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Communication Quality in Information Systems Development: The Effect of Computer-Mediated Communication on Task-Oriented Problem Solving
The problem motivating this research is that ineffective communication may hamper systems development efforts. Specifically germane to this study are development efforts characterized as task-oriented, and which require information-sharing and problem-solving activities. This research problem motivated an analysis of the communication process and lead to the development of a temporal framework that delineates variables associated with task-oriented, end user/systems analyst communication interactions. Several variables within this framework are depicted in two theoretical models. The first model shows the theoretical relationship between an independent variable, communication mode (represented by asynchronous computer conferencing and face-to-face conferencing), and five dependent variables: (1) the amount of information shared, (2) the significance of the information shared, (3) the comprehensiveness of the information shared, (4) the perception of progress toward the goal, and (5) the perception of freedom to participate. The second model depicts the assumed interaction between communication mode, the five variables cited above (now acting as independent variables), and a dependent variable, communication quality. There are two theoretical components of communication quality: (1) deviation from an optimal set of user requirements, and (2) the degree of convergence (unity based on mutual understanding and mutual agreement) emanating from a communication interaction. Using the theoretical models …
Date:
May 1986
Creator:
Smith, Jill Yvonne
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Communication and Conflict in Marital Dyads: A Personal Construct Approach
A typology of marital dyads derived from Kelly's (1955) Personal Construct Psychology was used to investigate the communicative behaviors of married companions. Four groups based on Kelly's Commonality (dyadic similarity) and Sociality (dyadic understanding) corollaries were contrasted: similar-understanding, dissimilar-understanding, similar-misunderstanding, and dissimilar-misunderstanding couples. It was expected that dyadic understanding would contribute more to self-disclosure, cooperative involvement, and marital satisfaction than dyadic similarity. Furthermore, it was anticipated that couples high in understanding and low in similarity would represent optimally functioning couples, as evidenced by disclosure, satisfaction, and involvement with each other. Sixty-three married couples who had known each other at least two years completed questionnaire items assessing demographic variables, marital satisfaction (Dyadic Adjustment Scale) and self-reported communication behaviors (Partner Communication Inventory, Dyadic Disclosure Inventory). Each spouse also completed an 8 X 8 Repertory Grid and predicted the mate's responses on the Rep Grid. Subjects then participated in three different audio-taped discussion tasks (an informal conversation, a consensus decision-making task, and a role-played conflict-resolution scene) which were rated for avoidant, competitive, and cooperative responses, as well as overall self-disclosure. Although understanding facilitated disclosure in conflict situations and similarity fostered marital satisfaction, communicative behaviors generally reflected the joint influence of both similarity and …
Date:
August 1986
Creator:
Loos, Victor Eugene
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Construction of relativistic quantum theory: a progress report
We construct the particulate states of quantum physics using a recursive computer program that incorporates non-determinism by means of locally arbitrary choices. Quantum numbers and coupling constants arise from the construction via the unique 4-level combinatorial hierarchy. The construction defines indivisible quantum events with the requisite supraluminal correlations, yet does not allow supraluminal communication. Measurement criteria incorporate c, h-bar and m/sub p/ or (not ''and'') G, connected to laboratory events via finite particle number scattering theory and the counter paradigm. The resulting theory is discrete throughout, contains no infinities, and, as far as we have developed it, is in agreement with quantum mechanical and cosmological fact.
Date:
June 1, 1986
Creator:
Noyes, H. Pierre
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Theory of multiphoton ionization of atoms
A non-perturbative approach to the theory of multiphoton ionization is reviewed. Adiabatic Floquet theory is its first approximation. It explains qualitatively the energy and angular distribution of photoelectrons. In many-electron atoms it predicts collective and inner shell excitation. 14 refs.
Date:
March 1, 1986
Creator:
Szoeke, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Introduction to string field theory
An action is proposed for an interacting closed bosonic string. Our formalism relies heavily on ideas discussed by Witten for the open bosonic string. The gauge fixed quantum action for the fully interacting open bosonic string is obtained.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Lykken, J. & Raby, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Effects of a Computer-Assisted and Managed Learning Program on Test Outcomes in a Basic Communication Course
The problem of this investigation was concerned with the effects that a computer-assisted and managed learning program had on the test outcomes of college students enrolled in a basic communication course. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of participation in a computer-assisted and managed learning on the test outcomes of college students enrolled in a basic communication course. In order to facilitate the experiment, four hypotheses were formulated: 1. There will be significant differences in the posttest scores among the three groups. More specifically (a) the computer-assisted and managed learning (CAML) group will have significantly higher posttest scores than the teacher-assisted learning (TAL) group and the control group. 2. Computer apprehension will be significantly lower for students assigned to the CAML program, than students assigned to the TAL or control groups. 3. Computer complexity will be significantly lower for students assigned to the CAML group, than the students assigned to the TAL or control groups. 4. Computer utility will be significantly higher for students assigned to the CAML group, than students assigned to the TAL or control groups. Two experimental and one control group was used in the study. The experimental groups consisted of CAML (computer-assisted …
Date:
December 1986
Creator:
Sawyer, William Gregory
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Continuum Regularization of Quantum Field Theory
Possible nonperturbative continuum regularization schemes for quantum field theory are discussed which are based upon the Langevin equation of Parisi and Wu. Breit, Gupta and Zaks made the first proposal for new gauge invariant nonperturbative regularization. The scheme is based on smearing in the ''fifth-time'' of the Langevin equation. An analysis of their stochastic regularization scheme for the case of scalar electrodynamics with the standard covariant gauge fixing is given. Their scheme is shown to preserve the masslessness of the photon and the tensor structure of the photon vacuum polarization at the one-loop level. Although stochastic regularization is viable in one-loop electrodynamics, two difficulties arise which, in general, ruins the scheme. One problem is that the superficial quadratic divergences force a bottomless action for the noise. Another difficulty is that stochastic regularization by fifth-time smearing is incompatible with Zwanziger's gauge fixing, which is the only known nonperturbaive covariant gauge fixing for nonabelian gauge theories. Finally, a successful covariant derivative scheme is discussed which avoids the difficulties encountered with the earlier stochastic regularization by fifth-time smearing. For QCD the regularized formulation is manifestly Lorentz invariant, gauge invariant, ghost free and finite to all orders. A vanishing gluon mass is explicitly verified …
Date:
April 1, 1986
Creator:
Bern, Z.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gauge-fields and integrated quantum-classical theory
Physical situations in which quantum systems communicate continuously to their classically described environment are not covered by contemporary quantum theory, which requires a temporary separation of quantum degrees of freedom from classical ones. A generalization would be needed to cover these situations. An incomplete proposal is advanced for combining the quantum and classical degrees of freedom into a unified objective description. It is based on the use of certain quantum-classical structures of light that arise from gauge invariance to coordinate the quantum and classical degrees of freedom. Also discussed is the question of where experimenters should look to find phenomena pertaining to the quantum-classical connection. 17 refs.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Stapp, Henry P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mayer-Fermi Theory and the Long Sequences in the Periodic Table
Changes in the radial wave functions for d electrons which occur preceding the onset of the transition series of elements and for f electrons preceding the onset of the lanthanide and actinide series are examined. The sensitivity of the radial wave functions to variations in the effective potential is discussed, and the large variation in the radial wave functions between the LS terms of certain types of excited configurations in these regions of the periodic system is analyzed. Several examples of electron-impact ionization are explained by analyzing the effective potentials for the excited electrons in the intermediate autoionizing states. 46 refs., 18 figs. (WRF)
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Griffin, D. C.; Cowan, R. D. & Pindzola, M. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Systematic Statement of Mahatma Gandhi's Theory of Social Stratification
This study presents the major ideas of Mahatma Gandhi on social stratification and social inequality. The methodology consists of systematically reading and analyzing the literature through which the theoretical components of social stratification in Gandhi's writings become more explicit, and evaluating these theoretical components. A systematic statement of Gandhi's theory of social stratification included the following five components. First, social differentiation is inherent in human nature. Gandhi believed in the universality of social differentiations and was convinced that societies were organized into the divisions on the basis of vocations. Second, relations among strata imply that a division of labor is essential for the stability and organization of society. Gandhi also implied that this division of labor is necessary and functional. Third, normative patterns establish traditions of heredity. To Gandhi, the four divisions in society defined a person's "calling" which is essential for social organization. Fourth, the system of stratification is the universal law that everyone is obliged to follow. Gandhi tried to legitimize social stratification through moral and religious values of the society. Fifth, social stratification system defines duties only and does not confer any privileges. To Gandhi, the divisions of people into strata was the best possible adjustment of …
Date:
August 1986
Creator:
Vyas, Ashwin G.
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Policies and procedures of the Office of Technology Assessment : communication with Congress and the public
A manual for OTA employees, providing guidance for drafting proposals and reports. Includes standards and procedures for communicating with Congress.
Date:
February 1986
Creator:
United States. Office of Technology Assessment.
Object Type:
Book
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Theory of energetic trapped particle-induced resistive interchange-ballooning modes
A theory describing the influence of energetic trapped particles on resistive interchange-ballooning modes in tokamaks is presented. It is shown that a population of hot particles trapped in the region of adverse curvature can resonantly interact with and destabilize the resistive interchange mode, which is stable in their absence because of favorable average curvature. The mode is different from the usual resistive interchange mode not only in its destabilization mechanism, but also in that it has a real component to its frequency comparable to the precessional drift frequency of the rapidly circulating energetic species. Corresponding growth rate and threshold conditions for this trapped-particle-driven instability are derived and finite banana width effects are shown to have a stabilizing effect on the mode. Finally, the ballooning/tearing dispersion relation is generalized to include hot particles, so that both the ideal and the resistive modes are derivable in the appropriate limits. 23 refs., 7 figs.
Date:
February 1, 1986
Creator:
Biglari, H. & Chen, L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Theory and simulation of emittance, space charge and electron pressure effects on focusing of neutralized ion beams
We investigate the final focus mode characterized by warm comoving electrons and vacuum propagation. In particular, we extend a previous envelope equation analysis of ion focusing in this mode to include the effects of ion emittance as well as ion space charge and initial electron temperature. Our major result is a simple equation relating initial R/sub o/ and final R/sub f/ beam radii to ion emittance epsilon and perveance K and electron Debye length lambda/sub D/ which is supported by one dimensional, electrostatic, particle-in-cell simulations of radial ion focusing. Finally, we use this equation to find the allowed temperature of neutralizing electrons for typical Heavy Ion Fusion reactor and High Temperature Experiment scenarios.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Lemons, Don S. & Jones, Michael E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Theory and Application of Expert Systems in Emergency Management Operations
Abstract: The First Symposium on The Theory and Application of Expert Systems in Emergency Management, held at the Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (April 24 and 25, 1985) was funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and organized by the National Bureau of Standards' Operations Research Division. The purpose of the symposium was to bring together researchers in expert systems, artificial intelligence, and emergency operations in a forum to review the concepts of expert systems and the problems of emergency management, with the objective of determining how expert systems can be used to augment the experience of local, State and Federal emergency managers faced with the difficult tasks of determining the best response to an emergency situation. Speakers addressed the following areas: The theory and uncertainty aspects of expert systems, artificial intelligence's future role in emergency management, technology for building and using expert systems, emergency management decisions and information needs and uses, applications of expert systems in the management of chemical spills and shipboard and coal mine fires, and the role and use of simulation in emergency management expert systems.
Date:
November 1986
Creator:
Gass, Saul I. & Chapman, Robert E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Study Of Lu-Pitch Name Signification: A Translation with Commentary
The purpose of this thesis is to provide translation of documents on lu from two primary sources for a study of the theory of ,lu, with the main focus on the interpretation and the signification attached to each of the twelve lu-pitch names. To establish the background information of the lu-10 system, an explanation of its acoustical properties is first presented. Based on the most important and widely used tonal system in ancient China -- the san-fen-sun-i system, the illustration is provided for the process of tone generation. Methods proposed by the main theorists who engaged in the discussion of the system of lu are presented. The introduction of the concept of yin and yang in reference to the twelve lu and the signification of the lu-lu system in relation to the human and natural world will also be discussed. The main body of this study is devoted to the translation of written references on the meaning of the twelve lu. The first part is the translation of the selected passages from The Anthology of the Historical Document of Ancient Chinese Music. edited by Tsai-Ping Liang; the second part is the translation of a modern exegesis from an article written …
Date:
December 1986
Creator:
Tung, Anne An-Yi Lin
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Improving Communicative Competence: Validation of a Social Skills Training Workshop
The effectiveness of a social skills training workshop was assessed by comparing the rated competence of participants in an Interpersonal Skills Training Program (a 2-session, 12-hour workshop) to the rated competence of nonparticipants. This comparison was operationalized through a study design of the pre- and posttesting of 12 experimental and 22 control subjects. The assessment instruments used were Spitzberg's Conversational Skills Rating Scale (CSRS) and Curran's Simulated Social Interaction Test (SSIT). Two rating judges were utilized. Results, although modest, are in the expected direction. Measured competence on the CSRS failed to show significant improvement in the rated competence of the experimental group as compared to the rated competence of the control group. However, the SSIT did reveal significant improvement of the rated skill and anxiety of experimental subjects while the control group showed no significant improvement. In addition to assessing the effectiveness of the workshop, this study sought to find a positive correlation of the CSRS instrument to the SSIT instrument. As expected, the CSRS showed a positive correlation to the SSIT.
Date:
August 1986
Creator:
Dawson, Pamela J. (Pamela Jane)
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of Channel Condition on Information Recall
The problem of this experimental study is to determine to what extent visual information may dominate over audio information. Additionally, the experimental design addresses problems with previous research in this area and emphasizes simplified approaches to the study of channel condition effects. The study does not include investigations of learning theory or short-term memory, but processes of listening and long-term memory are incorporated into the design. A stimulus of sound effects and slides was utilized in one audio and two audio-visual channel conditions, and results showed a high recall among all subjects in all three conditions. The study concludes that channel condition has little effect at low levels of information.
Date:
August 1986
Creator:
Cook, Jay Scott
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Weak interactions from 1950-1960: a quantitative bibliometric study of the formation of a field
A quantitative technique is illustrated which uses publication statistics from a bibliography of citations in the area of weak interactions to provide a view of trends and patterns in the development of the field during the period from 1950 to 1960. An overview is given of what the physicists working in weak interactions during this period were doing as indicated by an analysis of the subjects of their papers. The dominant problems and concerns are discussed. Focus is then turned to the events surrounding the emergence of the tau/theta particle puzzle, the discovery of parity nonconservation, and the resolution offered by the V-A theory. Displaying the data from the citation index in unusual ways highlights dominant issues of the period, especially the close relationship between theory and experiment in the latter half of the decade. 64 refs., 14 figs. (LEW)
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
White, D.H. & Sullivan, D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Access to Japanese Technical Literature: Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Selected Presentations, Volume 1
Abstract: On June 24-25, 1985, NBS and IEEE cosponsored a seminar at NBS to examine the need fox improved access to Japanese technical information and to explore possible app. aches to satisfy those needs. To limit the discussion to practical dimensions, the technical subject matter was restricted to electrical and electronics engineering. The program was designed to provide an opportunity for individuals representing Congress, the practicing engineering community, industry, and the educational community to voice their concerns and their needs. This proceedings volume contains selected presentations made at the seminar plus the visual aids used by each speaker.
Date:
January 1986
Creator:
Brady, Edward L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ideas About Adult Learning in Fifth and Fourth Century B.C. Athens
The problem of this study was to determine to what extent contemporary adult education theory has similarities to and origins in ancient Athenian ideas about education. The methodology used in the study combined hermeneutics and the critical theory of Jurgen Habermas. Primary sources incuded Aristotle, Plato, Aristophanes, and Diogenes Laertius; secondary sources included Jaeger, Marrou, Dover, and Kennedy. In the analysis of Athenian adult education, three groups of adult educators were identified—the poets the sophists, and the philosophers. The poets were the traditional educators of the Greek people; their shared interest or way of perceiving the world emphasized the importance of community cohesion and health. In Athens in the mid-fifth century B.C., a new group of educators, the sophists, arose to fill a demand of adults for higher and adult education in the skills necessary to participate in the assembly and courts. The sophists emphasized a pragmatic human interest and taught the skill of rhetoric. Socrates and Plato created a new school of educators, the philosophers, who became vigorous ideological opponents of both the poets and the sophists. The philosophers exhibited a transcendental interest or approach to knowledge; the purpose of life was to improve the soul, and the preferred …
Date:
December 1986
Creator:
Hancock, Donald H. (Donald Hugh)
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mechanism of nuclear dissipation in fission and heavy-ion reactions
Recent advances in the theoretical understanding of nuclear dissipation at intermediate excitation energies are reviewed, with particular emphasis on a new surface-plus-window mechanism that involves interactions of either one or two nucleons with the moving nuclear surface and also, for dumbbell-like shapes encountered in fission and heavy-ion reactions, the transfer of nucleons through the window separating the two portions of the system. This novel dissipation mechanism provides a unified macroscopic description of such diverse phenomena as widths of isoscalar giant quadrupole and giant octupole resonances, mean fission-fragment kinetic energies and excitation energies, dynamical thresholds for compound-nucleus formation, enhancement in neutron emission prior to fission, and widths of mass and charge distributions in deep-inelastic heavy-ion reactions. 41 refs., 8 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Nix, J. R. & Sierk, A. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Summary of the heavy ion physics sessions at Lake Louise
The intersections between particle and nuclear physics are discussed. Two subcategories of research are discussed. The first is the study of different phases of nuclear matter. This typically refers to understanding the nuclear equation of state from low baryon densities and temperatures (where a liquid-gas phase transition should occur) to the high densities and temperatures where the onset of deconfinement of quarks in nuclear matter is predicted. Beyond this is the second region, that of the study of quark matter.
Date:
June 1, 1986
Creator:
Harris, J. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Atomic physics and non-equilibrium plasmas
Three lectures comprise the report. The lecture, Atomic Structure, is primarily theoretical and covers four topics: (1) Non-relativistic one-electron atom, (2) Relativistic one-electron atom, (3) Non-relativistic many-electron atom, and (4) Relativistic many-electron atom. The lecture, Radiative and Collisional Transitions, considers the problem of transitions between atomic states caused by interactions with radiation or other particles. The lecture, Ionization Balance: Spectral Line Shapes, discusses collisional and radiative transitions when ionization and recombination processes are included. 24 figs., 11 tabs.
Date:
April 25, 1986
Creator:
Weisheit, J.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Future directions and emerging techniques for ISOL systems
The current status and future promise of ISOL systems are discussed, with emphasis on newly conceived experimental capabilities and interests. In addition to studies of nuclear structure using traditional or new on-line approaches, such as on-line nuclear orientation, the possibilities for studies with accelerated radioactive beams that have direct application to basic problems in materials science and astrophysics as well as to nuclear theory are pointed out. 43 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
January 1, 1986
Creator:
Talbert Jr., W. L. & Bunker, M. E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library