Annual report of the Argonne National Laboratory Radiological and Environmental Research Division regarding activities related to molecular physics and chemistry. This report discusses a study on the physical properties and the chemical reactions of atmospheric constituents, with emphasis on the role of pollutants arising from the use of fossil fuels. Special effort is being placed on understanding nucleation phenomena through the study of the molecular properties of gas phase clusters.

The information contained in this document represents the brief but intensive efforts of the Oak Ridge TNS Program Team to answer the following questions: (1) Is there an adequate basis of R and D support for the TNS program as a central, ambitious goal for the fusion program. (2) What are the principal gaps in the current and projected R and D program. (3) What must be done to permit operation of TNS in the mid 1980s. The findings of our preliminary study provide these answers to the questions: (1) The physics and technology base does exist from which to start the TNS design as a central fusion program goal. (2) We have specific recommendations for new emphasis in certain physics and technology areas to minimize R and D program gaps. (3) TNS conceptual design must be started now, and a close look at organizing the fusion program around a TNS project is an essential need to support operation in the mid 1980s.

Compilation of papers presented at the annual Faculty Forum representing the research and scholarship of Midwestern State University faculty members.

Separate abstracts were prepared for each of the 8 included sections. (MOW)

The Magnetics and Superconductivity Section has the responsibility for developing superconducting magnet systems for tokamak fusion machines. This is being accomplished by carrying out those research and development needs which will provide the physics understanding and engineering data necessary to design, fabricate, and test large toroidal field (TF) and poloidal field (PF) coils. This information, in addition, supports the Large Coil Program (LCP). A number of design projects have been performed, some in support of other programs and some of a continuing nature. These efforts support the goals and requirements for both the TF and PF magnet systems. Examples are the magnet designs for the EPR, Demo, EBTR, EBT-II, and preliminary scoping for the INS project. The principal effort was expended on the iteration of the EPR Reference Design. Three features of the original reference design--the honeycomb coil structure, the oval coil shape, and the forced-flow cooling of the conductor by supercritical helium--remain as key features of the TF coils. Considerable progress has been made in the theoretical understanding of forced-flow-cooled conductors, and optimized designs with maximum stability margin can be designed to meet specific applications. Experiments which will test the theory are in progress.

Annual report of the Argonne National Laboratory Radiological and Environmental Research Division regarding activities related to molecular physics and chemistry. This report discusses studies on electron collisions with molecules, photo-absorption and its consequences such as photo-electron emission, and pertinent theories.

This report presents an overview and assessment of the currently commercial and possible future technologies in the United States that are a part of the coal-electric cycle. From coal production to residual emissions control at the power plant stack, this report includes a brief history, current status and future assessment of each technology. It also includes a discussion, helpful for policy making decisions, of the process operation, environmental emission characteristics, market constraints and detailed cost estimates for each of these technologies, with primary emphasis on coal preparation, coal-electric generation and emissions control systems.

Benchmark problems and their solutions are presented. The problems consist in calculating the static and dynamic response of selected piping structures subjected to a variety of loading conditions. The structures range from simple pipe geometries to a representative full scale primary nuclear piping system, which includes the various components and their supports. These structures are assumed to behave in a linear elastic fashion only, i.e., they experience small deformations and small displacements with no existing gaps, and remain elastic through their entire response. The solutions were obtained by using the program EPIPE, which is a modification of the widely available program SAP IV. A brief outline of the theoretical background of this program and its verification is also included.

A unique phonon progression in the phosphorescence spectrum of pyrene-PMDA (Py-PMDA) in naphthalene-PMDA (N-PMDA) is reported. Calculations of the electron-phonon coupling strength parameter for the ground and excited states indicate strong coupling for the fractional CT contribution of Py-PMDA to the observed phosphorescent state. Model calculations indicate that the observed low frequency phonon mode corresponds to a low energy rotation of the rigid guest complex and not a symmetric donor-acceptor stretch. The unusual reduction of the phonon mode frequency in the excited ground state is explained in terms of a contracted complex that can more easily rotate in a larger cavity. A brief phonon progression is also observed for the mixed crystal A-PMDA in N-PMDA. For both mixed crystals, Py-PMDA in N-PMDA and A-PMDA in N-PMDA, the energy spacing between the zero-phonon vibrational bands in the mixed CT crystal phosphorescence spectrum are very similar to those obtained from the phosphorescence spectrum of the pure donor in a rigid matrix. There is a large blue shift between the origin band of the mixed CT crystal phosphorescence spectrum and the origin band of the pure donor phosphorescence spectrum for the A-PMDA mixed crystal, but not for the Py-PMDA mixed crystal. The structureless …

Photoemission energy distribution experiments on clean metal and adsorbate-covered surfaces were performed under ultrahigh vacuum conditions by using x-ray and ultraviolet photon sources in the laboratory as well as continuously-tunable, highly polarized synchrotron radiation obtainable at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). Studies focused on two general areas: cross-section modulation in the photoemission process was studied as a function of photon energy and orbital composition. Sharp decreases in intensity of the valence bands of several transition metals (i.e., Ag, Au, and Pt) are attributed to the radial nodes in the respective wave functions. Adsorbate photoemission studies of CO adsorbed on platinum single crystals have demonstrated a very high spectral sensitivity to the 4sigma and (1..pi.. + 5sigma) peaks of CO at photon energies of 150 eV. Angle-resolved photoemission allowed determination of the orientation of CO chemisorbed on a Pt (111) or Ni(111) surface. Prelinimary results at high photon energies (approximately 150 eV) indicated scattering from the substrate which could yield chemisorption site geometries.

Bibliography of unclassified work published by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory during 1972-1976. This volume contains listings of publications, organized by topic, with title, author, and citation information.

This report is an in-depth review and analysis of particulate control technologies applicable to coal-fired utility boilers. Sources and characteristics of fly ash, applicable emission regulations, and measurement techniques are also discussed. Available control technologies (electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, and wet scrubbers) are described in detail. In each case, the theory of operation, factors affecting performance, representative installations, costs, and secondary environmental impacts are analyzed. Techniques under development for improving the performance or extending the capabilities of existing technologies are described. Advanced alternative technologies now in the research stage are also evaluated.

Bibliography of unclassified work published by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory during 1972-1976. This volume contains indexes to authors, publication numbers, and keywords.

Available information pertinent to the treatment of geothermal brines was collected by literature search and then evaluated and summarized for use by the electric utility and geothermal industries. The information was screened from the geothermal, oil and gas, wastewater disposal, and boiler water treatment industries. The current state of knowledge and methodology concerning the treatment of geothermal brines to control scaling and corrosion in geothermal electric power production was assessed. Currently, geothermal scale in pipes and wells is removed by physical or chemical methods. There is a growing effort on developing methods to control scale formation for both fresh and spent brines, including pH adjustment and application of an electrical potential for fresh fluids, and coagulation to treat spent fluids. Current methods of corrosion control center around planned replacement of piping and other plant components, with efforts focused primarily on development of materials with improved corrosion resistance. Recommendations for additional work to improve brine treatment include the following: (1) chemical and physical characterization of brine and scale compositions, (2) basic data on the mechanism of scale formation and the effects of inhibitors, (3) development of instrumentation to monitor geothermal brine constituents, (4) correlation of laboratory results with field test data, …

Molecular systems of chemical interest are investigated with the aid of molecular quantum theory. The self-consistent field (SCF) method is used to predict the molecular structures of ClF/sub 2/, ClF/sub 4/ and Cl/sub 3/ radicals, and the ions ClF/sub 2//sup +/, ClF/sub 2//sup -/, ClF/sub 4//sup +/ and ClF/sub 4//sup -/. The ClF/sub 2/ and Cl/sub 3/ radicals are predicted to be bent with bond angles of 145.2/sup 0/ and 158.6/sup 0/, respectively, while the ions ClF/sub 2//sup +/ and ClF/sub 2//sup -/ are predicted to be bent with a bond angle of 97.4/sup 0/ and linear, respectively. The geometry predictions for the ClF/sub 4/ radical and the ClF/sub 4//sup +/ ion are found to be notably basis set dependent. The ClF/sub 4//sup -/ ion is predicted to be square-planar. Multi-configuration self-consistent field (MCSCF) calculations have yielded the dipole moment function for the /sup 1/sigma/sup +/ state of HI, which qualitatively confirms the experimental finding that the dipole derivative at R/sub e/ is negative. The /sup 2/sigma/sup +/ F + H/sub 2/ potential energy surface is studied extensively with the configuration interaction (CI) method. The most complete calculations yield an activation energy of 2.74 kcal/mole and an exothermicity of 30.0 …

In an effort to determine the details of reaction mechanisms, kinetic parameters are obtained for the following two catalytic reactions, C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ + H/sub 2/ ..-->.. C/sub 2/H/sub 6/ and C/sub 2/H/sub 6/ + H/sub 2/ ..-->.. 2 CH/sub 4/. The first reaction is carried out, for the most part, under reaction conditions (e.g. 110-200 K) which prevent complications caused by a side reaction, the surface dehydrogenation of adsorbed ethylene. The second reaction is carried out at somewhat higher temperatures (80 to 200/sup 0/C). Both reactions are studied in the pressure range 0.5 to 1000 ..mu... Extensive isotope labeling experiments are also carried out, which together with the kinetic measurements support in a self-consistent way the following mechanisms of hydrogen addition. The adsorbed species C/sub 2/H/sub 5/(a) and H(a) are found to be intermediates in both the hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis reactions. In the case of the hydrogenation reaction, the rate limiting step is found to be the irreversible addition of an adsorbed hydrogen atom to an adsorbed ethylene molecule to produce C/sub 2/H/sub 5/(a) which is further hydrogenated to produce ethane. The hydrogenolysis occurs by dissociative adsorption of ethane to produce C/sub 2/H/sub 5/(a) and H(a). In this case …

A series of experiments was performed in which gamma-ray spectra were measured, using a Ge(Li) detector, for incident 7 to 26-MeV protons on the even-even vibrational nuclei /sup 56/Fe, /sup 62/Ni, /sup 64/Zn, /sup 108/Pd, /sup 110/Cd, /sup 114/Cd, /sup 116/Cd, /sup 116/Sn, /sup 120/Sn, and /sup 206/Pb, and for incident 14-MeV neutrons on natural Fe, Ni, Zn, Cd, Sn, and Pb. These measurements yielded gamma-ray cross sections from which it was inferred that almost all of the gamma cascades from (p,p') and (n,n') reactions passed down through the first 2/sup +/ levels. Consequently, the strength of the 2/sup +/ ..-->.. 0/sup +/ gamma transitions were found to be an indirect measure of the (p,p') or (n,n') cross sections. Several types of nuclear model calculations were performed and compared with experimental results. These calculations included coupled-channel calculations to reproduce the direct, collective excitation of the low-lying levels, and statistical plus pre-equilibrium model calculations to reproduce the (p,p') and the (n,n') cross sections for comparison with the 2/sup +/ ..-->.. 0/sup +/ gamma measurements. The agreement between calculation and experiment was generally good except at high energies, where pre-equilibrium processes dominate (i.e. around 26-MeV). Here discrepancies between calculations from the two …

This bibliography is a compilation of unclassified work done at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory and published during the years 1972 to 1976. Publications too late for inclusion in earlier compilations are also listed. Declassification of previously classified reports is considered to constitute publication. The bibliography includes LASL reports, journal articles, books, conference papers, papers published in congressional hearings, theses, patents, etc. The following subject areas are included: aerospace studies; analytical technology; astrophysics; atomic and molecular physics, equation of state, opacity; biology and medicine; chemical dynamics and kinetics; chemistry; cryogenics; crystallography; CTR and plasma physics; earth science and engineering; energy (nonnuclear); engineering and equipment; EPR, ESR, NMR studies; explosives and detonations; fission physics; health and safety; hydrodynamics and radiation transport; instruments; lasers; mathematics and computers; medium-energy physics; metallurgy and ceramics technology; neutronics and criticality studies; nuclear physics; nuclear safeguards; physics; reactor technology; solid state science; and miscellaneous (including Project Rover). (RWR)

This report evaluates the state of the art and effectiveness of physical coal cleaning as a potential strategy for controlling SO/sub x/ emissions in coal fired power generation. Coal properties which are significantly altered by physical coal cleaning were determined. The effects of the changes in properties as they relate to pulverized coal firing, fluidized bed combustion and low Btu gasification for combined cycle powered generation were studied. Available coal washability data were integrated by computer with U.S. coal reserve data. Approximately 18% of the demonstrated coal reserve were matched with washability data. Integrated data appear in the Appendix. Current coal preparation practices were reviewed. Future trends were determined. Five process flow sheets representing increasing levels of cleaning sophistication were prepared. The clean product from each flow sheet will meet U.S. EPA New Source Performance Standards. Capital and operating costs for each case were estimated. Environmental control technology and environmental impact associated with current coal preparation and cleaning operations were assessed. Physical coal cleaning is widely practiced today. Where applicable it represents the least expensive method of coal sulfur reduction. Developmental physical and chemical coal cleaning processes were studied. The chemical methods have the advantage of being able to remove …

Separate abstracts were prepared for the 41 papers presented at the conference. Abstracts of two papers have appeared in previous issues of Energy Research Abstracts. (HLW)

This report is the Saccharin review of the current issues

Monthly newsletter of the Texas State Securities Board documenting authorization for the sale of securities in the state, listing the permit date, information about the company, and total offering for each one. It also includes other notices or updates about policy changes and the agency's activities.

Monthly newsletter of the Texas State Securities Board documenting authorization for the sale of securities in the state, listing the permit date, information about the company, and total offering for each one. It also includes other notices or updates about policy changes and the agency's activities.

Two short (4 and 6 days) recording periods at The Geysers geothermal field provided useful data on two large refraction explosions and numerous microearthquakes. The vapor-dominated reservoir appears to be characterized by regionally anomalous high P- and S-wave velocities and low attenuation, but the anomaly seems to decrease, possibly reversing, with depth. Microearthquakes occur in a diffuse pattern, with no indication of dominant throughgoing faults and an absence of activity in the main production zone. Mechanisms are generally consistent with NE-SW compression. Occurrence rates indicate a slightly high incidence of smaller magnitude shocks. It is possible that the microearthquake activity is related to an expanding steam zone. While the present anomalies appear to delineate the reservoir, it is not certain that they would have been detectable in an exploration mode, prior to large-scale exploitation of the field.