Article examines the rhetoric of written speeches by Choctaw leaders addressing Euro-American government officials in a post-contact era to determine the nature of the language used. Stephen P. Van Hoak argues that rather than indicating dependency, the Choctaws used self-abasing and respectful language to promote diplomacy and at times protest mistreatment.

Notes and Documents column including a short biographical sketch of Martha Royce Blaine, who was inducted into the Oklahoma Historians Hall of Fame in 2003.

For the Record section including the minutes of the regular quarterly board meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society that was held on February 19, 2003.

Quarterly publication containing articles, book reviews, photographs, illustrations, and other works documenting Oklahoma history and preservation.

Article discusses the impact of the 1939 novel, The Grapes of Wrath, on the reputation of the citizens of Oklahoma in the 1930s. After the discriminatory term "Okie" was adopted to refer to struggling migrant Oklahomans, government administration and civic leaders worked to change the way Oklahomans were viewed in the post-depression era.

Article covers the life and career of United States Indian Inspector for Indian Territory, J. George Wright, during the land allotment era. Kent Carter provides more detail on the connections Wright made with the Five Tribes as well as his political struggle with Tams Bixby over the position of Commissioner.

Quarterly publication containing articles, book reviews, photographs, illustrations, and other works documenting Oklahoma history and preservation.

Quarterly publication containing articles, book reviews, photographs, illustrations, and other works documenting Oklahoma history and preservation.

Article provides a comprehensive account of steamboating on the Upper Red River and the role of riverine navigation in the development of the state of Oklahoma.

Notes and Documents column including "Oklahoma Historians Hall of Fame: William T. Hagan," which provides a short biographical sketch of William T. Hagan, inductee into the Oklahoma Historians Hall of Fame in 2003.

Article follows the continuation of Ensign L. L. Culver's journey from its first part in the Winter 2002-03 issue of The Chronicles of Oklahoma. Brad Agnew describes Culver's service in the Scouts and Raiders, a joint army-navy unit that participated in World War II amphibious assaults, his military successes, and his return home with the conclusion of the war.

Quarterly publication containing articles, book reviews, photographs, illustrations, and other works documenting Oklahoma history and preservation.

For the Record section including the Minutes of the OHS Quarterly Board Meeting that was held on July 23, 2003.

Article introduces credible witness reports and documentary evidence, including construction specifications, to support the conclusion that Choctaw Chief Thomas LeFlore's house near Wheelock Mission was the structure built according to the 1830 Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, rather than the house located near Swink, Oklahoma.

For the Record section including the minutes of the regular quarterly board meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society that was held on October 23, 2002.

Article describes the efforts of early Methodist Episcopal missionaries to convert members of the Ponca tribe to the Methodist faith and renounce some of their traditional practices after government agents had reported a need for cultural assimilation. Mark van de Logt illuminates the negative bias held towards some Native American traditions and the reasoning of both the missionaries and the Poncas for their actions.

This article details the difficulties that settlers of the Cherokee Outlet faced and how they coped with adverse conditions. Many environmental and economic factors contributed to their success or failure, including a major drought on the Southern Plains that coincided with the opening of the Cherokee Outlet in 1893.

Article discusses the life and entrepreneurship of James J. McAlester, owner of McAlester's General Store, a prominent establishment in the Choctaw Nation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Linda C. English takes a closer look at the growth and change of the store through its records.

Article explores the many often-overlooked contributions and achievements of Oklahoma women during World War I. Women organized meetings to create movements to assist war efforts, worked outside the domestic sphere in various occupations, and became involved in industrial growth.

Article describes the Indian Peace Commission, an effort in the early 1870s by members of the Five Civilized Tribes to act as intermediaries between the United States and the Southern Plains tribes in an attempt to ease longstanding tensions.

Article describes the state of race relations in Oklahoma during the early 1900s through the examination of the trials, appeals, and execution of Will Johnson, a black man charged with the murder of an elderly white woman. Though African Americans held nearly equal status in the territorial period, the case's proceedings indicate the trial as a "benchmark" that indicated the switch to the rigidity of the Jim Crow era.

Article describes the history of capital punishment in the section of Indian Territory that was attached to Arkansas Territory for judicial purposes. After calling for the creation of a "resident court," a local court was finally established to give inhabitants of Indian Territory jurisdiction over crime in their area, and Von Russell Creel discusses the resulting cases in detail.