Silicon-carbide refractories with various bond systems exposed to molten slag at 1500/sup 0/C for 500 h in Run 4 showed virtually no attack. The resistance of the silicon carbide to slag attack is attributed to large thermal fluxes induced by water-cooled chills applied to the cold faces. Magnesia-chromia refractories exposed to molten slag at 1500/sup 0/C for 500 h in Run 5 were somewhat less resistant to slag attack than the silicon-carbide refractories. In-situ erosive-wear measurements on the Bi-Gas A106B low-carbon steel main coal feed line were obtained during the present quarter, with initial indications of a nominal 5% wall-thickness reduction after approximately 200 h of exposure. Acoustic leak-detection tests were carried out at the Morgantown Energy Research Center Valve Test Facility. Uniaxial tensile data were generated on several specified alloys in an as-received condition at temperatures of 750, 871, and 982/sup 0/C. A generalized approach, based on thermodynamic equilibria of gas mixtures, has been developed to evaluate the chemical potentials of the reactive elements, i.e., O, S, C, H, and N in multicomponent gas streams. The results showed that the chemical potentials can be uniquely established by the total atomic ratios C/H, C/O, and C/S in the initial gas …

Twenty papers were included covering the Edna Delcambre Test Well, legal studies, environmental studies, economic studies, and resource utilization. Separate abstracts were prepared for each paper. (MHR)

The formation of negative ions by hydrogen collisions on cesium-coated surfaces is discussed in the limiting cases where the resident cesium is either in the purely ionic state or in the purely atomic state. The survival fraction for negative ions moving away from a metal surface is calculated using a method employing complex eigenvalues. The fraction of surviving ions is found to be larger than calculated by previous workers. The secondary emission coefficient for negative ion production by incident atoms with energies of ten to one hundred electron volts is estimated to be in the range thirty to forty percent.

Neutralization of H/sup -/ beams by a hydrogen plasma is discussed. Optimum target thickness and maximum neutralization efficiency as a function of the fraction of the hydrogen target gas ionized is calculated for different H/sup -/ beam energies. Also, the variation of neutralization efficiency with respect to target thickness for different H/sup -/ beam energies is computed. The dispersion of the neutralized beam by a magnetic field for different energies and different values of B . z is found. Finally, a type of plasma jet is proposed, which may be suitable for a compact H/sup -/ neutralizer.

Walker Branch Watershed is located on the Oak Ridge Reservation in the Ridge and Valley section of Tennessee. The watershed (97 ha consisting of 2 subwatersheds) is underlain by Knox Dolomite; soils formed over the dolomitic substrate are deep, well-drained Typic Paleudults. The watershed is forested. The overstory is predominantly oak-hickory with lesser amounts of pine and mesic hardwoods. The Walker Branch Watershed Project was initiated in 1967 to: relate the productivity and water quality of the stream to the productivity and nutrient balance of the adjacent terrestrial ecosystem; relate the net loss of nutrient elements to the rate of nutrient cycling; define the relationship between the hydrologic cycle and nutrient flux; provide benchmark information on natural terrestrial-aquatic ecosystems for comparison with man-modified situations; and to enable the measurement of environmental degradation caused by man's cultural practices. Research has been completed or is on-going in several distinct, but related, areas: ecosystem analysis of essential element dynamics (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and C), atmospheric and hydrologic input-output processes, trace element biogeochemistry (e.g., Cd, Pb, Zn) and sulfur. Research objectives have been approached by analysis of the role of important biological and physical processes, and the development of mathematical models.

The background, operation, and need for solar thermal powered pumps for irrigation is reviewed, and a compilation of 38 literature references with summaries is presented. (WHK)

Experimental measurements of the production of H/sup -/ from surfaces bombarded with hydrogen are reviewed. Some measurements of H/sup +/ and H/sup 0/ production from surfaces are also discussed with particular emphasis on work which might be relevant to ion source applications.

An apparatus was constructed for measurement of the density and volumetric thermal expansion of high temperature molten materials using the gamma attenuation technique. It was found that significant improvements in overall experimental precision could be realized by employing an automatic gain control in the linear section of the gamma counting system. This device reduced errors due to system gain shifts and thereby increased the precision of the gamma counting. Corrections were also made for the dead time of the electronics system. A preliminary experimental investigation of the precision of the method was made by measuring small dimensional steps of a tool steel block at a single temperature. A fractional length increment ..delta..l/l of 1% was determined to 1%, equivalent to a length change precision of 10/sup -4/ cm/cm. In addition, the precision of the experimental technique was analytically examined for both absolute and relative density determinations. Three analytical expressions used to reduce data for liquid density determinations were evaluated for their precision. Each allows use of a different set of input data parameters, which can be chosen based on experimental considerations. Using experimentally reasonable values for the precision of the parameters yields a similar resultant density precision from the three …

The formation of negative ions by hydrogen collisions on cesium-coated surfaces is discussed in the limiting cases where the resident cesium is either in the purely ionic state or in the purely atomic state. The survival fraction for negative ions moving away from a metal surface is calculated using a method employing complex eigenvalues. The fraction of surviving ions is found to be larger than calculated by previous workers. The secondary emission coefficient for negative ion production by incident atoms with energies of ten to one hundred electron volts is estimated to be in the range thirty to fifty percent. The secondary emission coefficient is found to be a sensitive function of the thickness of the alkali adsorbate coating for ion energies in the range below a few hundred electron volts.

This broad-base materials engineering program, begun in October 1974, includes studies on both ceramic (refractory) and metallic materials presently being used or intended for use in coal-conversion systems. Appropriate laboratory and field experiments are integrated such that the results have immediate impact on the present pilot-plant and proposed demonstration-plant designs. The report presents the technical accomplishments.

The role of chromosomal changes in human malignant cells has been the subject of much debate. The observation of nonrandom chromosomal changes has become well recognized in chronic myelogenous leukemia, and more recently in acute myelogenous leukemia. In the present report, data are presented on the sites of duplication of chromosome No. 1 in hematologic disorders. Trisomy for region lq25 to lq32 was observed in every one of 34 patients whose cells showed duplication of some part of chromosome No. 1. Adjacent regions lq21 to lq25, and lq32 to lqter, also were trisomic in the majority of patients. Two patients had deletions, one of lq32 to qter, and the other, of lp32 to pter. The sites of chromosomal breaks leading to trisomy differ from those involved in balanced reciprocal translocations. Some of these sites are sometimes, but not always, vulnerable in constitutional chromosomal abnormalities. The nature of the proliferative advantage conferred on myeloid cells by these chromosomal changes is unknown.

The LOFT pressurizer spray and surge line piping was analyzed for a 450/sup 0/F step change in fluid temperature. This transient was chosen to conservatively represent several pressurizer operating transients that had not previously been analyzed. These include temperature transients resulting from a 300/sup 0/F ..delta..T between pressurizer temperature and cold leg temperature, injection of a cooled (70/sup 0/F) slug of stagnant fluid into the hot (540/sup 0/F) spray line piping, and inflow of 100/sup 0/F primary coolant system water into the hot (480/sup 0/F) surge line piping.

Basis, definition, and determination of the LOFT primary system minor primary pressurization cycle are presented. Example pressure-time plots are given which illustrate recognition of the minor primary pressurization cycle during typical plant operations.

Changes in the topology of the Fermi surfaces of metals occur with variation of temperature or stoichiometry in a number of metallic systems of current interest. Pressure generated by a variety of techniques has proven to be the most useful experimental variable in the study of these transitions, but in most cases only solid He techniques yield sufficiently hydrostatic conditions to permit direct measurements of the Fermi surface as a function of pressure.

From abstract: The seismic history of the southeastern United States is dominated by the 1886 earthquake near Charleston, S.C. An understanding of the specific source and the uniqueness of the neotectonic setting of this large earthquake is essential in order to properly assess seismic hazards in the southeastern United States. Such knowledge will also contribute to the fundamental understanding of intraplate earthquakes and will aid indirectly in deciphering the evolution of Atlantic-type continental margins. The 15 chapters in this volume report on the first stage of an ongoing multidisciplinary study of the Charleston earthquake of 1886.

Information is presented concerning safety, compliance, and documentation; core nuclear design; ACPR upgrade and console development; mechanical design; fuel element design; fuel element fabrication; secondary fuel materials studies; driver core fuel element; and diagnostic system.

The objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of producing high-efficiency (15% or greater) thin-film GaAs solar cells with costs suitable for terrestrial solar electric power generation. The approach is that of growing GaAs by organio-metallic chemical vapor deposition on recrystallized germanium (Ge) films previously deposited on metal substrates and fabricating AMOS (Antireflecting Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) solar cells on the GaAs. Previously it had been determined that a water vapor-grown native oxide (temperature = 25/sup 0/C) was the most useful native oxide for AMOS cells. A new chemical surface preparation prior to oxide growth led to more uniform oxides and reduced interface contamination, yielding lower reverse saturation current densities, a near-unity diode ideality factor, and better reproducibility. Substituting silver (Ag) for gold metallization showed no change in starting cell efficiency, but did greatly improve high temperature stability of the AMOS solar cell. A new study was completed on antireflection coatings on AMOS GaAs solar cells, taking into account the spectral response of the cell and nature of the solar spectra, and the results submitted for publication. XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) studies had found earlier that the more efficient native oxides had primarily As/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and Ga/sub 2/O/sub 3/ with little GaAsO/sub 4/. …

This report was prepared for the ERDA Nuclear Data Committee and covers work performed at ORNL since May 1976 in areas of nuclear data of relevance to the U.S. applied nuclear energy program. The report was mostly generated through a review of abstracts of work completed to the point of being subjected to some form of publication in the open literature, formal ORNL reports, ORNL technical memoranda, progress reports, or being presented at technical conferences. As much as possible this report contains merely the complete abstract of the original publication with only minor editing. In a few cases progress reports were written specifically for this publication. The editors selected the materials to be included in this report on the basis of perceived interests of ERDA-NDC members and do not claim completeness.

This assessment estimates the impact of future national energy development on water resources. Energy development would include various types of electric power plants, production of synthetic fuels, coal and uranium mining, oil and gas extraction, and other conversion processes. The Energy Analysis Program at LBL has conducted this analysis for its assigned region, the states of California and Nevada. The objective of this study is to determine water requirements of energy technologies and their implications, with emphasis on emerging technologies for aggregated subareas (ASA) in California. The first phase of this study provides energy-supply projections and corresponding demands for water resources as perceived by regional and state groups responsible for or involved in energy planning in California and Nevada. The second phase of the study is designed to calculate the water requirements for the levels of energy development in California as specified by a Department of Energy scenario for the year 2000 and by utility projections as reported by the Federal Power Commission for 1985. The implications of these water requirements on competing water users are explored briefly. 24 references.

Separate abstracts were prepared for 30 papers presented.

The topics considered in the seven sessions were nuclear methods in atmospheric research; nuclear and atomic methodology; nuclear methods in tracer applications; energy exploration, production, and utilization; nuclear methods in environmental monitoring; nuclear methods in water research; and nuclear methods in biological research. Individual abstracts were prepared for each paper. (JSR)

Results are reviewed from a number of studies on the biological effects of static and low frequency electromagnetic fields on animals. Based on a long history of experience with electric fields by the utility industry, it appears that intermittent and repeated exposures to strong 60-Hz electromagnetic fields from present power transmission systems have no obvious adverse effect on the health of man. It has been recognized recently that this belief must be tested by carefully designed and executed experiments under laboratory conditions where precise control can be exercised over coexisting environmental factors. A number of studies have been initiated in response to this need to evaluate possible effects from both acute and chronic exposures. 100 references.

The General Atomic cold head-end reprocessing pilot plant has been built to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed commercial reprocessing flowsheet, in particular its integrated operation. This integration is accomplished in part by the solids handling system, which is designed to provide transfer of material at required rates between different steps in the process and to provide the required surge capacity. The major components of the solids handling system have been tested in order to verify or upgrade the design. The components described here are: inlet filters, conveying lines, bunkers, in-bunker filters, blowers, level sensors, feeders, and weigh cells. By and large, the equipment has performed as expected. Feeding of the various materials in the system has received considerable attention, and several improvements were necessary. The system is now equipped to perform its function of serving the needs of the other unit operations in the pilot plant.

Using a High Field Ignition Test Reactor application based on the Tokamak magnetic confinement approach, a three-month study effort focused on developing a feasible demountable DEALS toroidal magnet system design which would simplify the construction of the magnet and reactor, as well as facilitate future maintenance during long-term operation. This target was successfully achieved. The overall DEALS design is described, together with the basic reactor parameters. Detailed stress analyses for the support structure are given, together with magnet and conductor specifications. Preliminary electrical contact tests relating to joint design are also discussed.