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This bibliography contains more than 1400 references dealing with field and laboratory research on potential toxicities and disturbances known or postulated to be caused by pollutants found in coal mine effluents. The first of the three sections into which the bibliography is divided contains a select list of published bibliographies and literature reviews. In the second section are references on mine drainage studies, general references on environmental pollutants, and references dealing with two or more specific parameters. The third section includes references for 40 parameters under individual parameter headings. The multi parameter references in the second section are therefore also listed in the third section under individual headings. An author index is also provided.

The objectives of this study were to determine if cadmium would induce chromosomal aberration, to determine if simultaneous aberration events occurred in somatic and germinal tissue, and to determine an estimated minimum exposure time required for significant chromosomal change. Bone marrow chromosome aberrations, specifically breaks and deletions, were found to increase after acute cadmium exposure both at MTD and normal exposure levels. Subacute exposure also resulted in increased occurrences of breaks, deletions, and despiralization. With longer in vivo exposure to cadmium, bone marrow cells continued to show increased numbers of breaks, as well as a physiological effect, despiralization, and more severe break-related aberrations; rearrangements and pulverization. In spermatocytes of the same animals, gaps, breaks, rearrangements, stickiness, and autosomal univalents were the principle aberrations. Correlation of bone marrow and spermatocyte aberrations indicated that in treated mice significant relationships existed for gaps, breaks, rearrangements, and stickiness in the tissues. An estimate of the minimum exposure time to produce chromosomal damage, based on the acute exposure experiment, would be 6 hours for bone marrow. This was confirmed by the exposure duration experiment. Spermatocytes also had chromosomal damage within 24 hours.

A bibliography containing 1,212 references is presented with its focus on the general problem of reducing human exposure to the radionuclides contained in the tailings from the milling of uranium ore. The references are divided into seven broad categories: uranium tailings pile (problems and perspectives), standards and philosophy, etiology of radiation effects, internal dosimetry and metabolism, environmental transport, background sources of tailings radionuclides, and large-area decontamination. (JSR)

The history of radiation protection before World War II is treated as a case study of interactions between science, medicine, and technology. The fundamental concerns include the following: are how medical and technical decisions with social impacts are made under conditions of uncertainty; how social pressures are brought to bear on the development of science, medicine, and technology; what it means for medicine or technology to be scientific; why professional groups seek international cooperation; and the roles various professionals and organizations play in controlling the harmful side effects of science, medicine, and technology. These questions are addressed in the specific context of protection from the biological effects of x-rays and radium in medical use.

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A listing is presented of the 297 articles from which the data in Part I were abstracted. These listings contain additional information on each of these articles: authors, title, abstract, closely related references, beam, momenta of experiment, target, etc. One also gives tables of the data as they appeared in the original articles. Systematic comments are made specifying how the final data were obtained; for example, mass cuts for resonance production cross sections, spectator momentum cuts, corrections for systematic biases, etc. This information, extracted from the papers, is given to aid the reader in his evaluation of the results and in any comparison with other experiments.

Combustion is the predominant end-process by which fossil fuels are converted to energy. Combustion, particularly when inefficient, is also the primary technological source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released into the environment. The need for liquid fuels to supply the transportation industry and for nonpolluting fuels for heat and power generation provide the incentive to commercialize processes to convert coal to substitute natural gas and oil. These processes represent a potentially massive new source of environmental PAHs. Insuring an adequate supply of energy with minimum impact on the environment and on health is one of the most important, urgent, and challenging goals currently facing science and technology. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon related carcinogenesis is among the most important of possible occupational- and environmental-health impacts of much of the current and projected national energy base. An understanding of the relationship of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to human cancer and a continued surveillance of energy sources for PAH content are necessary to minimize this impact.

The current status and coordination of efforts related to the eighteen environmental studies identified for the Geysers-Calistoga KGRA are reported. (MHR)

A list of reports on air pollution and health on file at the Girshich Library at Stanford University is presented. (ERB)

This research examines the basis of current hospital HVAC standards and determines if they can be relaxed on criteria that do not compromise the health, safety, and comfort of patients and staff and has acceptance of the health care community. Chapter 2 summarizes existing standards in use throughout the United States governing hospital ventilation systems and the thermal environment. Chapter 3 explores the role of air in hospital-acquired infections. Chapter 4 explores the realm of indoor air quality within the hospital. Chapter 5 contains a discussion concerning the influence of thermal factors on patient comfort. Chapter 6 discusses the hospital odor problem with regards to ventilation rates. The final chapter includes conclusions and recommendations developed from the literature review and from a small working conference sponsored by the University of Minnesota School of Public Health.

An in-progress assessment of nutrient chemical data (phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and silicate) from four potential OTEC sites (Puerto Rico, the Gulf of Mexico, Hawaii, and the South Atlantic) show reasonable comparison with archival data. At this time sufficient data is available only at the Tampa site (Gulf of Mexico) to discern seasonal variations which show an influx of nutrient-rich water in February, which decreases with time to a minimum in December. Results show a greater potential for stimulation of primary productivity at the Hawaii site than in the northern Gulf of Mexico due to the discharge of the cold water pipe into the photic zone.

An in-progress assessment of nutrient chemical data (phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and silicate) from four potential OTEC sites (Puerto Rico, the Gulf of Mexico, Hawaii, and the South Atlantic) show reasonable comparison with archival data. At this time sufficient data is available only at the Tampa site (Gulf of Mexico) to discern seasonal variations which show an influx of nutrient-rich water in February, which decreases with time to a minimum in December. Results show a greater potential for stimulation of primary productivity at the Hawaii site than in the northern Gulf of Mexico due to the discharge of the cold water pipe into the photic zone.

The Brookhaven National Laboratory Archive and Dissemination System (BNLADS) is designed to deal with the record keeping associated with archiving and disseminating sequential files through a computer network. This data base management system (DBMS) is implemented in a host language that is a subset of PL/I. The stored sequential files that can be dealt with by the BNLADS must be in character mode (ASCII, BCD, EBCDIC). The accessing of fields is specified by a format description which allows for forward processing of fields only. The structure of a case type statement allows for a data field determining a format sequence from a set of format sequences. A data description language (DDL) was devised to describe the accessing sequence of stored sequential files. A data model definition gives the user a view of the content of each stored sequential file. The DDL requires all field type references to contain the field name, so that the BNLADS can access all stored sequential files by logical field name and can write stored sequential files by stating the logical field name without the necessity of referring to formats. The BNLADS is architected in a stratified form in which the application programs are built on …

The state of seismograph networks and arrays is summarized and evaluated in the light of current and foreseeable needs of the users of seismological data. Recommendations are made to responsible government decision makers and public officials. 16 figures. (RWR)

The inelastic response of a beam to several time-varying moments is presented. The constitutive equations used to describe the beam material are due to Hart. This is one of several state variable theories of inelastic deformation that have been proposed recently. Hart's equations have been previously shown to accurately predict the response of uniaxial specimens to time-varying loads. It is seen that Hart's theory is able to qualitatively simulate various phenomena in creep and plasticity such as the effect of previous deformation history, yielding, strain recovery, material hardening and strain rate sensitivity in this case of bending of a beam. The computational scheme used to integrate the equations is very efficient.

FY78 results of the Wind Resource Analyses task of the ERAB are described. Initial steps were taken to acquire modern atmosphere models of near-surface wind flow and primary data sets used in previous studies of national and regional wind resources. Because numerous assumptions are necessary to interpret available data in terms of wind energy potential, conclusions of previous studies differ considerably. These data analyses may be improved by future SERI research. State-of-the-art atmosphere models are a necessary component of the SERI wind resource analyses capacity. However, these methods also need to be tested and verified in diverse applications. The primary data sets and principal features of the models are discussed.

Benzo(a)pyrene continues to be the most widely accepted indicator of PAH content and biological significance. The concentrations of BaP in synfuels related materials are summarized. Petroleum crude is estimated to contain approximately 1 ppM of BaP. Both shale- and coal-derived crudes contain approximately three times as much BaP. Depending on the source (coal, process, process conditions), coal-derived crude oils contain BaP ranging from the same amount as petroleum crudes to ten times as much. High boiling distillates and distillate residues are generally enriched in BaP content as should be expected. While enriched in BaP relative to petroleum crudes, coal-derived crude oils contain two to three times less BaP than do coal tar, coal tar pitch, and petroleum pitch. Mutagenic activity is observed in the PAH fractions containing three-ring PAHs to those containing PAHs greater than five rings in size. The specific activity tends to ''peak'' for the 4-ring and 5-ring fractions, i.e., those containing the most common (benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(c)phenanthrene, 3-methylcholanthrene, etc.) known carcinogens. Of particular interest is the observation that fractions corresponding to PAHs of 4-rings and larger contain constituents which do not require metabolic activation to express histidine reversion. It is also important to note that mutagenicity of the …

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Much of the social science literature on environment is of recent origin and represents the response of the social science research community to a complex societal problem in which technology is a major factor. Energy represents another such problem to which the social science research community is now turning its attention. Because energy problems and environment problems have some similarities and because energy-conversion processes have large effects on the environment, a review of the social science literature on environment was undertaken. The purposes of this review are as follows: (1) to study the possible utility in energy research of some of the concepts developed in social science research on the environment; (2) to study the possible utility in energy research of some of the methodologies utilized in social science research on the environment; and (3) to study the extent to which the results of social science research on the environment have contributed to the development of policy. The first two items above receive major attention in this preliminary literature survey. 50 references.

This report is about the state-of-the-art of the anaerobic fermentation processes for the conversion of cellulosic waste materials to chemicals and fuels.

The borehole WIPP-13 was drilled in the SW 1/4 section 17, T22S, R31E of eastern Eddy County during July and August, 1978, to investigate the nature of a resistivity anomaly. The stratigraphic section was normal, consisting of 13 feet of Quaternary deposits (including artificial fill for drill pad), 53 feet of the Triassic Santa Rosa Sandstone, 451 feet of Dewey Lake Red Beds, 269 feet of the Rustler Formation and 179 feet of the upper member of the Salado Formation. Consecutive cores were taken from 570 to 595, 656 to 729, and 827 to 878 feet. Cuttings were collected at 10-foot intervals throughout the rest of the hole. Geophysical logs were run to aid in interpretation of the stratigraphy. The WIPP is to demonstrate (through limited operations) disposal technology for transuranic (TRU) defense wastes. Eventual conversion of the facility to a repository for TRU defense wastes is anticipated. The WIPP will also provide research facilities for interactions between high-level waste and salt.