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Intramolecular condensation reactions of {alpha}, {omega}- bis(triethoxy-silyl)alkanes. Formation of cyclic disilsesquioxanes
Under acidic sol-gel polymerization conditions, 1,3-bis(triethoxysilyl)-propane (1) and 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)butane (2) were shown to preferentially form cyclic disilsesquioxanes 3 and 4 rather than the expected 1,3-propylene- and 1,4-butylene-bridged polysilsesquioxane gels. Formation of 3 and 4 is driven by a combination of an intramolecular cyclization to six and seven membered rings, and a pronounced reduction in reactivity under acidic conditions as a function of increasing degree of condensation. The ease with which these relatively unreactive cyclic monomers and dimers are formed (under acidic conditions) helps to explain the difficulties in forming gels from 1 and 2. The stability of cyclic disilsesquioxanes was confirmed withe the synthesis of 3 and 4 in gram quantities; the cyclic disilsesquioxanes react slowly to give tricyclic dimers containing a thermodynamically stable eight membered siloxane ring. Continued reactions were shown to perserve the cyclic structure, opening up the possibility of utilizing cyclic disilsesquioxanes as sol-gel monomers. Preliminary polymerization studies with these new, carbohydrate-like monomers revealed the formation of network poly(cyclic disilsesquioxanes) under acidic conditions and polymerization with ring-opening under basic conditions.
Date:
August 1, 1996
Creator:
Loy, Douglas A.; Carpenter, Joseph P.; Myers, Sharon A.; Assink, Roger A.; Small, James H.; Greaves, John et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
LLE 1995 annual report, October 1994--September 1995
The fiscal year ending September 1995 (FY95) concluded the third year of the cooperative agreement (DE-FC03-92SF19460) with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). This report summarizes research at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) and reports on the successful completion of the OMEGA Upgrade. Previous annual reports describe the OMEGA Upgrade design. The preliminary design for the system was complete in October 1989 and the detailed design started in October 1990. The original 24-beam OMEGA system was decommissioned in December 1992 as construction for the OMEGA Upgrade began. We discuss the initial performance results (p. 99) of the upgraded OMEGA laser system. All acceptance tests were completed, and we demonstrated that all 60 beams can irradiate a target with more energy and better beam balance than was required by DOE`s acceptance criteria. We are most proud that all program milestones were met or exceeded, and that the system was completed on time and on budget.
Date:
January 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Inertial confinement fusion target component fabrication and technology development support. Annual report, October 1, 1994--September 30, 1995
On December 30, 1990, the US Department of Energy entered into a contract with General Atomics (GA) to be the Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) Target Component Fabrication and Technology Development Support contractor. This report documents the technical activities of the period October 1, 1994 through September 30, 1995. During this period, GA was assigned 15 tasks in support of the Inertial Confinement Fusion program and its laboratories. A portion of the effort on these tasks included providing direct ``Onsite Support`` at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and Sandia National Laboratory Albuquerque (SNLA). The ICF program is anticipating experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) and the OMEGA Upgrade. Both facilities will require capsules containing layered D{sub 2} or deuterium-tritium (D-T) fuel. The authors are part of the National Cryogenic Target Program to create and demonstrate viable ways to generate and characterize cryogenic layers. Progress has been made on ways to both create viable layers and to characterize them. They continued engineering, assembly and testing of equipment for a cryogenic target handling system for University of Rochester`s Laboratory for Laser Energetics (UR/LLE) that will fill, transport, layer, and characterize targets filled with cryogenic fuel, and insert …
Date:
May 1, 1996
Creator:
Hoppe, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
LLE Review, Quarterly Report: Volume 67, April-June 1996
This volume contains articles detailing several nonlinear processes associated with lasers and their use, as well as an article describing the computer control systems necessary to maintain and operate a large laser system such as the 60-beam OMEGA laser. The specific topics discussed in this issue include stimulated scattering in laser plasmas, power exchange between interacting laser beams, charged particles interacting with a laser pulse, thermal equilibration of optically excited states, an overview of the laser control system software in OMEGA, and a technique for cancellation of the nonlinear phase accumulation in short-pulse lasers.
Date:
November 1, 1996
Creator:
Skeldon, Mark D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Waste-form development for conversion to portland cement at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Technical Area 55 (TA-55)
The process used at TA-55 to cement transuranic (TRU) waste has experienced several problems with the gypsum-based cement currently being used. Specifically, the waste form could not reliably pass the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) prohibition for free liquid and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) standard for chromium. This report describes the project to develop a portland cement-based waste form that ensures compliance to these standards, as well as other performance standards consisting of homogeneous mixing, moderate hydration temperature, timely initial set, and structural durability. Testing was conducted using the two most common waste streams requiring cementation as of February 1994, lean residue (LR)- and oxalate filtrate (OX)-based evaporator bottoms (EV). A formulation with a pH of 10.3 to 12.1 and a minimum cement-to-liquid (C/L) ratio of 0.80 kg/l for OX-based EV and 0.94 kg/L for LR-based EV was found to pass the performance standards chosen for this project. The implementation of the portland process should result in a yearly cost savings for raw materials of approximately $27,000 over the gypsum process.
Date:
October 1, 1996
Creator:
Veazey, G. W.; Schake, A. R.; Shalek, P. D.; Romero, D. A. & Smith, C. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Separation Science and Technology. Semiannual progress report, April 1993--September 1993
This document reports on the work done by the Separations Science and Technology Programs of the Chemical Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, in the period April-September 1993. This effort is mainly concerned with developing the TRUEX process for removing and concentrating actinides from acidic waste streams contaminated with transuranic (TRU) elements. The objectives of TRUEX processing are to recover valuable TRU elements and to lower disposal costs for the nonTRU waste product of the process. Other projects are underway with the objective of developing (1) evaporation technology for concentrating radioactive waste and product streams such as those generated by the TRUEX process, (2) treatment schemes for liquid wastes stored or being generated at Argonne, (3) a process based on sorbing modified TRUEX solvent on magnetic beads to be used for separation of contaminants from radioactive and hazardous waste streams, and (4) a process that uses low-enriched uranium targets for production of {sup 99}Mo for nuclear medicine uses.
Date:
January 1, 1996
Creator:
Vandegrift, G.F.; Chamberlain, D.B. & Conner, C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Transuranic waste characterization sampling and analysis methods manual. Revision 1
This Methods Manual provides a unified source of information on the sampling and analytical techniques that enable Department of Energy (DOE) facilities to comply with the requirements established in the current revision of the Transuranic Waste Characterization Quality Assurance Program Plan (QAPP) for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Transuranic (TRU) Waste Characterization Program (the Program) and the WIPP Waste Analysis Plan. This Methods Manual includes all of the testing, sampling, and analytical methodologies accepted by DOE for use in implementing the Program requirements specified in the QAPP and the WIPP Waste Analysis Plan. The procedures in this Methods Manual are comprehensive and detailed and are designed to provide the necessary guidance for the preparation of site-specific procedures. With some analytical methods, such as Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, the Methods Manual procedures may be used directly. With other methods, such as nondestructive characterization, the Methods Manual provides guidance rather than a step-by-step procedure. Sites must meet all of the specified quality control requirements of the applicable procedure. Each DOE site must document the details of the procedures it will use and demonstrate the efficacy of such procedures to the Manager, National TRU Program Waste Characterization, during Waste Characterization and Certification audits.
Date:
April 1, 1996
Creator:
Suermann, John F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High-mode-number ballooning modes in a heliotron/torsatron system: 2, Stability
In heliotron/torsantron systems that have a large Shafranov shift, the local magnetic shear is found to have no stabilizing effect on high-mode-number ballooning modes at the outer side of the torus, even in the region where the global shear is stellarator-like in nature. The disappearance of this stabilization, in combination with the compression of the flux surfaces at the outer side of the torus, leads at relatively low values of the plasma pressure to significant modifications of the stabilizing effect due to magnetic field-line bending on high-mode-number ballooning modes-specifically, that the field-line bending stabilization can be remarkably suppressed or enhanced. In an equilibrium that is slightly Mercier-unstable or completely Mercier-stable due to peaked pressure profiles, such as those used in standaxd stability calculations or observed in experiments on the Compact Helical System, high-mode-number ballooning modes are destabilized due to these modified stability effects, with their eigenfunctions highly localized along the field line. Highly localized mode structures such as these cause the ballooning mode eigenvalues {omega} {sup 2} to have a strong field line dependence through the strong dependence of the local magnetic curvature, such that the level surfaces of {omega} {sup 2} ({psi}, {theta} {sub k}, {alpha}), (<0) become spheroids …
Date:
May 1, 1996
Creator:
Nakajima, N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Light-cone quark model predictions for radiative meson decays
The authors investigate the radiative decays of pseudoscalar ({pi}, {Kappa}, {eta}, {eta}{prime}), vector ({rho}, {Kappa}{sup *}, {omega}, {phi}) and axial vector ({Alpha}{sub 1}) mesons using a simple relativistic constituent quark model. For both simplicity and relativity, they take advantage of the distinguished features in the light-cone quantization method; (1) the Fock-state expansion of meson wavefunctions are not contaminated by the vacuum fluctuation, (2) the problem of assigning quantum numbers J{sup PC} to mesons is circumvented by the Melosh transformation. Except the well-known constituent quark masses of (u,d,s) quarks and the spin-averaged meson masses, the only parameter in the model is the gaussian parameter Beta which determines the broadness (or sharpness) of radial wavefunction. Their overall predictions of pseudoscalar, vector and axial vector meson radiative decay processes are remarkably in a good agreement with the experimental data.
Date:
June 1, 1996
Creator:
Choi, H.M. & Ji, Chueng-Ryong
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Computational modeling of neoclassical and resistive MHD tearing modes in tokamaks
Numerical studies of the linear and nonlinear evolution of magnetic tearing type modes in three-dimensional toroidal geometry are presented. In addition to traditional resistive MHD effects, where the parameter {Delta}{prime} determines the stability properties, neoclassical effects have been included for the first time in such models. The inclusion of neoclassical physics introduces and additional free-energy source for the nonlinear formation of magnetic islands through the effects of a bootstrap current in Ohm`s law. The neoclassical tearing mode is demonstrated to be destabilized in plasmas which are otherwise {Delta}{prime} stable, albeit once an island width threshold is exceeded. The simulations are based on a set of neoclassical reduced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in three-dimensional toroidal geometry derived from the two-fluid equations in the limit of small inverse aspect ratio {epsilon} and low plasma pressure {beta} with neoclassical closures for the viscous force {del} {center_dot} {leftrightarrow}{pi}. The poloidal magnetic flux {psi}, the toroidal vorticity {omega}{sup {zeta}}, and the plasma pressure p are time advanced using the parallel projection of Ohm`s law, the toroidal projection of the curl of the momentum equation, and a pressure evolution equation with anisotropic pressure transport parallel to and across magnetic field lines. The equations are implemented in an …
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Gianakon, T.A.
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Infrared transient-liquid-phase joining of SCS-6/{beta}21S titanium matrix composite
Fiber-reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) are among the advanced materials being considered for use in the aerospace industry due to their light weight, high strength, and high modulus. A rapid infrared joining process has been developed for the joining of composites and advanced materials. Rapid infrared joining has been shown not to have many of the problems associated with conventional joining methods. Two models were utilized to predict the joint evolution and fiber reaction zone growth. TMC, 16-ply SCS-6/{beta}21S, has been successfully joined with total processing times of under 2 min utilizing the rapid infrared joining technique. The process utilizes a 50 C/sec ramping rate, 17-{micro}m Ti-15Cu-15Ni wt % filler material between the faying surfaces; a joining temperature of 1,100 C; and 120 sec of time to join the composite material. Joint shear strength testing of the rapid infrared joints at temperatures as high as 800 C has revealed no joint failures. Also, due to the rapid cooling of the process, no poststabilization of the matrix material is necessary to prevent the formation of a brittle omega phase during subsequent use of the TMC at intermediate temperatures, 270 to 430 C, for up to 20 h.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Blue, Craig A.; Sikka, Vinod K.; Blue, Randall A. & Lin, Ray Y.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A practical beryllium activation detector for measuring DD neutron yield from ICF targets
A neutron activation detector based on the reaction {sup 9}Be(n,{alpha}){sup 6}He({beta}{sup {minus}}){sup 6}Li has been designed which could potentially allow DD yield determinations within a few minutes after an ICF implosion or other pulsed neutron event with precision comparable to methods currently in use in ICF experiments. The detector is based on previous work, but has been redesigned to allow use in a reentrant tube less than six inches in diameter, and to increase detection efficiency. The detector consists of beryllium rods imbedded in plastic scintillator and coupled to a photomultiplier tube. Neutrons interact with the beryllium to produce {sup 6}He, which decays by emission of a {beta}{sup {minus}} particle with a maximum energy of 3.51 MeV with a half life of 808 ms. The {beta}{sup {minus}} particles are counted, and a neutron yield is determined for the total activity produced. The short half life of {sup 6}He will result in high specific activity and allow quick determination of the amount of {sup 6}He produced.
Date:
June 1, 1996
Creator:
Murphy, T. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Rattler (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 83, No. 3, Ed. 1 Wednesday, September 25, 1996
Biweekly student newspaper from St. Mary's University in San Antonio, Texas that includes campus news along with advertising.
Date:
September 25, 1996
Creator:
St. Mary's University (San Antonio, Tex.)
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Optimist (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 85, No. 13, Ed. 1, Wednesday, October 9, 1996
Weekly student newspaper from Abilene Christian University in Abilene, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
October 9, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Optimist (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 85, No. 2, Ed. 1, Wednesday, August 28, 1996
Weekly student newspaper from Abilene Christian University in Abilene, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
August 28, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
[Funeral Program for Lois Marie Tucker Murphy Fields, January 20, 1996]
Funeral program for Lois Marie Tucker Murphy Fields, born January 5, 1935 and died January 12, 1996. The funeral was held January 20, 1996 at Jacob Chapel United Methodist Church, officiated by Rev. Howard Mims and Rev. Sylvester E. Chase, Jr. The funeral arrangements were made through Sutton-Sutton Mortuary, Inc. and he was buried in Meadowlawn Memorial Park in San Antonio, Texas.
Date:
January 20, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Pamphlet
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Council Fire, Handbook of McMurry University, 1996-1997
The Council Fire is the student handbook of McMurry University in Abilene, Texas and includes information about the rules and regulations of the school as well as general information about student governance and campus life. This issue includes a calendar of events for the entire school year from August 2000 to August 2001.
Date:
1996
Creator:
McMurry University
Object Type:
Book
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Brand (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 83, No. 15, Ed. 1, Thursday, January 25, 1996
Weekly student newspaper from Hardin-Simmons University in Abilene, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
January 25, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The J-TAC (Stephenville, Tex.), Vol. 152, No. 10, Ed. 2 Thursday, November 7, 1996
Weekly student newspaper from Tarleton State University in Stephenville, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
November 7, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Brand (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 84, No. 4, Ed. 1, Friday, September 20, 1996
Weekly student newspaper from Hardin-Simmons University in Abilene, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
September 20, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Bronco, Yearbook of Hardin-Simmons University, 1996
Yearbook for Hardin-Simmons University in Abilene, Texas includes photos of and information about the university, student body, professors, and organizations.
Date:
1996
Creator:
Hardin-Simmons University
Object Type:
Yearbook
System:
The Portal to Texas History
War Whoop (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 73, No. 11, Ed. 1, Monday, February 19, 1996
Weekly student newspaper from McMurry University in Abilene, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
February 19, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
University Press (Beaumont, Tex.), Vol. 72, No. 40, Ed. 1 Friday, March 22, 1996
Semiweekly newspaper from Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas that includes local, national, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
March 22, 1996
Creator:
Harbin, Tracy
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Tribal and public involvement in the U.S. Department of Energy Mixed Waste Focus Area -- First quarter status report for the period ending December 31, 1995
The US Department of Energy (DOE) Mixed Waste Focus Area (MWFA) began operations in February 1995 to provide technologies for the design, construction, and operation of implementable mixed waste treatment systems as identified in DOE Site Treatment Plans of the Federal Facilities Compliance Act. Implementable mixed waste treatment systems means that they meet the MWFA success criteria and that potential barriers to implementing those treatment systems have been identified and eliminated through effective communications and meaningful involvement with regulators, stakeholders, and tribal governments. The Regulatory and External Liaison Product Area of the MWFA is responsible for ensuring that possible teaming arrangements are considered and integrated into the MWFA technology development and decision-making processes. The Tribal and Public Involvement Team of the MWFA Regulatory and External Liaison Product Area has initiated a variety of activities to facilitate tribal and stakeholder involvement within the MWFA. This document discusses the status of those activities as of the end of the first quarter of the 1996 fiscal year and describes applicable lessons learned and process improvements.
Date:
February 1996
Creator:
Owens, K. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library