The data for negative ion reflection yields is analyzed using a backscattering model for the secondary emission coefficient. The enhancement of the secondary emission coefficient is discussed in terms of reflection, formation, and survival probabilities. The yield of negative ions from alkali/transition metal surfaces by low energy atoms emitted from the ion-source discharge is calculated. Volume production of negative ions generated by plasma-surface interactions in a low-work-function-surface bucket-discharge is discussed.

Young's Modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio for 17-4 pH stainless steel and uranium -2 molybdenum are calculated from ultrasonic longitudinal and shear velocities determined from -40/sup 0/C to 800/sup 0/C. The ultrasonic velocities were determined at elevated temperatures using a through-transmission buffer rod arrangement. An indium-gallium slurry bond was used as an ultrasonic couplant between Cupernickel 10 alloy buffer rods and the specimen. Microstructural changes and phase transitions in the specimens are evident from the temperature dependence of the ultrasonic data. 10 figures, 3 tables.

An ultrasonic through-transmission technique for high attenuating materials was developed to determine the ultrasonic longitudinal and shear velocities in B/sub 4/C/Cu composites to 800/sup 0/C. Ultrasonic velocity data was used to calculate Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio for the composites from -40/sup 0/C to 800/sup 0/C. 5 figures, 1 table.

A description is given of FSHAKER, a transient control program for the performance of transient tests, written to run on the HP 5451C (Fourier) system. The report also contains a listing of a demonstration run made with FSHAKER. The appendix contains a commented listing of FSHAKER and listings of three Fortran user programs called by FSHAKER. (RWR)

Separate abstracts were prepared for Volumes I and II of this report.

In recent years, Congress has passed two regulatory acts, namely the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) and the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) which seek to control the manufacture, use, and disposal of hazardous chemical substances. These acts can have a significant impact on Sandia's missions and will particularly affect those organizations involved in materials development and selection. The primary purpose of this report is to describe in some detail the impact of these acts on Sandia's corporate goals and make recommendations on what our response should be. Also described in this report is the present position of Sandia with respect to these regulatory acts and the policies and actions that Sandia has taken to date in an effort to minimize their impact.

Volume-produced H/sup -/ ions have been extracted from a multi-cusp ion source by using a standard extraction system. In addition, a molybdenum converter is installed in the source to generate surface-produced H/sup -/ ions. The H/sup -/ ion yield is measured by a mass spectrometer. Without cesium, the production of H/sup -/ ions by the surface process is very small compared with those generated by volume production. However, the presence of cesium can greatly enhance the surface production yield. The energy spectrum shows that the surface-generated H/sup -/ ions contain two distinct groups when cesium is added to the discharge. The energy of one group is essentially that of the sheath potential and appears to be produced by a desorption process. The second group of H/sup -/ ions have slightly higher energies and appear to be formed by a reflection process. Different types of converter materials have also been tested.

The empirical methods commonly used in Europe to describe the shape of subsidence troughs are tested against the field data of the York Canyon Mine in Northern New Mexico. This mine is in a flat lying seam under rugged terrain. The subsidence data consists of time-correlated measurements of surface displacements above two longwall panels. While the profile fits from the graphical methods (United Kingdom) do not agree with the measured profiles, the profile functions of the error integral type used in Continental Europe fit the data well. The profile function analysis of the development curves also suggests a time-dependent response of the overburden. These results, except for the specific profile function used, are similar to those found previously for longwall subsidence at the Old Ben No. 24 Mine. Parameter values of the fit, i.e., the effective half range of the function and inflection point offset, were determined for all profiles. These parameters for the development curves and traveling profiles, which fundamentally result from the same raw data, exhibit markedly different apparent ''scatter.'' The rather narrow range of values for the development curves suggest that individual points subside in a well-behaved manner; and hence, the large variation in parameter values for …

Separate abstracts were prepared for the three reports included in this volume on the interpretation of heat flow data in a geothermal area. (MHR)

Investigations into three technologies having the potential of significantly enhancing the durability of solar mirrors are reported. The approaches are based on the assumption that sealing the silver layer on second surface mirrors from the external environment with protective overcoats will significantly extend their useful service life. Considered are: (1) edge sealing a second sheet of glass over the silver layer using solder glasses, (2) overcoating the silver layer with liquid applied SiO/sub 2/ or TiO/sub 2/ coatings, and (3) overcoating the silver layer with an electroless nickel film. Preliminary experiments were performed using Sb/sub 2/O/sub 5/-K/sub 2/O and PbO based solder glasses to edge seal a second sheet of glass over the silver mirror surface. Problems encountered in the formulation of the Sb/sub 2/O/sub 5/-K/sub 2/O glasses forced abandonment of these low melting point solder glass experiments. Materials compatibility problems were encountered when using several of the commercially available PbO based solder glasses alternatives. A cursory evaluation of liquid SiO/sub 2/ and TiO/sub 2/ coatings was also undertaken. The films were applied as direct overcoats on both silver only and silver/copper mirror substrates. Although the process appeared to yield visually acceptable coatings, under microscopic examination the films were found …

The objective of this project was to appraise the total volume of in-place methane dissolved in formation waters of deep sandstone reservoirs of the onshore Texas Gulf Coast within the stratigraphic section extending from the base of significant hydrocarbon production (8000 ft)* to the deepest significant sandstone occurrence. The area of investigation is about 50,000 mi/sup 2/. Factors that determine the total methane resource are reservoir bulk volume, porosity, and methane solubility; the latter is controlled by the temperature, pressure, and salinity of formation waters. Regional assessment of the volume and the distribution of potential sandstone reservoirs was made from a data base of 880 electrical well logs, from which a grid of 24 dip cross sections and 4 strike cross sections was constructed. Solution methane content in each of nine formations or divisions of formations was determined for each subdivision. The distribution of solution methane in the Gulf Coast was described on the basis of five reservoir models. Each model was characterized by depositional environment, reservoir continuity, porosity, permeability, and methane solubility.

The geology and salient aspects of geophysics and hydrogeochemistry of five high-grade geothermal systems in the USA are reviewed. On the basis of this information, a target location is suggested for a deep (5- to 8-km) borehole that will maximize the amount of scientific information to be learned at each of the five geothermal areas.

The Atlas of a report regarding an ecological characterization of coastal Maine, North and East of Cape Elizabeth.

This report is a synopsis of biological data on the green turtle in the Hawaiian island, including their ecology and life phases, population, exploitation, and the protection and management as of September 1979.

The appendices of a report regarding an ecological characterization of coastal Maine, North and East of Cape Elizabeth

This program summary describes each of the DOE's Biomass Energy System's projects funded or in existence during fiscal year 1979 and reflects their status as of September 30, 1979. The summary provides an overview of the ongoing research, development, and demonstration efforts of the preceding fiscal year as well. (DMC)

Three basic comparisons can be made between weapon system development and energy system development in the US--driving factors, system lifetime, and development time. Weapon system development and response is determined by a perceived threat to national security. Because the threat can change radically in this high technology atmosphere, weapon systems are usually designed for a 5 to 20 year lifetime. Development time from idea to capability is about 20 years on the average. In contrast, energy system development has been influenced by economics--demand, supply, return on investment--until the recent threat created by our dependence on oil. Energy systems are expected to operate 20 to 50 years and even longer. Development time is correspondingly long, i.e., 40 years from idea to large-scale use. The US needs to adopt a ''defense-oriented'' approach to protect its threatened energy security. Geothermal energy from hot dry rock is a new concept. The Hot Dry Rock Program is designed to minimize development time and may become a prime example of how a recognized threat to energy security can be answered by combined government/industry effort.

This report includes the Roster of registered Architects as of October 1980.

The ACIR Library is composed of publications that study the interactions between different levels of government. This document addresses the federal role in the federal system and the dynamics of growth.

The Assistant Secretary for Environment has responsibility for identifying, characterizing, and ameliorating the environmental, health, and safety issues and public concerns associated with commercial operation of specific energy systems. The need for developing a safety and environmental control assessment for liquefied gaseous fuels was identified by the Environmental and Safety Engineering Division as a result of discussions with various governmental, industry, and academic persons having expertise with respect to the particular materials involved: liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen, and anhydrous ammonia. This document is arranged in three volumes and reports on progress in the Liquefied Gaseous Fuels (LGF) Safety and Environmental Control Assessment Program made in Fiscal Year (FY)-1979 and early FY-1980. Volume 1 (Executive Summary) describes the background, purpose and organization of the LGF Program and contains summaries of the 25 reports presented in Volumes 2 and 3. Annotated bibliographies on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Safety and Environmental Control Research and on Fire Safety and Hazards of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) are included in Volume 1.

A study conducted as part of the Federal Interagency Energy/Environment Research and Development Program of the Office of Research and Development, U.S Environmental Agency; the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Tidal Power Study; and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Coastal Ecosystems Project.

This is the report on Task IB, Familiarization with Additional Data Collection Plans of Annual Survey of BOMA Member and Non-Member Buildings in 20 Cities, of the Energy Use in Office Buildings project. The purpose of the work was to monitor and understand the efforts of the Building Owners and Managers Association International (BOMA) in gathering an energy-use-oriented data base. In order to obtain an improved data base encompassing a broad spectrum of office space and with information suitable for energy analysis in greater detail than is currently available, BOMA undertook a major data-collection effort. Based on a consideration of geographic area, climate, population, and availability of data, BOMA selected twenty cities for data collection. BOMA listed all of the major office space - buildings in excess of 40,000 square feet - in each of the cities. Tax-assessment records, local maps, Chamber of Commerce data, recent industrial-development programs, results of related studies, and local-realtor input were used in an effort to assemble a comprehensive office-building inventory. In order to verify the accuracy and completeness of the building lists, BOMA assembled an Ad-Hoc Review Committee in each city to review the assembled inventory of space. A questionnaire on office-building energy use …

A conceptual design of an angular multiplexed 50 kJ KrF laser module for Inertial Confinement Fusion is presented. Optical designs for encoding, beam packing and beam transfer between amplifier stages are developed; emphasis is placed on reducing prepulse problems and achieving acceptable optical quality. An axisymmetric optical design is identified as optimum in terms of simplicity, optical quality, cost and alignment. A kinetic code model was developed for the KrF amplifier and was used to derive scaling maps for the 50 kJ module. Attention was given to reducing parasitics, achieving acceptable extraction efficiency and accounting for amplified spontaneous emission effects. The size of the module is constrained by parasitic suppression and damage thresholds; the power gain is constrained by demanding 40% extraction efficiency in a double pass extraction geometry; and, the run time is constrained by the pulsed power technology (PFN or PFL) and acceptable values of g/sub 0/L. The bounds imposed on the design by the pulsed power technology were examined. Both PFLs and PFNs were considered along with their associated diode, hibachi and guide field requirements. A base line design for a 50 kJ module including amplifier staging, layout and overall size is discussed. Cost analysis and scaling …

This volume contains the appendices for the Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Alternative geologic environs are considered. Salt, crystalline rock, argillaceous rock, and tuff are discussed. Studies on alternate geologic regions for the siting of WIPP are reviewed. President Carter's message to Congress on the management of radioactive wastes and the findings and recommendations of the interagency review group on nuclear waste management are included. Selection criteria for the WIPP site including geologic, hydrologic, tectonic, physicochemical compatability, and socio-economic factors are presented. A description of the waste types and the waste processing procedures are given. Methods used to calculate radiation doses from radionuclide releases during operation are presented. A complete description of the Los Medanos site, including archaeological and historic aspects is included. Environmental monitoring programs and long-term safety analysis program are described. (DMC)