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Iraq: Reconstruction Assistance (open access)

Iraq: Reconstruction Assistance

This report describes recent developments in the large-scale assistance program, the Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund (IRRF), undertaken by the United States and the international community in an effort to rehabilitate economic infrastructure and introduce representative government to post-war Iraq, and examines key issues of potential interest to Congress.
Date: May 22, 2008
Creator: Tarnoff, Curt
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq:  Recent Developments in Reconstruction Assistance (open access)

Iraq: Recent Developments in Reconstruction Assistance

None
Date: May 12, 2005
Creator: Tarnoff, Curt
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Recent Developments in Reconstruction Assistance (open access)

Iraq: Recent Developments in Reconstruction Assistance

Large-scale assistance programs are being undertaken by the United States following the war with Iraq. To fund such programs, in April 2003, Congress approved a $2.48 billion Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund (IRRF) in the FY2003 Supplemental Appropriation. In November 2003, the FY2004 Supplemental Appropriation provided an additional $18.4 billion for the IRRF. Many reconstruction efforts on the ground are underway, but security concerns have slowed progress considerably. Of the nearly $29 billion in appropriated funds from all accounts directed at reconstruction purposes, close to 40% is targeted at infrastructure projects -- roads, sanitation, electric power, oil production, etc. About 38% is used to train and equip Iraqi security forces. A range of programs -- accounting for roughly 22% of appropriations -- are in place to offer expert advice to the Iraqi government, establish business centers, rehabilitate schools and health clinics, provide school book and vaccinations, etc.
Date: May 5, 2006
Creator: Tarnoff, Curt
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Rebuilding Iraq (open access)

Rebuilding Iraq

Correspondence issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Rebuilding Iraq is a U.S. national security priority. As part of this effort, Congress appropriated $79 billon in emergency supplemental funds for fiscal year 2003 for military operations and Iraq's reconstruction, including humanitarian relief, peacekeeping, and economic and political reform. We have issued reports on similar programs to rebuild countries in the former Yugoslavia, the former Soviet Union, and other locations (see attachment III for a listing of previous GAO reports). Based on this work, we have developed short papers to help congressional decision-makers think about and prioritize the range of issues related to rebuilding Iraq."
Date: May 15, 2003
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Stabilizing and Rebuilding Iraq: Coalition Support and International Donor Commitments (open access)

Stabilizing and Rebuilding Iraq: Coalition Support and International Donor Commitments

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "In March 2003, a U.S.-led multinational force began operations in Iraq. At that time, 48 nations, identified as a "coalition of the willing," offered political, military, and financial support for U.S. efforts in Iraq, with 38 nations other than the United States providing troops. In addition, international donors met in Madrid in October 2003 to pledge funding for the reconstruction of Iraq's infrastructure, which had deteriorated after multiple wars and decades of neglect under the previous regime. This testimony discusses (1) the troop commitments other countries have made to operations in Iraq, (2) the funding the United States has provided to support other countries' participation in the multinational force, and (3) the financial support international donors have provided to Iraq reconstruction efforts. This testimony is based on GAO's prior work and data collected for this hearing. Although we reviewed both classified and unclassified documents, the information in this statement is based only on unclassified documents. We completed this work in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards."
Date: May 9, 2007
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Rebuilding Iraq: Integrated Strategic Plan Needed to Help Restore Iraq's Oil and Electricity Sectors (open access)

Rebuilding Iraq: Integrated Strategic Plan Needed to Help Restore Iraq's Oil and Electricity Sectors

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Since 2003, the United States has provided several billion dollars in reconstruction funds to help rebuild Iraq oil and electricity sectors, which are crucial to rebuilding Iraq's economy. For example, oil export revenues account for over half of Iraq's gross domestic product and over 90 percent of government revenues. The U.S. rebuilding program was predicated on three key assumptions: a permissive security environment, the ability to restore Iraq's essential services to prewar levels, and funding from Iraq and international donors. This report addresses (1) the funding made available to rebuild Iraq's oil and electricity sectors, (2) the U.S. goals for these sectors and progress in achieving these goals, and (3) the key challenges the U.S. government faces in these efforts."
Date: May 15, 2007
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq's Transitional Law (open access)

Iraq's Transitional Law

Correspondence issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "On June 30, 2004, the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) intends to transfer power in Iraq to a fully sovereign Iraqi interim government. CPA and the Iraq Governing Council took a fundamental step toward this goal in March 2004, when they signed the Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period (hereafter referred to as the transitional law). The transitional law is intended to govern the affairs of Iraq until Iraqis approve a permanent constitution and a permanent Iraqi government takes office. GAO has ongoing and completed work reviewing various aspects of the U.S. effort to reconstruct Iraq. Our ongoing work includes reviewing the costs associated with reconstruction; the process used to award reconstruction contracts; efforts to develop Iraq's security forces; the rebuilding of Iraq's oil, electricity, and water infrastructure; and programs to help Iraq develop a unified, democratic government. For this report, we describe the following information as it exists at this time: (1) the time frames and Iraqi governmental structures established by the transitional law; (2) arrangements in the law for the U.S.-led multinational force, Iraqi security forces, and militias; and (3) mechanisms …
Date: May 25, 2004
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Map Sources (open access)

Iraq: Map Sources

This report identifies selected websites for maps of Iraq, including government, library, and organizational websites. Maps of the Middle East, Iraq, facilities used by U.S. forces in the Gulf, and U.S. government humanitarian assistance and reconstruction activities in Iraq are also provided.
Date: May 26, 2006
Creator: Fischer, Hannah
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Map Sources (open access)

Iraq: Map Sources

This report identifies selected Web sites for maps of Iraq. Selected government, library, and organizational Web site addresses are provided. Maps of the Middle East, Iraq, Facilities Used by U.S. Forces in the Gulf, and USG Humanitarian Assistance and Reconstruction Activities in Iraq are also provided.
Date: May 15, 2003
Creator: Nelson, Marilyn L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Map Sources (open access)

Iraq: Map Sources

This report identifies selected websites for maps of Iraq, including government, library, and organizational websites. Maps of the Middle East, Iraq, facilities used by U.S. forces in the Gulf, and U.S. government humanitarian assistance and reconstruction activities in Iraq are also provided.
Date: May 26, 2006
Creator: Fischer, Hannah
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Kurds in Post-Saddam Iraq (open access)

The Kurds in Post-Saddam Iraq

Iraq’s Kurdish community, repressed by previous Iraqi governments, has become a major force in post-Saddam Iraq. The Kurdish-inhabited regions of northern Iraq are relatively peaceful, reconstruction is proceeding there, and the Kurdish leaders now have senior positions in the post-election government. However, there are concerns that the Kurds might use their political strength to serve their own interests at the expense of a unified Iraq. This report may be updated. See also CRS Report RL31339, Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance.
Date: May 5, 2005
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth & Prados, Alfred B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Women in Iraq: Background and Issues for U.S. Policy (open access)

Women in Iraq: Background and Issues for U.S. Policy

The issue of women’s rights in Iraq has taken on new relevance, following the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, efforts to reconstruct Iraq, and recent elections for a Transitional National Assembly (TNA). Over the past three years, the Bush Administration has reiterated its interest in ensuring that Iraqi women participate in politics and ongoing reconstruction efforts in Iraq. There has also been a widening debate regarding the extent to which the U.S.-led reconstruction efforts have been able to enhance women’s rights in Iraq and encourage their participation in Iraq’s governing institutions.
Date: May 5, 2004
Creator: Armanios, Febe
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Elections and New Government (open access)

Iraq: Elections and New Government

Elections for a transitional National Assembly, provincial councils, and a Kurdish regional assembly were held on January 30, 2005. High turnout in Shiite and Kurdish areas led to first- and second-place finishes for slates of these two communities, and they determined the composition of a new government inaugurated in May. See CRS Report RL31339, Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance.
Date: May 11, 2005
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Reconciliation and Benchmarks (open access)

Iraq: Reconciliation and Benchmarks

Iraq's current government, the result of a U.S.-supported election process designed to produce democracy, is instead a sectarian government incapable of reconciliation. The Administration says that the passage of some key laws represents progress on national reconciliation, and is a result of the U.S. "troop surge." Others say that combat among Shiite groups since March 2008, possibly motivated by provincial elections planned for October 2008, shows that force will not stabilize Iraq.
Date: May 12, 2008
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security (open access)

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

None
Date: May 10, 2007
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security (open access)

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

This report discusses the current political and social climate of Iraq, specifically in regards to the influence of the U.S. military presence over recent years. This report addresses planned and possible future efforts under the Obama Administration, including the scheduled gradual troops withdrawal.
Date: May 7, 2009
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security (open access)

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

Operation Iraqi Freedom succeeded in overthrowing Saddam Hussein, but Iraq remains unstable because of Sunni Arab resentment and a related insurgency, compounded by burgeoning sectarian violence. According to its November 30, 2005, “Strategy for Victory,” the Bush Administration indicates that U.S. forces will remain in Iraq until the country is able to provide for its own security and does not serve as a host for radical Islamic terrorists. This report discusses the background of the issue and examines several security challenges, response, and other policy options for the U.S.
Date: May 16, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security (open access)

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

This report discusses the current political and social climate of Iraq, specifically in regards to the influence of the U.S. military presence over recent years. This report addresses planned and possible future efforts under the Obama Administration, including the scheduled gradual troops withdrawal. This report also discusses the continued tensions between various Iraqi sociocultural groups.
Date: May 9, 2008
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Contracting in Iraq: Issues and Options for Congress (open access)

Defense Contracting in Iraq: Issues and Options for Congress

This report examines logistical support contracts for troop support services in Iraq primarily administered through the U.S. Army's Logistics Civil Augmentation Program(LOGCAP).
Date: May 21, 2008
Creator: Bailey Grasso, Valerie
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Contracting in Iraq: Issues and Options for Congress (open access)

Defense Contracting in Iraq: Issues and Options for Congress

This report examines logistical support contracts for troop support services in Iraq primarily administered through the U.S. Army's Logistics Civil Augmentation Program (LOGCAP).
Date: May 6, 2008
Creator: Grasso, Valerie Bailey
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Elections, Government, and Constitution (open access)

Iraq: Elections, Government, and Constitution

None
Date: May 22, 2006
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Government Formation and Performance (open access)

Iraq: Government Formation and Performance

None
Date: May 2, 2007
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights (open access)

Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights

This report discusses the situation immediately following the completion of the U.S. withdrawal from Iraq on December 18, 2011, when relations among major political factions worsened substantially, threatening Iraq's stability and the legacy of the U.S. intervention in Iraq. It includes an overview of historical and current political, military, and governance issues as well as an analysis of Iraq in relation to the other nations in the region.
Date: May 16, 2012
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights (open access)

Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights

This report discusses Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights. Relations among major political factions have worsened substantially since late 2011, threatening Iraq's stability and the perception of the achievements of the long U.S. intervention in Iraq. Sunni Arabs, always fearful that Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki would seek unchallenged power for Shiite factions allied with him, accuse him of an outright power grab as he seeks to purge the highest-ranking Sunni Arabs from government and to cripple attempts by Sunni-inhabited provinces to achieve greater autonomy.
Date: May 16, 2012
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library