We report on our investigation of the Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) and Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instabilities in laser ablatively accelerated targets for single mode perturbations for a series of wavelengths in the parameter regime 1/2 less than or equal to lambda/..delta..R less than or equal to 10, where lambda is the wavelength of the perturbation and ..delta..R is the cold foil thickness. We find linear growth rates well below classical values (by a factor on the order of 3 to 4). We also find a cutoff in the growth rates for wavelengths less than the foil thickness. The striking result is the dominance of nonlinear effects; i.e., the K-H instability, for short wavelength perturbations. Although the linear growth rates increase as k/sup 1/2/ up to the cutoff, the K-H rollup dominates at large k, drastically reducing the penetration rate of the dense spike below its free fall value and effectively doubling the aspect ratio of the foil. In other words, it is the long wavelength perturbations that are most effective in destroying the symmetric implosion of the shell.

For application in plasma heating, fueling, and current drive of magnetic fusion devices, high current negative deuterium ion sources for intense neutral beam injectors are being developed using efficient production of negative hydrogen isotope ions on low work function metal surfaces imbedded in hydrogen plasmas. In order to investigate the correlation between work function and negative hydrogen ion production, photoelectron emission from a cesiated metal surface, which is immersed in a hydrogen plasma with an electron density less than 5 x 10/sup 10//cc, was measured in the photon energy range of 1.3 to 4.1 eV. The work function determination was based on Fowler's analysis, and at the optimum coverage a work function of less than 1.5 eV was observed for a Cs-Cu surface. Measured values of work functions for different Cs coverages were compared to the negative hydrogen currents produced at the metal surface in the discharge; the surface production of negative hydrogen ion current is monotonically increasing with decreasing work function.

From August 1981 through January 1982, the Los Alamos Safeguards and Security Program was involved in many activities that are described in the four parts of this report: Nuclear Facility Safeguards Support, Security Development and Support, Safeguards Technology Development, and International Support. Part 1 covers those efforts of direct assistance to the Department of Energy and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission licensee facilities. This assistance varies from consultation on materials accounting problems, through development of specialized techniques and devices, to comprehensive participation in the design and implementation of advanced safeguards systems. In addition, a series of training courses in various aspects of safeguards helps make the technology more accessible to those who must apply it. Part 2 concerns a relatively new set of activities at Los Alamos aimed at the security of information and computer systems. The focus this period has been on furthering the development of the Computer Security Center, which provides the basis for encouraging and disseminating the emerging technology. Part 3 describes the development efforts that are essential to continued improvements in the practice of safeguards. Although these projects are properly classified as developmental, in every case they are directed ultimately at recognized problems that commonly occur in …

The objective of this project was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of physical and chemical barriers designed to prevent plant and animal breachment of uranium mill tailings containment systems for an extended period of time. A polymeric carrier/biocide delivery system was developed and tested in the laboratory, greenhouse and field. A continuous flow technique was established to determine the release rates of the biocides from the PCD systems; polymeric carrier specifications were established. Studies were conducted to determine effective biocide concentrations required to produce a phytotoxic response and the relative rates of phytotoxin degradation resulting from chemical and biological breakdown in soils. The final PCD system developed was a pelletized system containing 24% trifluralin, 18% carbon black and 58% polymer. Pellets were placed in the soil at the Grand Junction U-tailings site at one in. and two in. intervals. Data obtained in the field determined that the pellets released enough herbicide to the soil layer to stop root elongation past the barrier. Physical barriers to subsurface movement of burrowing animals were investigated. Small crushed stone (1 to 1 1/2 in. diameter) placed over asphalt emulsion and multilayer soil seals proved effective as barriers to a small mammal (ground squirrels) …

This document records the proceedings of a symposium on flow and transport processes in partially saturated groundwater systems, conducted at the Battelle Seattle Research Center on March 22-24, 1982. The symposium was sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the purpose of assessing the state-of-the-art of flow and transport modeling for use in licensing low-level nuclear waste repositories in partially saturated zones. The first day of the symposium centered around research in flow through partially saturated systems. Papers were presented with the opportunity for questions following each presentation. In addition, after all the talks, a formal panel discussion was held during which written questions were addressed to the panel of the days speakers. The second day of the Symposium was devoted to solute and contaminant transport in partially saturated media in an identical format. Individual papers are abstracted.

As part of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's technical support to large coal liquefaction projects, attempts have been made to (1) develop the methodology for characterizing and predicting multicomponent, multiphase, non-Newtonian flow behavior within letdown valves and devices, and (2) analyze the fluid flow in the entire letdown region of the process. An engineering model that can be used in the analysis of multicomponent, multiphase, flashing, flowing systems has been developed. A preliminary version of a user-oriented computer code for this model has been developed and is fully described.

This bibliography contains 693 references with abstracts on the subject of nuclear facility decommissioning, uranium mill tailings management, and site remedial actions. Foreign, as well as domestic, literature of all types - technical reports, progress reports, journal articles, conference papers, symposium proceedings, theses, books, patents, legislation, and research project descriptions - has been included in this publication. The bibliography contains scientific (basic research as well as applied technology), economic, regulatory, and legal literature pertinent to the US Department of Energy's Remedial Action Program. Major chapters are Surplus Facilities Management Program, Nuclear Facilities Decommissioning, Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program, Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Program, Grand Junction Remedial Action Program, and Uranium Mill Tailings Management. Chapter sections for chapters 1 and 2 include: Design, Planning, and Regulations; Site Surveys; Decontamination Studies; Dismantlement and Demolition; Land Decontamination and Reclamation; Waste Disposal; and General Studies. The references within each chapter are arranged alphabetically by leading author. References having no individual author are arranged by corporate author or by title. Indexes are provided for (1) author; (2) corporate affiliation; (3) title; (4) publication description; (5) geographic location; and (6) keywords. An appendix of 202 bibliographic references without abstracts or indexes has been included …

Separate abstracts were prepared for 10 of the included sections. (MOW)

A system of controls for the Impurity Study Experiment (ISX-B) neutral injection beamlines at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is presented. The system uses standard CAMAC equipment interfaced to the actual beamline controls and driven by a PDP-11/34 mini-computer. It is designed to relieve the operator of most of the mundane tasks of beam injection and also to reduce the number of operators needed to monitor multiple beamlines.

From Introduction: "The Front Range region from the Wyoming-Colorado state line to southern Colorado is a uranium metallogenic province. Correspondingly, uranium has been discovered in mineable deposits in metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks formed throughout the geologic history of the region both within the Front Range itself and in the apron of sedimentary rocks that surrounds the Front Range. The Pueblo 1ºx2º National Topographic Map Series (NTMS) quadrangle, Colorado (Fig. 1), which lies within this uranium metallogenic providence, was evaluated to identify and delineate areas and geologic units that exhibit characteristics favorable for the occurrence of uranium deposits."

This sixth symposium covers process control processes and issues involved in the conversion of fossil fuels into synthetic fuels.

This report represents an analog approach to the characterization of the environmental behavior of geotoxic waste materials (toxic material emplaced in the earth's crust) as drawn from literature on the Oklo natural fission reactors and uranium ore deposits relative to radioactive wastes, and hydrothermal metal ore deposits relative to stable toxic wastes. The natural analog data were examined in terms of mobility and immobility of selected radioactive or stable waste elements and are presented in matrix relationship with their prime geochemical variables. A numerical system of ranking those relationships for purposes of hazard-indexing is proposed. Geochemical parameters (especially oxidation/reduction potential) are apparently more potent mobilizers/immobilizers than geological or hydrological conditions in many, if not most, geologic environments for most radioactive waste elements. Heavy metal wastes, by analogy to hydrothermal ore systems and geothermal systems, are less clear in their behavior but similar geochemical patterns do apply. Depth relationships between geochemical variables and waste element behavior show some surprises. It is significantly indicated that for waste isolation, deeper is not necessarily better geochemically. Relatively shallow isolation in host rocks such as shale could offer maximum immobility. This paper provides a geochemical outline for examining analog models as well as a departure …

The 1982 symposium on instrumentation and control for fossil energy processes was held June 7 through 9, 1982, at Adam's Mark Hotel, Houston, Texas. It was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy; Argonne National Laboratory; and the Society for Control and Instrumentation of Energy Processes. Fifty-two papers have been entered individually into EDB and ERA; eleven papers had been entered previously from other sources. (LTN)

Field and laboratory hydrologic studies of two inactive uranium mill tailings piles are presented. The Riverton, Wyoming site is in close proximity to the water table, while the Maybell, Colorado site represents the contrasting case of the local water table being far below the tailings pile. Field studies included monitoring of hydraulic head profiles of the piles with tensiometers and piezometers, and infiltration tests. Laboratory tests on core samples from the tailings and soil cover included saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity measurements, saturation versus metric heat measurements, particle-size analysis, as well as determination of bulk densities and porosities. The tensiometer data indicate that the major portion of the tailings water at both piles exists under near steady-state unsaturated conditions with flow downward towards the water table. The zero-flux surface in these regions is within a meter of the upper surface of the tailings. A case of upward flow from the aquifer through the tailings was also observed in the thinnest, eastern portion of the Riverton tailings. Combined field data and laboratory results lead to an estimated steady-state downward flow of tailings water in a typical region of the Riverton tailings in the range of 10/sup -10/ m.s/sup -1/ to 10/sup …

Data on ..pi../sup -//..pi../sup +/ ratios and on hills and valleys in spectra from heavy ion collisions are reviewed. Theoretical studies to handle Coulomb effects on pion spectra are examined. The possible role of strongly-bound pion orbitals of nuclear size is discussed.

Results of reconnaissance surveys of the Enid quadrangle to determine the likelihood of uranium deposits of the area, and additional information about the location and classification of any deposits.

The Delta 1°x2° Quadrangle, Utah contains rocks which range in age from the Precambrian through the Holocene. It lies in the eastern part of the Basin and Range Province, approximately 85 mi southwest of Salt Lake City. Most known uranium resource potential lies in four geographic environments in two geographic areas. Favorable environments are: (1) Tertiary tuffaceous sandstone and conglomerate epigenetic disseminated deposits; (2) volcanic hydroallogenic environments containing uranium-mineralized altered tephra in the beryllium tuff member of the Miocene Spor Mountain Formation; (3) pipes or small diatreme structures in the Paleozoic limestones and quartzites on Spor Mountain, defined as Tertiary volcanogenic hydroallogenic environments; and, (4) alluvial-lacustrine placer environments, on the east and west sides of the Deep Creek Range adjacent to the quartz monzonite Ibapah stock. The significant volume of Miocene rhyolites and tuffs in the Quadrangle contain uncommonly large abundances of uranium and thorium.

From Introduction: "The Kingman Quadrangle, Arizona, Nevada, and California (Fig. 1), was evaluated to identify geologic environments and delineate areas that exhibit characteristics favorable for uranium deposits.

Results of reconnaissance surveys of the Lewistown quadrangle to determine the likelihood of uranium deposits of the area, and additional information about the location and classification of any deposits.

Appendices containing data on uranium availability to accompany a report on U.S. uranium resources in the Craig Quadrangle, Colorado.