids was water. The major alpha-, gamma-, and beta-emitting radionuclides in the centrifuged, wet sludge solids …
Date:
August 1, 1997
Creator:
Collins, J. L.; Egan, B. Z.; Beahm, E. C.; Chase, C. W. & Anderson, K. K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Basic and Acidic Leaching of Sludge from Melton Valley Storage Tank W-25
Bench-scale leaching tests were conducted with samples of tank waste sludge from the Melton Valley Storage Tank (MVST) Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to evaluate separation technology processes for use in concentrating the radionuclides and reducing the volume of waste for final disposal. This paper discusses the hot cell apparatus, the characterization of the sludge, the leaching methodology, and the results obtained from a variety of basic and acidic leaching tests of samples of sludge at ambient temperature. Basic leaching tests were also conducted at 75 and 95 deg C. The major alpha-,gamma., and beta-emitting radionuclides in the centrifuged, wet sludge solids were {sup 137}Cs, {sup 60}Co, {sup 154}Eu, {sup 241}Am, {sup 244}Cm {sup 90}Sr, Pu, U, and Th. The other major metals (in addition to the U and Th) and anions were Na, Ca, Al, K, Mg, NO{sub 3}{sup -},CO{sub 3}{sup 2-}, OH{sup -}, and O{sup 2-} organic carbon content was 3.0 +/- 1.0%. The pH was 13. A surprising result was that about 93% of the {sup 137}Cs in the centrifuged, wet sludge solids was bound in the solids and could not be solubilized by basic leaching at ambient temperature and 75 deg C. However, the …
Date:
October 1997
Creator:
Collins, J. L.; Egan, B. Z.; Beahm, E. C.; Chase, C. W. & Anderson, K. K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
University Press (Beaumont, Tex.), Vol. 73, No. 48, Ed. 1 Wednesday, April 23, 1997
Semiweekly newspaper from Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas that includes local, national, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
April 23, 1997
Creator:
Pearson, Allen
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Wynnewood Gazette (Wynnewood, Okla.), Vol. 95, No. 14, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 10, 1997
Weekly newspaper from Wynnewood, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
July 10, 1997
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Rambler (Fort Worth, Tex.), Vol. 80, No. 14, Ed. 1 Wednesday, September 17, 1997
Weekly student newspaper from Texas Wesleyan University in Fort Worth, Texas that includes campus and local news along with advertising.
Date:
September 17, 1997
Creator:
Wood, Allison E.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Phase stability of transition metals and alloys
This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). This project was focused on resolving unexplained differences in calculated and measured phase transition pressures in transition metals. Part of the approach was to do new, higher accuracy calculations of transmission pressures for group 4B and group 6B metals. Theory indicates that the transition pressures for these baseline metals should change if alloyed with a d-electron donor metal, and calculations done using the Local Density Approximation (LDA) and the Virtual Crystal Approximation (VCA) indicate that this is true. Alloy systems were calculated for Ti, Zr and Hf based alloys with various solute concentrations. The second part of the program was to do new Diamond Anvil Cell (DAC) measurements to experimentally verify calculational results. Alloys were prepared for these systems with grain size suitable for Diamond Anvil Cell experiments. Experiments were done on pure Ti as well as Ti-V and Ti-Ta alloys. Measuring unambiguous transition pressures for these systems proved difficult, but a new technique developed yielded good results.
Date:
June 1, 1997
Creator:
Hixson, R.S.; Schiferl, D.; Wills, J.M. & Hill, M.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The J-TAC (Stephenville, Tex.), Vol. 154, No. 3, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 18, 1997
Weekly student newspaper from Tarleton State University in Stephenville, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
September 18, 1997
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Optimist (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 86, No. 27, Ed. 1, Wednesday, November 19, 1997
Weekly student newspaper from Abilene Christian University in Abilene, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
November 19, 1997
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Scouting, Volume 85, Number 4, September 1997
Bi-monthly publication of the Boy Scouts of America, written for Boy Scout leaders, officials, and others interested in the work of the Scouts. It includes articles about events and activities, updates from the national headquarters, topical columns and essays, and news from various chapters nationwide.
Date:
September 1997
Creator:
Boy Scouts of America
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
[Funeral Program for Ethel H. Marshall, September 12, 1997]
Funeral program for Sister Ethel H. Marshall. The funeral was held Friday, September 12, 1997 at Mt. Zion First Baptist Church, officiated by Reverend Claude W. Black, Jr. Funeral arrangements were made through Sutton-Sutton Mortuary and she was buried in Gates of Heaven Memorial Gardens in San Antonio, Texas.
Date:
September 12, 1997
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Pamphlet
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Howard Payne University Yellow Jacket (Brownwood, Tex.), Vol. 88, No. 11, Ed. 1, Thursday, November 20, 1997
Weekly student newspaper from Howard Payne University in Brownwood, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
November 20, 1997
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Oklahoma Daily (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 81, No. 126, Ed. 1 Tuesday, March 18, 1997
Student newspaper of the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
March 18, 1997
Creator:
Leonard, Christina
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
University Press (Beaumont, Tex.), Vol. 74, No. 16, Ed. 1 Friday, October 24, 1997
Semiweekly newspaper from Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas that includes local, national, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
October 24, 1997
Creator:
Andris, Tonya
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
University Press (Beaumont, Tex.), Vol. 74, No. 7, Ed. 1 Wednesday, September 24, 1997
Semiweekly newspaper from Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas that includes local, national, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
September 24, 1997
Creator:
Andris, Tonya
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
University Press (Beaumont, Tex.), Vol. 73, No. 46, Ed. 1 Wednesday, April 16, 1997
Semiweekly newspaper from Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas that includes local, national, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
April 16, 1997
Creator:
Pearson, Allen
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History