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895 Matching Results
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Residential energy use to the Year 2000: a regional analysis
A previous ORNL report (ORNL/CON-13) evaluates the national energy and direct economic effects of implementing various residential energy conservation programs. This report evaluates the effects of these programs in each of the ten Federal regions. The programs considered are those proposed in the National Energy Plan: appliance efficiency targets, thermal standards for construction of new residences, and weatherization of existing housing units. Implementation of these programs might cut cumulative (1977-2000) national residential energy use by 41 QBtu. Relative energy savings are highest in Regions 7 and 8 (11 and 10% respectively, of their baselines) and smallest in Region 9 (7%). The net economic benefit to the nation's households of these three Federal programs is $21 billion. Benefits exceed costs in each region; the benefit/cost ratio ranges from a low of 1.4 in Region 10 to a high of 2.0 in Region 6. 21 tables, 8 figs, 19 refs., plus 10 p. computer printout.
Date:
November 1, 1977
Creator:
Hirst, E. & Kurish, J.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Petrology and Geochemistry of Boninite Series Volcanic Rocks,Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan
An Eocene submarine boninite series volcanic center isexposed on the island of Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan. Five rocktypes, boninite, bronzite andesite, dacite, quartz dacite, and rhyolite,were distinguished within the boninite volcanic sequence on the basis ofpetrographic and geochemical observations. Boninite lavas contain highmagnesium, nickel, and chromium contentsindicative of primitive melts,but have high silica contents relative to other mantle-derived magmas.All boninite series lavas contain very low incompatible elementconcentrations, and concentrations of high-field strength elements inprimitive boninite lavas are less than half of those found in depletedmid-ocean ridge basalts. Abundances of large-ion lithophile elements arerelatively high in boninite series lavas, similar to the enrichmentsobserved in many island arc lavas. Trends for both major and traceelement data suggest that the more evolved lavas of the boninite magmaseries were derived primarily through high-level fractionalcrystallization of boninite. Textural features, such as resorption andglomeroporphyrocrysts, and reverse chemical zonations suggest that magmamixing contributed to the development of the quartz dacitelavas.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Dobson, Patrick F.; Blank, Jennifer G.; Maruyama, Shigenori & Liou, J.G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Health and Safety Laboratory Environmental Quarterly Report: October 1, 1977, Appendix
Report that presents information regarding chemical and radioactive pollution in the world. This appendix includes a quarterly report of the deposition of strontium-90 and measurements of radionuclides and lead in surface air, milk, and tapwater. Includes a table of radionuclides.
Date:
October 1, 1977
Creator:
HASL (New York, N.Y.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Appendix to health and safety laboratory environmental quarterly. [Fallout /sup 90/Sr deposition at world sites and environmental transport to man, Pb content in surface air]
Tablulated data are presented on fallout /sup 90/Sr deposition at world land sites; radionuclides on Pb in surface air; and /sup 90/Sr content in samples of milk and drinking water.
Date:
October 1, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Production economics for hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol during the 1980--2000 period
Refinery hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol, the principal industrial hydrogen products, are now manufactured mainly by catalytic steam reforming of natural gas or some alternative light-hydrocarbon feed stock. Anticipated increases in the prices of hydrocarbons are expected to exceed those for coal, thus gradually increasing the incentive to use coal gasification as a source of industrial hydrogen during the 1980 to 2000 period. Although the investment in industrial hydrogen plants will exceed those for reforming by a factor of 2 or more, coal gasification will provide lower production costs (including 20%/y before tax return) for methanol manufacture in the early 1980's and for ammonia 5 years or so later. However, high costs for transporting coal to major refining centers will make it difficult to justify coal gasification for refinery hydrogen production during the 1980 to 2000 period. By the year 2000, 40 to 50% of the U.S. industrial hydrogen requirements will be provided by coal gasification thus conserving natural gas and light hydrocarbon feed stocks equivalent to about 600,000 B/D of crude oil. Electrolytic hydrogen production costs will be reduced by improved electrolysis technology such as the solid-polymer-electrolyte process. These improved processes will reduce electrolysis plant investments by a factor of …
Date:
April 1, 1977
Creator:
Corneil, H G; Heinzelmann, F J & Nicholson, E W.S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermodynamic representations of ammonia and isobutane
Tables of the thermodynamic properties of ammonia and isobutane are presented for the superheated vapor and the saturated liquid and vapor states. The properties were calculated using appropriate analytical pressure-volume-temperature (P-V-T) representations for the fluids in the regions described. The tables cover the approximate range of values of reduced temperatures up to 1.5 and reduced pressure up to 5.
Date:
May 1, 1977
Creator:
Milora, S. L. & Combs, S. K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Appendix to health and safety laboratory environmental quarterly. [Tabulated data on fallout radioactivity in environment]
Data are tabulated on: the content of /sup 90/Sr and /sup 89/Sr in monthly deposition at monitoring sites in the USA and other locations throughout the world; the content of /sup 90/Sr in milk samples collected in New York City; the content of /sup 137/Cs and /sup 90/Sr in samples of drinking water collected in New York City; and the content of fallout radionuclides and lead in samples of surface air collected at various world sites during 1976. (CH)
Date:
April 1, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Silicon Materials Task of the Low Cost Solar Array Project (Phase II). Ninth quarterly report, October 1--December 31, 1977
It was proposed to investigate and define the effects of various processes, contaminants and process-contaminant interactions in the performance of terrestrial solar cells. The major effort has been in the areas of crystal growth and thermal processing, comparison of impurity effects in low and high resistivity silicon, modeling the behavior of p-type ingots containing Mo and C, and, quantitative analysis of bulk lifetime and junction degradation effects in contaminated solar cells. The lifetime of uncontaminated silicon was mesured as a function of heat treatment temperature (200 to 1200/sup 0/C). The performance of solar cells fabricated on silicon web crystals grown from melts containing about 10/sup 18/cm/sup -3/ of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Ti and V, respectively, were measured. Deep level spectroscopy of metal-contaminated ingots has been employed to determine the level and density of recombination centers due to Ti, V, Ni, and Cr.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Hopkins, R. H.; Davis, J. R.; Blais, P. D.; Rohatgi, A.; Rai-Choudhury, P.; Hanes, M. H. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Appendix to Health and Safety Laboratory environmental quarterly, September 1, 1976--December 1, 1976
Separate abstracts were prepared for three sections of this report.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Appendix to Health and Safety Laboratory environmental quarterly report. [Fallout radionuclides deposited and in surface air at various world sites; /sup 137/Cs and /sup 90/Sr in milk and drinking water in New York City; and stable Pb in surface air]
Tabulated data are presented on the deposition of fallout /sup 89/Sr and /sup 90/Sr at various world land sites through 1976; the ..gamma.. spectra and content of /sup 7/Be, /sup 95/Zr, /sup 137/Cs, /sup 144/Ce, /sup 90/Sr, /sup 210/Pb, /sup 238/Pu, /sup 239/Pu, and stable Pb in samples of surface air collected during 1966 at various world sites; and the content of fallout /sup 137/Cs and /sup 90/Sr in samples of drinking water and milk collected in New York City through 1976. (CH)
Date:
July 1, 1977
Creator:
Hardy, E. P. Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Central receiver power plant: an environmental, ecological, and socioeconomic analysis
The technical details of the central receiver design are reviewed. Socio-economic questions are considered including: market penetration, air industrial sector model, demands on industry, employment, effluents associated with manufacture of components, strains due to intensive construction, water requirements, and land requirements. The ecological effects in the vicinity of the central receiver plant site are dealt with, with emphasis on effects on land surface, mammals, and reptiles and amphibians. Climatological considerations are reviewed including: desert types, effects of surface albedo modification, effects of aerosols, effects on evaporation rates, the heliostat canopy, effects on turbulent transfer rates, effects on the wind profile, a model of convection about a central receiver plant, and a global scenario. Drawings of heliostat and plant design are included in appendices. (MHR)
Date:
June 1, 1977
Creator:
Davison, M. & Grether, D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Texas Register, Volume 2, Number 79, Pages 3853-3916, October 11, 1977
A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.
Date:
October 11, 1977
Creator:
Texas. Secretary of State.
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Energy utilization and environmental control technologies in the coal-electric cycle
This report presents an overview and assessment of the currently commercial and possible future technologies in the United States that are a part of the coal-electric cycle. From coal production to residual emissions control at the power plant stack, this report includes a brief history, current status and future assessment of each technology. It also includes a discussion, helpful for policy making decisions, of the process operation, environmental emission characteristics, market constraints and detailed cost estimates for each of these technologies, with primary emphasis on coal preparation, coal-electric generation and emissions control systems.
Date:
October 1, 1977
Creator:
Ferrell, G. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) test facilities study program. Final report. Volume II. Part A
Results are presented of an 8-month study to develop alternative non-site-specific OTEC facilities/platform requirements for an integrated OTEC Test Program which may include land and floating test facilities. The document, Volume II - Appendixes is bound in three parts (A, B, and C) which together comprise a compendium of the most significant detailed data developed during the study. Part A contains definitions, baseline revisions, test plans, and energy utilization sections.
Date:
January 17, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Silicon Materials Task of the Low Cost Solar Array Project (Phase II). Eighth quarterly report, July 1, 1977--September 30, 1977
The objective of Phase II of this program is to investigate the effects of various processes, metal contaminants, and contaminant-process interactions on the performance of terrestrial silicon solar cells so that purity requirements for a solar grade silicon can be delineated. The program approach consists in (1) the growth of doubly and multiply-doped silicon single crystals containing a baseline boron or phosphorus dopant and specific impurities which produce deep levels in the forbidden band gap, (2) assessment of these crystals by a battery of chemical, microstructural, electrical and solar cell tests, (3) correlation of the impurity kind and level with crystal quality and device performance, (4) delineation of the role of impurities and processing on subsequent silicon solar cell performance, and (5) determination of the combined effects of impurities and growth rate on the crystal quality and cell performance of silicon produced by both the dendritic web and Czochralski methods. The central thrust of activities this quarter was in three areas: the crystal growth of impurity-bearing ingots with different base doping types and concentrations; evaluation of the solar cell performance of n-base and p-base devices; and refinement of techniques for the analysis of solar cells subjected to various contaminants and …
Date:
December 1, 1977
Creator:
Hopkins, R. H.; Blais, P. D.; Davis, J. R.; Hanes, M. H.; Rai-Choudhury, P.; Rohatgi, A. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Training program for energy conservation in new-building construction. Volume IV. Energy conservation technology: advanced course for plan examiners
A Model Code for Energy Conservation in New Building Construction has been developed by those national organizations primarily concerned with the development and promulgation of model codes. The technical provisions are based on ASHRAE Standard 90-75 and are intended for use by state and local officials. This manual contains a more in-depth training in the review techniques and concepts required by the plan examiners and code officials in administering the code for conventional (buildings of 3 stories or less) construction.
Date:
December 1, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
LWR fuel recycle program quarterly progress report, April--June 1977
The LWR Fuel Recycle Program is designed to provide information needed by industry to close the back end of the commercial light water reactor (LWR) fuel cycle. Included in this program are activities in support of specific design studies as well as activities with more general application to fuel recycle technology: economic and environmental studies; spent fuel receipt and storage; head-end processes; off-gas treatment; purex process (solvent extraction); finishing processes; waste management; environmental effects; and general support. 11 figures, 7 tables. (DLC)
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Jarrett, J. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Program PRESTO: preparation of reference energy systems through time
PRESTO is an interactive computer program to provide a convenient framework for energy accounts to specify quantitatively the flows in the U.S. energy system over time, and to permit manipulation of their values while maintaining internal consistency. Then, once a scenario is defined, several of its attributes and implications are calculated (costs, total resource use, and environmental effects). It is based on the Reference Energy System methodology, a diagrammatic description of energy flows, but with the explicit incorporation of the time dimension. 2 figures, 5 tables.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Beardsworth, E & Goldstein, G
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SOLARSIM operations manual
SOLARSIM is a quantitative computer model which calculates, on a regional and national basis, domestic water and domestic space and water heating loads for single family detached dwellings. SOLARSIM is also capable of performing life-cycle cost analyses of solar space and water heating systems of various levels of intricacy. The main function of SOLARSIM, a solar energy financial incentive model for the applications of solar water heating and solar space and water heating, is to estimate the impacts of different economic and financial incentive scenarios designed to accelerate the market penetration of solar energy heating systems.
Date:
July 27, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Texas Register, Volume 2, Number 89, Pages 4395-4424, November 15, 1977
A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.
Date:
November 15, 1977
Creator:
Texas. Secretary of State.
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
1972 preliminary safety analysis report based on a conceptual design of a proposed repository in Kansas
This preliminary safety analysis report is based on a proposed Federal Repository at Lyons, Kansas, for receiving, handling, and depositing radioactive solid wastes in bedded salt during the remainder of this century. The safety analysis applies to a hypothetical site in central Kansas identical to the Lyons site, except that it is free of nearby salt solution-mining operations and bore holes that cannot be plugged to Repository specifications. This PSAR contains much information that also appears in the conceptual design report. Much of the geological-hydrological information was gathered in the Lyons area. This report is organized in 16 sections: considerations leading to the proposed Repository, design requirements and criteria, a description of the Lyons site and its environs, land improvements, support facilities, utilities, different impacts of Repository operations, safety analysis, design confirmation program, operational management, requirements for eventually decommissioning the facility, design criteria for protection from severe natural events, and the proposed program of experimental investigations. (DLC)
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Blomeke, J. O.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Environmental control implications of generating electric power from coal. 1977 technology status report. Appendix A (Part 2). Coal preparation and cleaning assessment study appendix
This report presents the results of integrating coal washability and coal reserves data obtained from the U.S. Bureau of Mines. Two computer programs were developed to match the appropriate entries in each data set and then merge the data into the form presented in this report. Approximately 18% of the total demonstrated coal reserves were matched with washability data. However, about 35% of the reserves that account for 80% of current production were successfully matched. Each computer printout specifies the location and size of the reserve, and then describes the coal with data on selected physical and chemical characteristics. Washability data are presented for three crush sizes (1.5 in., /sup 3///sub 8/ in., and 14 mesh) and several specific gravities. In each case, the percent recovery, Btu/lb, percent ash, percent sulfur, lb SO/sub 2//10/sup 6/ Btu, and reserves available at 1.2 lb SO/sub 2//10/sup 6/ Btu are given. The sources of the original data and the methods used in the integration are discussed briefly.
Date:
December 1, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy use in the marine transportation industry: Task II. Regulations and Tariffs. Final report, Volume III
The evaluation of the energy impacts of regulations and tariffs is structured around three sequential steps: identification of agencies and organizations that impact the commercial marine transportation industry; identification of existing or proposed regulations that were perceived to have a significant energy impact; and quantification of the energy impacts. Following the introductory chapter, Chapter II describes the regulatory structure of the commercial marine transportation industry and includes a description of the role of each organization and the legislative basis for their jurisdiction and an identification of major areas of regulation and those areas that have an energy impact. Chapters III through IX each address one of the 7 existing or proposed regulatory or legislative actions that have an energy impact. Energy impacts of the state of Washington's tanker regulations, of tanker segregated ballast requirements, of inland waterway user charges, of cargo pooling and service rationalization, of the availability of intermodal container transportation services, of capacity limitations at lock and dam 26 on the Mississippi River and the energy implications of the transportation alternatives available for the West Coast crude oil supplies are discussed. (MCW)
Date:
December 1, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coal in transition 1980--2000 demand considerations
The usefulness of the Brookhaven model, TESOM, lies in its exploration of the demand side of the energy system. Sectors where coal may be substituted for other energy forms are identified, and attractive technologies are highlighted. The results of the runs accord well with intuitive expectations. The increasing prices of oil and natural gas usually imply that (a) coal synthetics become increasingly attractive technologies, except in the High Demand and CRUNCH Cases (b) nuclear and hydro-electric generation are preferred technologies, (c) coal steam electric, even with expensive scrubbers, becomes more attractive than oil or gas steam electric by year 1990, (d) fluidized bed combustion for electricity generation is cost effective (with relatively small environmental impacts) when compared to oil, gas and coal steam electric. FBC process steam exhibits similar behavior. In the High Demand and CRUNCH scenarios, technologies such as solar electric, which are usually not chosen on the basis of cost, enter the solution because meeting demands has become extremely difficult. As the allowed coal expansion rate becomes a limiting factor, coal synthetics manufacturing becomes an unattractive alternative. This is due both to the need for coal electric generation to meet high electricity demand levels, and to the inefficiencies …
Date:
December 1, 1977
Creator:
Kydes, A S & Cherniavsky, E A
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library