Demographic and Socioeconomic factors related to the urbanization of Iran are discussed. An historical review of the growth of urbanization in Iran is reported. Factors included in the analysis are the birth, death, literacy, and mobility rates as well as the age-sex structure of the population. The data are from the national censuses of 1956 and 1966. Changes in demographic trends in both major and smaller cities during this decade are discussed in detail. The results of the analyses of these data are applicable to most developing countries. This information may be of possible aid in planning for the growth and redistribution of the Iranian population.

This study is intended, first, to describe and analyze the channels of distribution for food products in the State of Kuwait, second, to pinpoint the problems that exist in the food-distribution system, and, third, to make specific recommendations for the alleviation of the problems. Consistent with the objectives of the study and based on the description and analysis of the food-distribution system in the country, it is concluded in the study that Kuwait depends on imports for virtually all of its food; the government plays a major role in the food-distribution system; and the majority of food wholesaling and retailing establishments are small, inefficient, and lack modern marketing and physical distribution techniques. Product shortages and rising food prices plague the food-distribution system in the country. Also, the findings indicate that consumers in Kuwait are generally ignorant and uninformed in the areas of food nutrition and food shopping, and the lack of standardization and grading of food products makes the shopping task of the consumer more difficult.

The problem of this study is to determine the role of the administrative assistant in the public schools of Texas, as perceived by superintendents, and to compare the findings with recommendations which are found in the literature.

This study examines two methods of in-service preparation for teachers of adult reading. The first method, known as Developing Adult Reading in Texas (DART), uses single concept modules which deal with five specific components of the reading process. The components are Comprehension, Vocabulary, Motivation, Word-Attack Skills, and Diagnosis. The modules provide for teacher involvement and focus on one reading concept at a time. The second method is defined as non-focused reading instruction. Subjects receive information of a general nature concerning the same five components of a reading process. A lecture format is used.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether similarities exist in the perceptions of the roles of academic deans in community colleges. This study attempted to determine whether role expectations and perceptions reflected separate and distinct relationships, or if administrative patterns reflected an overlapping of responsibilities.

The primary problem with which this investigation is concerned was the assessment of the perceptions of lower-level administrators as to leadership styles they see to be in effect in their respective colleges and universities in Texas. The purposes of this investigation were to 1) identify the administrative leadership styles in effect, 2) determine the prevailing leadership styles among presidents and lower-level officers, 3) test the assumption that lower-level officers select leadership styles similar to those styles perceived to be descriptive of chief officers and other administrators, 4) determine if the type of institution (public/ private) is a factor in the choice of leadership styles, 5) determine if institutional size is a factor in the choice of leadership styles, 6) ascertain if age is a factor in the choice of leadership styles, 7) determine if educational level is a factor in the choice of leadership styles, 8) determine if institutional level is a factor in the choice of leadership styles, 9) ascertain if tenure in an administrative position is a factor in the choice of leadership styles, 10) determine if administrative position is a factor in the choice of leadership styles. Analysis of the findings revealed the most popular styles of …

The problem of this study was to analyze the effect of using electronic calculators in the teaching of the simplex method upon students' attitudes and achievement in mathematics.

Utilizing the debates of the German Reichstag, the proceedings of the SPD, the memoirs of the leading military and Marxist figures and the principal newspapers of the Second Reich and Weimar Republic, this dissertation attempts to show how the army chiefs and the socialist leaders of Germany altered their policies not only to promote their interests but also to protect the state.

The primary objective of this study is to gain a greater understanding of how the level and type of research and development expenditures are influenced by accounting measurement, if at all.

The purposes of this study are to determine the scope and nature of music programs in rural public community colleges in the United States; to determine the unique characteristics of the rural public community college music program when compared to music programs of the total population of two-year colleges; to propose criteria to serve as a basis for a music program at rural public community colleges and to recommend a music program for rural public community colleges based upon the proposed criteria.

This research was designed to study the transferability of American management skills to an underdeveloped country such as Pakistan. The contingency theory framework was used for the general design of the study.

The problem of this study was a comparison of the career interests, locus of control, attitude, and achievement scores of community college introduction to business "on-campus" students and "open-circuit instructional television" students. The "on-campus" sample included 102 students enrolled in traditionally taught "introduction to business" classes and the "open-circuit instructional television" sample included 279 students enrolled in the "introduction to business" telecourse offered for credit in four community colleges in a multi-campus district.

The problem was to survey and collect ideas on the use of improvisation as a teaching and learning tool in elementary piano instruction and to prescribe activities and exercises for second through fourth grade piano classes. These areas were examined: philosophies and theories influencing traditional instruction, effects of creative keyboard activities on children's musical development, specific teaching strategies using improvisation, evaluative procedures, and suitability of materials for young children. Data collected from published and unpublished materials were classified, and presented concerning the feasibility of using keyboard improvisation with early elementary children. It was found that suitable improvisational exercises allow the child to organize his perceptions into the basic concepts of music. Recommendations for teachers and researchers were made.

The purposes of this study are to describe the past and the present system of secondary education in Western Nigeria; to examine the goals, achievements, and failures with special consideration for three distinct periods: (1) prior to the arrival of the British people in Western Nigeria, (2) between 1842 and 1960, and (3) between 1960 and 1976; to formulate generalizations about secondary schools, and to offer suggestions for the improvement of the secondary educational system in Western Nigeria. One recommendation that the study makes calls for mass secondary education, not education of the elite only. The recommendations call for programs that would lead to industrial and technological progress.

The problem with which this investigation is concerned is whether relationships may exist between personality and type of offense in a felon population. The Eysenck Personality Inventory, which measures extraversion-introversion (E), neuroticism-stability (N), and includes a lie scale (L), was used to determine subject's personality traits. Offenses were divided into crimes against persons, crimes against property, and crimes against the morals of the state. Subjects consisted of 751 adult male felons. The product-moment correlation was computed for each offense-variable EPI pair. A negative association between E and crimes against persons, together with a positive association between L and crimes against persons, were found to be statistically significant at the 0.05 level, although quite low. It was concluded that results obtained should be guardedly interpreted in view of the minimal amount of variability accounted for, though of possible value in suggesting future research.

The purpose of this investigation is to examine the political factors which came into the creation and implementation of the Andean Foreign Investment Code. This study analyzes the political forces in the creation of the Code and examines the implementation of the Code in each of the Andean countries. This investigation concludes that although the Code has not been implemented uniformly in the Andean countries, it remains an important part of the Andean Common Market. In addition, the continual political consensus among the member countries is emphasized for the continuation of the Andean integration effort.

The problem with which this investigation is concerned is that of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the EPIC model as a guide to group counseling. The purposes of this study are to determine (1) whether group counseling using the EPIC model would result in positive gain in counsele's locus of control, (2) whether there would be a differential effect of group counseling using the EPIC model as compared with a traditional group counseling model or a control group. This report concludes that the EPIC model as a guide to group counseling is an effective means of increasing reliance on inner support, emotional stability and objectivity. The EPIC model also produces changes in assessed congruence of the various factors in the actual vs. ideal aspect of inter-intrapersonal functioning. The EPIC model facilitated the growth of internal locus of control.

This thesis examines and evaluates the questions involved in American arms sales to Iran and Egypt. The first two chapters outline the historical background and present detailed analyses of Iran's political situations prior to 1968 and United States policy toward it in that period of time. Chapter Three considers the American policies towards Egypt and the United States arms sales to that country. The main argument of the thesis appears in chapter Four which explains the objectives of Iran's government in buying American arms and the United States government's objectives in selling arms to Iran. Conclusions on the study comprise the fifth chapter.

This study investigated the effectiveness of three in—service training models in humanizing teachers' attitudes toward children. Each model was analyzed separately and then compared with each of the others. The purposes of this study were to determine whether teachers, after participating in one of three in-service models, would experience positive changes in attitudes toward children and would maintain these changes for at least three months. The findings of this study support the conclusion that none of the three in-service programs, as conducted in this study, were effective in changing teachers' attitudes. Possibly the in-service programs lacked cohesiveness and continuity owing to the time intervals between the four sessions. Another possible explanation for the ineffectiveness of the programs is found in the relatively short duration of the programs.

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the purposes, plans, activities, and programs of the National Education Association that focused upon instruction. To carry out this purpose, guideline questions were developed. Answers to the questions were sought through leads obtained from a study of the volumes of Addresses and Proceedings for the years since the first NTA meeting in 1857 through the 1976 NEA Convention and editions of the NEA Handbook from the first in 1945 through the 1976 edition. Findings were presented in a six-chapter historical-descriptive narrative. Although interest in instruction is not an exclusive concern held only by professional associations, the findings of this study do suggest that instruction has been a fortunate focus for the NEA in two respects. First, the times of NEA's more obvious emphasis on instruction have been relatively free of criticism of Association activity. Secondly, emphasis on instruction has emerged as a thread to unify the National Education Association with diverse organizations and with classic human institutions--the home, the church, the school, and governmental agencies--throughout the world.

The problem of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the note-test method and the traditional lecture method of teaching general introductory microbiology. The study was prompted by the desire to improve teaching strategies in microbiology in order to improve the attitudes of students taking microbiology at the Indiana College of Mortuary Science. The conclusions are that the note-test method of teaching is at least as effective as the traditional lecture method but is not better than the traditional method in regard to student achievement or student attitudes about the microbiology course to which they were assigned. Since the method requires less lecturing than the traditional lecture method used in this study, it may be used effectively by some instructors in certain subject matter areas and may hold promise in maintaining achievement and acceptable attitude levels.

The purpose of this study was to survey and evaluate the music programs in Seventh-day Adventist academies in the United States during the 19 75-76 school year. Data were collected by means of a survey form sent to all principals and music teachers in the eighty schools and a music achievement test administered to graduating seniors in twenty-eight randomly selected academies. Although most departments judged the music facilities to be adequate, library materials such as scores, filmstrips, and in-service resources were needed in the majority of schools. One-half of the music programs did not have listening facilities available for classroom use. Comparing achievement test results for graduating seniors in Adventist schools with those of the standardization sample revealed no significant differences. The null hypothesis was rejected, however, when comparing size of school, location of school, type of school (boarding or day), sex of the student, and amount of piano and instrumental experience.

The purposes of the study were to develop self-instructional materials for teaching selected business terms to college students, to determine the effect of using these materials as compared to the effect of using a lecture notebook teaching technique for instruction in business vocabulary and to no instruction in business vocabulary, and to compare the effect of using the lecture-notebook teaching technique to no instruction in business vocabulary. Four conclusions were drawn from the statistical findings from this experiment. (1) Specific instruction in business vocabulary by either of the two teaching approaches used in this experiment is more effective in increasing the business vocabulary of college business communications students than no instruction. (2) When total groups including all levels of business vocabulary knowledge are considered, the self-instructional materials are more effective than the lecture-notebook technique. (3) For students with a high initial knowledge of business vocabulary, one of these techniques is not more effective than the other. (4) The self-instructional materials used in this study are particularly effective for teaching business vocabulary to students who have a low initial knowledge of business vocabulary.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship among the following variables: occupational opportunities for women, career participation, percentage married by specific age groups, and fertility. The areal units of analysis are the one-hundred largest standard metropolitan statistical areas in the United States in 1970. The independent variables are occupational opportunities for women and career participation of women, and the dependent variables are percentage married by specific age groups and fertility. The objectives are (1) to substantiate earlier findings that there is a negative relationship between occupational opportunities for women and fertility, (2) to include career participation as one dimension of occupational opportunities for women, (3) to compare the relationship and predictive ability of occupational opportunities for women and career participation in terms of the dependent variables of percentage married by specific age groups during regression analysis in order to determine its influence on fertility, and (4) to test propositions concerning the assumption that female labor-force participation does not necessarily inhibit fertility. The findings of the study indicate that there is a negative correlation between occupational opportunities for women and the percentage married by specific age groups and a negative correlation between work opportunities and fertility. Specifically, female-median …